Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty cases of plasma cell neoplasms (24 multiple myeloma, one plasma cell leukemia, and three primary macroglobulinemia) were treated with two kinds of highly purified alpha-interferons, recombinant human leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha A) (16 cases) and human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) (14 cases). Partial remission (PR) was obtained in two of 16 evaluable cases treated with rIFN-alpha A and in two of 12 evaluable cases treated with HLBI. If minor response (MR) was included, responses were observed in seven (31.3%) and six (50%), respectively. Response (PR + MR) was noted in 38% of 21 previously treated patients and 71% of seven previously untreated patients. Side-effects were noted in more than two-thirds of the patients. They included fever, malaise, nausea/anorexia and myelosuppression. Thus, these two kinds of highly purified alpha-interferon were effective in plasma cell neoplasm, producing unequivocal response in 14.3% of the cases without unacceptable side-effects.
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PMID:Treatment of plasma cell neoplasm with recombinant leukocyte A interferon and human lymphoblastoid interferon. 391 76

Seven patients with refractory multiple myeloma (readily evaluable for response) were treated in a Phase II trial with poly(I,C)-LC using a 3 times per week intravenous schedule. Serial immunologic testing included assessment of natural killer (NK) cell activity, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, delayed hypersensitivity, and in vitro mitogen responses. One patient had a partial response (PR) of 6-month duration, and 3 other patients had objective responses (less than PR). Significant interferon induction occurred, but levels dropped substantially with serial dosing. Major toxicity included hypertension, hypotension, fever, and myelosuppression. The demonstration of modulation of myeloma progression in this refractory population was encouraging.
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PMID:Poly(I,C)-LC as an interferon inducer in refractory multiple myeloma. 393 57

A Phase II study of interferon alfa-2a was conducted in 64 patients with multiple myeloma (42 IgG, 16 IgA, 5 Bence-Jones type, and 1 IgD) in a multi-institutional cooperative trial. Partial remission was obtained in 10 (21.3%) of 47 evaluable patients, and minor responses in 5 (10.6%) of 47. Remission was reached at 22 to 89 days (median, 29 days) after the initiation of interferon alfa-2a and lasted 4 to 55 weeks (median, 8 weeks). Side effects were noted in more than two-thirds of patients, and included fever (58%), malaise (20%), anorexia (52%), nausea-vomiting (26%), lethargy (2%), and myelosuppression (56%). They were all reversible on discontinuation of interferon alfa-2a. Antibody to interferon alfa-2a was detected in 1 of 20 patients tested during the course of treatment. Thus, interferon alfa-2a was effective in multiple myeloma, producing unequivocal response in 21.3% of patients without unacceptable side effects.
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PMID:Treatment of multiple myeloma with recombinant interferon alfa-2a. 394 39

A phase II study of recombinant human leukocyte A interferon was conducted in 64 patients with multiple myeloma in a multi-institutional cooperative trial. Partial remission was achieved in ten (21.3%) of 47 evaluable patients and minor response was observed in five (10.6%). Side effects were noted in more than two-thirds of the patients. They included fever (58%), malaise (20%), anorexia (52%), nausea and vomiting (26%), lethargy (2%), and myelosuppression (56%). An antibody to recombinant human leukocyte A interferon was detected in one of 20 patients.
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PMID:Treatment of multiple myeloma with recombinant human leukocyte A interferon. 407 17

Thirty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and malignant lymphoma were treated with partially purified (about 0.1%) leukocyte interferon. Patients were treated with a remission-induction schedule of 3 million to 9 million antiviral units daily intramuscularly for 4 to 26 weeks. Responding patients were maintained on a schedule of 3 million U three times weekly. Tumor regression was observed in seven of 17 patients with breast cancer. Six of 10 patients with multiple myeloma responded with a decrease of at least 50% in serum myeloma protein levels or Bence Jones protein excretion. Six of the 11 lymphoma patients achieved tumor regression. Complete remissions occurred in two patients. Of the 19 responding patients, five remain on study for 52 to 63 weeks. Toxicity included low-grade fever, fatigue, anorexia, and partial alopecia. Myelosuppression (lowest median leukocyte count, 2500/mm3; granulocytes, 1300/mm3) occurred in most patients. On the basis of this pilot study, we conclude that leukocyte interferon can induce tumor regression in patients with advanced cancer.
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PMID:Leukocyte interferon-induced tumor regression in human metastatic breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and malignant lymphoma. 615 12

