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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and plasma proteins was studied within homogenous clinical material and in vitro models. In acute phase reactions, fibrinogen was the likely cause of the ESR-elevation, but there were significant associations between the ESR and the concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin, C3, haptoglobin and albumin. In chronic diseases, the ESR-elevation was probably caused by fibrinogen, mono- or polyclonal increase of IgG, IgA, IgM alone or in combinations. In multiple myeloma of the IgG and IgA subtypes, significant correlations were found between the ESR and the monoclonal proteins or between the ESR and the percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow. Model studies showed that the ESR increased linearly with the concentrations of fibrinogen or gammaglobulin (IgG) when these exceeded normal thresholds. The ESR was slightly decreased by increasing concentrations of albumin. Albumin had a synergistic effect on the ESR together with gamma-globulin, but not together with fibrinogen.
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PMID:The relationship between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and plasma proteins in clinical materials and models. 53 82

Clinical staging has been widely accepted as essential for optimal treatment of many types of cancer. Various groups of workers have investigated factors which influence prognosis in multiple myeloma. Important factors which have been indentified include the performance status, the presence or absence of renal insufficiency, the quantity of the monoclonal protein fraction in the serum, the extent of bone lesions, the serum concentration of albumin and calcium, and the hemoglobin level. Since our findings agreed with the staging, previously proposed by Salmon, this procedure was used to stage myeloma cases in a retrospective study. Survival was statistically significant shorter in stage III than in stage I and in subtype B shorter than in subtype A. In addition to the clinical findings we propose a system for the cytological and histological staging of multiple myeloma which is based on differences in maturity of myeloma cells and have tested its validity in predicting survival in a retrospective follow-up study. 202 cases of multiple myeloma have been analysed by cytological and histological methods. On the basis of the findings the following types were distinguished: 1. plasmocytic myeloma (127 cases), 2. plasmoblastic-plasmocytic myeloma (35 cases), and 3. plasmoblastic myeloma (32 cases). In 8 cases predominance of giant cells were seen. In types 2 and 3 involvement of extraskeletal sites (lymph node, liver, spleen) was significantly higher than in type 1, just as survival was significantly higher (39,7 months) in this type than in type 3 (9,8 months). There seemed to be no correlation between morphological type and class specificity of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Use of the clinical and morphological staging system should provide better initial assessment and follow-up of individual patients, and should lead to improved study design and analysis in large clinical trials of diagnosis and therapy for multiple myeloma.
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PMID:[Prognostic clinical and morphological classification of multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. 54 83

In 92 patients with multiple myeloma and IgG monoclonal proteinemia concentrations of seventeen different serum proteins were specifically determined. Prealbumin, albumin, alpha, HS-glycoprotein, alpha-macroglobulin, transferrin and immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgD were significantly decreased in patients with IgG myeloma. On the contrary the means found for the typical acute phase proteins i.e. haptoglobin, orosomucoid and CRP were significantly elevated. No significant differences were demonstrated for less typical acute phase protients, i.e. alpha1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and C3-component as well as for hemopexin and beta2-glycoprotein I. CRP values were strongly elevated in some sera, however in majority of patients they were within the normal limits. Negative correlation was found between monoclonal IgG and the most of the studied proteins inclusive immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgD. No correlation was demonstrated between the monoclonal IgG and the triad of typical acute phase proteins. Positive correlation was found between monoclonal IgG and the total serum protein and further among the proteins negatively correlated with monoclonal IgG as well as among the individual acute phase proteins. Explanation of the correlations reported has been suggested.
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PMID:Individual serum proteins and acute phase reactants in monoclonal immunoglobulinopathies (a study in patients with IgG myeloma). 64 23

Two commonly used brands of reagent strip (dipsticks) were evlauated for their sensitivity to Bence-Jones and seven other urinary proteins. Both brands showed significant differences in sensitivity to albumin, glycoprotein, ribonuclease and lysozyme; both were most sensitive to albumin and least sensitive to globulin. Furthermore, their comparative sensitivities to these proteins also differed markedly. These differences in sensitivity could lead to underestimation of protein content in urine specimens. Tests on urines from patients with multiple myeloma showed that a negative urinary dipstick test result did not rule out the presence of the disease.
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PMID:Sensitivity of in vitro diagnostic dipstick tests to urinary protein. 64 3

The heat precipitation method (Aberdeen method) was compared with the Ratnoff and Menzie method of fibrinogen assay in 320 donors, including normals and patients suffering from malignant melanoma, renal failure, hypertension, multiple myeloma, etc. Excellent correlation (r=0-8287, p less than 0-000 000 1) was found between these two methods. However, on some occasions individual low results were obtained by the Aberdeen method in the presence of cryoglobulins or excessively high plasma viscosity. The latter effect was tested also by additions of albumin, glucose, and dextrans.
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PMID:Re-evaluation of heat precipitation method for plasma fibrinogen estimation: effect of abnormal proteins and plasma viscosity. 77 32

