Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Splenic lymphocytes of mice, immunized with membrane-enriched fractions of metastatic human mammary carcinoma tissues, were fused with the NS-1 non-immunoglobulin-secreting murine myeloma cell line. This resulted in the generation of hybridoma cultures secreting immunoglobulins reactive in solid-phase radioimmunoassays with extracts of metastatic mammary carcinoma cells from involved livers, but not with extracts of apparently normal human liver. As a result of further screening of immunoglobulin reactivities and double cloning of cultures, 11 monoclonal antibodies were chosen that demonstrated reactivities with human mammary tumor cells and not with apparently normal human tissues. These monoclonal antibodies could be placed into at least five major groups on the basis of their differential binding to the surface of various live human mammary tumor cells in culture, to extracts of mammary tumor tissues, or to tissue sections of mammary tumor cells studied by the immunoperoxidase technique. Whereas a spectrum of reactivities to mammary tumors was observed with the 11 monoclonal antibodies, no reactivity was observed to apparently normal cells of the following human tissues: breast, lymph node, lung, skin, testis, kidney, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, uterus, thyroid, intestine, liver, bladder, tonsils, stomach, prostate, and salivary gland. Several of the antibodies also demonstrated a "pancarcinoma" reactivity, showing binding to selected non-breast carcinomas. None of the monoclonal antibodies showed binding to purified ferritin or carcinoembryonic antigen. Monoclonal antibodies of all five major groups, however, demonstrated binding to human metastatic mammary carcinoma cells both in axillary lymph nodes and at distal sites.
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PMID:A spectrum of monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary tumor cells. 678 31

Lymphocytes from lymph nodes obtained at mastectomy in breast cancer patients have been fused with murine nonproducer myeloma cells to obtain human-mouse hybridoma cultures that synthesize human monoclonal antibodies. To date, 52 hybridoma cultures synthesizing either human IgG or human IgM have been obtained from lymph nodes of 13 patients. Ig production was stable in many of these cloned cultures through 60-200 days of observation. Levels of human Ig synthesis ranged from 0.1 to 20 microgram/ml of supernatant fluid. The immunological reactivities of the human Igs were assayed on tissue sections by using the immunoperoxidase technique. Several of the human monoclonal antibodies demonstrated preferential binding to human mammary tumor cells. One human IgM monoclonal antibody was used to discriminate between mammary carcinoma cells (from 55 of 59 patients) and normal mammary epithelial cells, stroma, or lymphocytes of the same breast. Decreased binding to some of the benign breast tumors tested and to selected non-breast adenocarcinomas was also observed. This same human monoclonal antibody, however, reacted significantly with metastatic mammary carcinoma cells in lymph nodes of breast cancer patients, with no binding to normal lymphocytes or to stroma of the same node. These studies demonstrate that stable clones of human-mouse hybridomas can be generated by using lymph nodes of mastectomy patients and that clones can be selected which synthesize human monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Generation of human monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary carcinoma cells. 693 87

Monoclonal antibodies against MM46, an ascitic mouse mammary tumor of C3H/H2, were produced by fusing mouse myeloma cell line NS-1 with spleen cells from a (BALB/c X C3H/HeN)F1 mice hyperimmunized with MM46, an MM antigen-positive tumor. Eight antibodies showed cytotoxicity against MM46, but not against MM48, an MM antigen-negative ascitic mammary tumor, and one hybridoma produced an agglutinating antibody. One of the cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies, 3-3-C, was selected, and the strain distribution and the tissue distribution of MM antigen were studied. The results demonstrated that MM antigen had a strain distribution identical to Ly-6.2 antigen, and a similar tissue distribution. Therefore, the characterization of MM antigen and Ly-6.2 antigen was investigated. Ly-6.2 antibody was shown to be cytotoxic for MM46, but not for MM48, in accordance with 3-3-C. Genetic segregation analysis of MM and Ly-6.2 antigens in 33 backcross mice demonstrated complete concordance between these two antigens. In addition, MM antigen phenotype of an Ly-6.2 congenic strain, C3H.B6-Ly-6b, was studied, and it was found to be positive in contrast to C3H/HeN. Furthermore, cross-absorption studies revealed that both MM46 cells and C3H.B6-Ly-6b lymph node cells could absorb cytotoxic activities of 3-3-C and monoclonal anti-Ly-6.2 antibody. The results so far obtained suggested strongly that these two loci controlling expression of MM and Ly-6.2 antigens were identical or very closely linked.
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PMID:Production of monoclonal antibodies against MM antigen: the serologic identification of MM antigen with Ly-6.2 alloantigen. 697 71

To investigate whether superantigen (SAG) from endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus functions as an immunogenic or a tumorigenic factor in tumor development, the BALB/c myeloma cell line FO was transfected with the SAG gene from the 3' Mtv-50 long terminal repeat (LTR) open reading frame (ORF), the product of which was specific for Vbeta6. All five transfectants expressing Mtv-50 LTR ORF mRNA showed stimulatory activity for Vbeta6 T-cell hybridomas in vitro; this activity was inhibited by the addition of anti-Mtv-7 monoclonal antibody (MAb) or anti-major histocompatibility complex class II I-A(d) and I-E(d) MAb. All transfectants with the SAG gene grew more rapidly than did mock transfectants in BALB/c mice after subcutaneous inoculation, whereas all clones, including mock transfectants, grew equally well in athymic nude mice. A significant fraction of Vbeta6 T cells selectively expressed activation markers, including CD44(high), CD62L(low), and CD69(high), and produced large amounts of interleukin 5 (IL-5) and IL-6 in BALB/c mice inoculated with transfectants. These results suggested that the expression of viral SAG enhances the tumorigenicity of a myeloma cell line through the stimulation of SAG-reactive T cells.
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PMID:Expression of mouse mammary tumor virus superantigen accelerates tumorigenicity of myeloma cells. 1095 19

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the first-line investigation in any breast lump and hence cytomorphological recognition of nonmammary metastatic tumors to the breast and their distinction from primary tumors is important. Metastatic breast neoplasms diagnosed over a 6-yr period from 1997 to 2002 were retrieved from the database of the Department of Cytopathology and the clinical, cytopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings were correlated with the histopathology of the primary tumor. Fifteen cases of metastatic breast neoplasms were encountered constituting 1.47% of all malignant tumors of the breast diagnosed on FNA. There were 14 female patients and one male patient aged 13-80 yr. The preaspiration clinical diagnosis was either a benign breast lump or a malignancy (primary vs. metastatic). The breast lump was the initial presentation in four cases and the cytodiagnosis of a metastatic malignancy lead to the subsequent detection of the primary malignancy. These included one case each of melanoma, myeloma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and small-cell carcinoma of the lung. There were five pediatric cases that included four cases of rhabdomyosarcoma and one case of leukemic deposit. The adult cases included two cases each of melanoma, small-cell carcinoma, and myeloma; one case of choriocarcinoma; and three cases of soft-tissue sarcomas. These included two cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and one case of leiomyosarcoma. The presence of unusual cytomorphological patterns on breast FNA should alert the cytopathologist to the possibility of a metastatic breast neoplasm, even if not suspected clinically. A detailed history of the patient, clinical correlation, and immunocytochemistry helps in establishing an accurate diagnosis, which avoids unnecessary surgery and ensures appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of extramammary neoplasms metastatic to the breast. 1575 68


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