This paper provides an overview of cancer chemotherapy with special reference to the pharmacokinetics of the nitrosoureas. At physiological PH, the chloroethylnitrosoureas can be decomposed into an isocyanate and 2-chloroethyl diazene hydroxide. Therefore, it is clear that they have both alkylation and carbamoylation actions. In addition to the spontaneous chemical dissociation, the nitrosoureas can be metabolized by liver microsomal enzymes to more polar hydroxylated products, and certain nitrosoureas can be denitrosated by these enzymes to the parent urea. Since the lipid-soluble nitrosoureas and some of the water-soluble nitrosoureas such as ACNU and MCNU demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier, they have been used in the treatment of primary brain tumors and tumors and tumors of metastatic origin. It has been demonstrated from the results of our study and other reports that the alkylation of DNA by ACNU progresses more slowly as compared with that of other alkylating agents. This is an important finding in relation to the appearance of delayed myelosuppression of the nitrosoureas and in the design of dose schedules of these agents. The major clinical emphasis has been directed towards the more active chloroethylnitrosoureas with reduced myelosuppression, and attempts are now made for this purpose. Unfortunately, the results of phase I and II trials of the newly developed nitrosoureas suggest that these agents produce delayed and cumulative bone marrow toxicity. Antitumor activity of the nitrosoureas is frequestly observed in chronic myelocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, brain tumors and small cell carcinoma of the lung, and less frequently in gastrointestinal carcinoma, multiple myeloma and malignant melanoma. In order to enhance clinical effects of the nitrosoureas, further investigation of the design in therapeutic schedules on the basis of their pharmacokinetic characteristics will be needed.
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PMID:[Cancer chemotherapy with special reference to pharmacokinetics of nitrosoureas]. 622 95

A clinical study on human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) in various advanced malignant diseases was performed. HLBI was administered to a total of 25 patients with various advanced malignant diseases in order ot investigate antitumor effect and toxicity. The diseases evaluated were as follows: 8 multiple myeloma (MM), 2 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 2 adult T cell leukemia (ATL), 1 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 8 breast cancer, 3 gastric cancer and 1 ovarian cancer. Twenty-three patients received either 3 million or 6 million units of HLBI by daily intramuscular injection or every other day. One patient with ATL received 18 million units of HLBI by i. v. daily and 1 patient with ALL received 30.32 million units of HLBI i. v. daily. Tumor regression (PR) was observed in 2 patients with MM, each one patient with ATL and ALL, respectively. Major toxicities were pyrexia, myelosuppression, general malaise and G.I. toxicity. Several patients showed abnormality of hepatic or renal function. Two patients who received HLBI for more than a year developed cardiac toxicity.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of human lymphoblastoid interferon on advanced malignancy]. 635 2

In 14 patients with advanced refractory multiple myeloma, the effect of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) administration was evaluated. There was one partial remission among 13 evaluable patients who received 2 g/m2 intravenously over 2 hr every 12 hr, for a total of 2-8 g/m2 per course, repeated every 3-4 weeks. Myelosuppression constituted the dose-limiting toxicity, causing two treatment-related deaths from infection and bleeding. Prior extensive therapy, a low percentage of cells in S phase and low levels of intracellular ara-CTP accumulation in the bone marrow could explain the resistance of myeloma to this treatment.
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PMID:High-dose cytosine arabinoside in multiple myeloma. 653 88

Fifty-two patients with advanced cancer received sequentially escalating doses of 3 to 50 million units of recombinant DNA-produced alpha interferon by daily intramuscular injection. There were 23 patients with metastatic breast cancer, 17 patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, and 12 patients with multiple myeloma. Complete and partial remissions were obtained in 35 percent of patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphoma, whereas rare activity was found in breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Dose-limiting toxicity occurred in patients receiving 36 million units or more and consisted of fatigue/asthenia, weight loss, and elevation of transaminase levels, requiring frequent interruption, reduction in dose, or cessation of treatment. Hematologic toxicity was rarely a limiting factor, but myelosuppression was severe in some patients with multiple myeloma. All toxicities were reversible on discontinuation of treatment. Antibodies to recombinant leukocyte A interferon were seen infrequently but may adversely affect therapy.
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PMID:Collaborative phase I-II study of recombinant DNA-produced leukocyte interferon (clone A) in metastatic breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. 654 79

m-AMSA, an acridine dye derivative, has been utilized in 36 patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. In 22 patients with lymphoma receiving 120 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, 10(45%) have achieved remissions. Eight of these remissions have been partial. The median duration of remission in patients with lymphoma was 3 months (range 1-12+ months). In 11 patients with acute leukemia receiving m-AMSA, 40 mg/m2 t.i.d. for 5 days, three (27%) have achieved remissions. Two of the three remissions have been complete. All three remissions in patients with leukemia were sustained for 1 month. Two patients with myeloma and one patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia failed to respond. The major toxicity of m-AMSA has been myelosuppression. The dose-limiting toxic effect in patients with lymphoma was neutropenia. Nausea and vomiting, alopecia, phlebitis, and hepatic dysfunction have been noted in a minority of patients. Phlebitis appeared to be prevented with heparin administration after m-AMSA infusion. One fatal arrhythmia occurred, apparently related to therapy. m-AMSA appears active in advanced leukemia and lymphoma. Further studies are merited, particularly in combination with known effective agents, in order to improve upon remission duration.
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PMID:m-AMSA: phase II trial in advanced lymphoma and leukemia. 658 46


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