Fluorescein-conjugated heat-aggregated human IgG binds to endothelial cells of foetal stem vessels in cryostat sections of normal, full-term human placentae. No binding was observed using native human IgG of heat-aggregated human albumin, IgM or IgA2. No inhibition of binding of heat-aggregated human IgG was observed by pre-treatment of placental tissue sections with native IgG or non-aggregated Fc fragments. The binding was blocked using heat-aggregated Fc fragments prepared from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 myeloma proteins, but not with heat-aggregated human light chains, Fab and F(ab)2 fragments of human IgG, or with heat-aggregated human IgM and IgA2. It is suggested that the placental endothelial cell receptor for aggregated IgG may function to keep immune complexes from entering the foetal circulation.
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PMID:Immunological studies of human placentae: subclass and fragment specificity of binding of aggregated IgG by placental endothelial cells. 78 32

Protein studies measuring selected serum and urinary biopolymers, representing activities of different organ systems, e.g., IgG, IgA, and C'3 complement (reticuloendothelial system), and albumin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, and alpha-2 macroglobulin (liver) are compared and discussed. Mean normal excretions were 2.91 mg. per 24 hr. for IgG, 2.00 mg. per 24 hr. for IgA, and 20.39 mg. per 24 hr. for albumin. Renal function was estimated using creatinine clearance. The data suggest that concentration variations in certain of the proteins of the plasma pool are related to altered renal function. Such differences strayed below the normal but little, yet significant quantities of these proteins were found in urine. The identification and quantitation of abnormal urinary protein components in urine of patients who have myelomatosis and macrogammaglobulinemia may eventually be useful in medical management.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma and macrogammaglobulinemia. I. Urinary protein excretions and serum interrelationships. 80 16

The specificity of the Fcgamma receptors in normal spleen and liver and in malignant tissues was studied using hemadsorption to cryostat sections. Indicator cells (EA) were sheep erythrocytes (E) sensitized with rabbit IgG antibody (A). The binding of EA to sections of normal and malignant tissues was inhibited by pooled IgG of human, rabbit, and guinea pig origin and by human IgG1, and IgG3, and IgG4 myeloma proteins. Heat-aggregated IgG inhibited the binding to sections of liver and some malignant tissues more effectively than monomeric IgG. The Fc fragments of IgG were also inhibitory, but not the F(ab')2, Fab', and Facb fragments. The inhibition obtained increased with decreasing amounts of A used for sensitization of E. The inhibitory activity of IgG was abolished after partial reduction and alkylation. No inhibition was obtained with IgG2, IgM, IgA, or albumin. E sensitized with Facb or F(ab')2 fragments of A did not bind to normal or malignant tissues. The specificity of the Fc receptors in normal spleen and liver and in malignant tissues is apparently very similar.
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PMID:Specificity of Fcgamma receptors in human malignant tissue and normal lymphoreticular tissue. 99 50

In saline extracts from the eggs and the albumin gland of the snail Achatina fulica 3 different forms of glycosubstances have been found by using heterophile precipitins from different sources: 1. An alkali-stable galactan reacting with the anti-galactans from Axinella polypoides sponge and from the clam Tridacna maxima (Tridacnin) and with Concanavalin A. 2. Another glycosubstance giving cross-reactions with a second precipitin from Axinella polypoides, with the lectin from Ricinus communis, with murine myeloma anti-galactan, with pneumococcus Type XIV antiserum and with Tridacnin. 3. The second precipitin from Axinella polypoides detects a third glycosubstance, which reacts with the lectins from Abrus precatorius and wheat germ (Triticum vulgaris).
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PMID:Different glycosubstances and galactans in the albumin gland and eggs of Achatina fulica. 103 78

MPC-11 myeloma cells synthesizing IgG were labeled in vitro with 3H-uridine and the cell lysates, or purified polysomes treated with rabbit antiserum against the purified MPC-11 protein. The specificity of the immune precipitation was tested by rabbit anti-egg albumin and by precipitation of polysomes from "non-producer" myeloma and HeLa cells. The specific precipitation was 10 to 15% of the total cytoplasmic RNA for the IgG-producing clone of MPC-11 and about 2% for the non-producer clone or HeLa cells. Up to 20% of the total polysomal and ribosomal RNA were precipitated from the IgG producing clone. This value correlated with the IgG synthesis of these cells which is also about 20% of the total protein produced. The results suggest that myeloma cells produce a relatively large quantity of IgG due to the presence of a large amount of specific m-RNA molecules.
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PMID:Immune precipitation of immunoglobulin producing polysomes from mouse myeloma cells. 116 19


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