Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human monoclonal antibodies were generated by fusing a nonsecretory variant of murine myeloma cells with lymphocytes obtained from the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma. Two human IgG monoclonal antibodies, designated 2-139-1 and 6-26-3, were extensively studied for their patterns of binding to cells in 64 specimens of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. These comprised: 23 cutaneous and 2 ocular melanomas; 4 specimens of lentigo maligna; 27 benign nevi; 2 basal and 2 squamous cell neoplasms of the skin; and 4 specimens of normal skin. A direct avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase staining method was used. Under these conditions, the antibodies reacted with variable intensity to all 18 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas, 5 metastatic cutaneous melanomas, and both ocular melanomas. Antibody 2-139-1 reacted with 1 of 4 specimens and 6-26-3 with 3 of 4 specimens of lentigo maligna. Two of 5 dysplastic nevi reacted with both antibodies, each with a smaller proportion of cells than with melanomas. There was no reactivity with the 22 other nevi representing a spectrum of histologic types or with normal melanocytes. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin also were not stained. These human monoclonal antibodies appear to be useful in distinguishing malignant melanomas from benign nevi, with the exception of dysplastic nevi, and from basal and squamous cancers of the skin in routinely prepared tissue sections. They may also help to identify the cytoplasmic antigens that are immunogenic in humans.
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PMID:Human monoclonal antibodies that distinguish cutaneous malignant melanomas from benign nevi in fixed tissue sections. 352 8

The expression of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) has been analyzed in renal, bladder, and pharyngeal carcinomas, multiple myeloma (MM), and skin melanocytic lesions to clarify their role in tumor detection and prognosis. Sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies were stained with the method of Ploton; the mean AgNOR number per nucleus (AgNOR count) and their distribution (configuration) were assessed examining 100 neoplastic cells. AgNOR counts and histologic grade were highly associated in bladder urotheliomas (6.01 for grade 1 [G1], 7.69 for G2, 13.35 for G3; p < 0.00001) and MM (3.18 for G1, 4.36 for G2, 6.13 for G3; p < 0.0001); they were not associated in renal cell carcinomas (5.35 for G1, 5.92 for G2, 7.99 for G3; p = 0.132) and pharyngeal carcinomas (11.1 for G2, 10.27 for G3; p = 0.08). AgNOR number was also related to the degree of malignancy in melanocytic lesions (2.93 for common blue nevus, 2.89 for benign nevus [BN], 3.69 for cellular blue nevus [CBN], 7.71 for malignant melanoma, and 8.33 for malignant cellular blue nevus [MCBN]; p < 0.00001). Association between AgNOR counts and pathologic stage was found in bladder carcinomas (6.43 for pTa, 10.19 for pT1, 12.57 for pT2-4; p < 0.00001) and MM (3.06 for cases with percentage of bone marrow plasma cells [BMPC%] < or = 20, 4.28 for BMPC% 21 to 50, 5.14 for BMPC% > 50; p < 0.0001]; no correlation was found in pharyngeal (11.18 for T1, 10.08 for T2, 10.68 for T3, 11.47 for T4; p = 0.18) or renal cell carcinomas (6.06 for pT2, 6.31 for pT3; p = 0.78). Few, large and grouped AgNORs were found in well-differentiated bladder carcinomas, MM, and benign melanocytic lesions; numerous, small and dispersed AgNORs were seen in poorly differentiated bladder, renal and pharyngeal carcinomas, MM and malignant melanocytic lesions. Significant association with prognosis was found in pharyngeal carcinomas (5-year survival: 68% for cases with < or = 10.31 AgNOR/cell, 20% for cases with > 10.31 AgNORs) and MM (5-year survival: 46% for cases with < or = 4.62 AgNOR/cell, 7% for cases with > 4.62 AgNORs; in MM the configuration too was related to prognosis: median of survival 72 months for tightly grouped, 16 for partially grouped, and 11 for dispersed AgNORs). Our results indicate that AgNOR number and configuration are useful in detection and prognosis of some neoplasias. They permit a rapid evaluation of morphology and tumor cell kinetics even on small biopsies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in tumor detection and prognosis. 775 Jan 18

The expression of SPANX (sperm protein associated with the nucleus in the X chromosome) gene family has been reported in many tumors, such as melanoma, myeloma, glioblastoma, breast carcinoma, ovarian cancer, testicular germ cell tumors, and hematological malignancies. However, no systematic approach has so far been devised to estimate the percentage of cancer cells expressing SPANX. This study was undertaken to quantify the expression of SPANX proteins in melanomas. The expression of SPANX proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in normal skin (n = 12), melanomas (n = 21), and benign nevi (n = 10), using a polyclonal antibody raised in our laboratory. Seventeen of the 21 melanomas (80.9%) examined expressed SPANX proteins. A high percentage of their cells (49.0% +/- 5.5%) stained positively for SPANX proteins compared with no expression found in normal skin cells. Benign nevi had an intermediate number of cells expressing SPANX proteins (25% +/- 8.5%), which resulted significantly higher than normal skin cells and significantly lower than skin melanoma cells. In melanoma cells, the labeling was mostly nuclear, sometimes incomplete or limited to the perinuclear wall, even if cytoplasmic staining was also seen in SPANX-positive tumor cells. In contrast, the 5 of 10 SPANX-positive nevi had a clear nuclear localization of the signal. These data suggest that the SPANX protein family is expressed in the vast majority of the melanomas tested. The mechanism(s), which brings up SPANX gene expression and the role of these proteins are not known.
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PMID:A high percentage of skin melanoma cells expresses SPANX proteins. 1931 7