Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with human ovarian cystadenocarcinoma extract were fused with the mouse myeloma cell line P3/NSI/1-Ag 4 in the presence of polyethylene glycol (Mr 4000). Of the 46 hybrids obtained, four secreted antibodies preferentially reactive to the immunizing ovarian tumor extract. Two of these hybrids, which showed no reaction with normal controls, were selected for cloning by the limiting dilution method. The numerous clones obtained from each hybrid were screened against a panel of five ovarian tumor extracts, pooled normal ovary extracts, and pooled normal human sera. One clone from each hybrid that showed specificity for ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas was recloned to assure monoclonality and to establish a permanent hybridoma cell line. The antibodies secreted by these cell lines were of IgG1 subclass with kappa light chains. These antibody-producing hybridomas were selected for further analysis of the antibody specificity by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and quantitative absorption tests. The monoclonal antibodies recognized an antigenic determinant present only in mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the ovary. These did not react with any other gynecological or nongynecological tumor thus far tested. The antigen was not demonstrable in any normal adult tissues tested. Among fetal tissues examined, only fetal intestine extract showed a positive reaction. The antigenic determinant recognized by these monoclonal antibodies was unrelated to carcinoembryonic antigen, normal glycoprotein, normal human serum components, or human ABO blood group materials. These antibodies, which have relatively high affinity and can be produced in large amounts, will be useful for the isolation and immunochemical characterization of this antigen. The purified antigen and the specific antibodies could be then combined in a sensitive radioimmunoassay for the early detection of the antigen in the sera and body fluids of patients with ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies recognizing tumor-associated antigen of human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. 617 95

A monoclonal antibody was produced against the major structural glycoprotein (P0) of human peripheral nervous system myelin. The hybridomas were generated by fusion of mouse myeloma line NS-1 with spleen cells of C3H mice immunized with purified human peripheral nervous system myelin. Hybridomas were screened by a two-step solid-phase radioimmunoassay, with P0 adsorbed on microtiter plates and with addition of 125I-labeled rabbit anti-mouse IgG as the second step. One derived clone, designated 41G10, bound P0 in the radioimmunoassay 4-fold over the background value obtained by using bovine serum albumin as the negative control antigen. Clone 41G10 was shown by immunofluorescence to bind to frozen sections of human intercostal nerve. Diffuse fluorescent staining occurred uniformly over the entire myelin sheath. The cylindrical axons were unstained. The same pattern of immunofluorescence was noted on rat, hamster, mouse, and rabbit sciatic nerve. Immunofluorescence was abolished when 41G10 was absorbed by P0. The monoclonal antibody 41G10 was absorbed by P0. The monoclonal antibody 41G10 is of the IgM class and activated complement in the presence of myelin vesicles or P0 liposomes but not in their absence.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody specific for myelin glycoprotein P0: derivation and characterization. 617 84

A panel of hybridomas was constructed by fusion of P3X63Ag8 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with a C57BL/Ka x-ray-induced lymphoma, C6XL. One of forty-three hybridomas secreting antibodies reactive with the tumor cells was found to be unreactive with normal spleen cells in a radioimmunometric assay. This antibody, designated 124-40, was unreactive with normal adult thymus, spleen, lymph node, or bone marrow cells, or with fetal spleen or thymus cells in radioimmunometric or radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Flow microfluorometric analysis of these nonmalignant lymphoid cells failed to reveal subpopulations reactive with MAb 124-40. The antibody was highly specific for the lymphoma cells used for immunization and did not react with a panel of other spontaneous or x-ray-induced or chemically induced lymphomas. The antigen reactive with MAb 124-40 was isolated by radioimmunoprecipitation and found to be a glycoprotein composed of disulfide-bonded subunits of 39,000 m.w. and 41,000 m.w. A cell surface component of similar structure, but not reactive with MAb 124-40 could be detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis in extracts of purified T cells, but not B cells. These results suggest that the apparently individually specific lymphoma antigen reactive with MAb 124-40 might be a clonally expressed epitope carried by a T cell surface component.
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PMID:Tumor-specific antigen of murine T-lymphoma defined with monoclonal antibody. 1566 66

Hybridomas secreting antibodies to the structural glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus were prepared by fusion of X63-Ag8/653 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified glycoprotein complexes of TBE virus. These antibodies were tested against 10 different TBE virus strains isolated in different European countries over a period of 26 years from different hosts. Quantitative evaluation of enzyme immunoassay results did not reveal any differences in reactivity among these strains, pointing further to the homogeneity of European TBE virus isolates, which has previously been inferred from results obtained by peptide mapping and competitive radioimmunoassay. Hybridomas defining three different antibody-combining sites (epitopes) on the glycoprotein of TBE virus were selected on the basis of cross-reactivity with another flavivirus. West Nile virus, as well as the ability to inhibit hemagglutination. Two epitopes were type specific, and the third was indistinguishably also present on West Nile virus. Hemagglutination was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies reacting with one of the type-specific epitopes as well as the cross-reactive determinant, which is apparently responsible for the broad cross-reactivity among different flaviviruses observed in hemagglutination inhibition tests with polyvalent immune sera.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to the structural glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus. 618 3

Monoclonal antibodies specific for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins were used to demonstrate that HSV undergoes mutagen-induced and spontaneous antigenic variation. Hybridomas were produced by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of P3-X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice infected with HSV-1 (strain KOS). Hybrid clones were screened for production of HSV-specific neutralizing antibody. The glycoprotein specificities of the antibodies were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates of radiolabeled infected-cell extracts. Seven hybridomas producing antibodies specific for gC, one for gB, and one for gD were characterized. All antibodies neutralized HSV-1 but not HSV-2. Two antibodies, one specific for gB and one specific for gC, were used to select viral variants resistant to neutralization by monoclonal antibody plus complement. Selections were made from untreated and bromodeoxyuridine- and nitrosoguanidine-mutagenized stocks of a plaque-purified isolate of strain KOS. After neutralization with monoclonal antibody plus complement, surviving virus was plaque purified by plating at limiting dilution and tested for resistance to neutralization with the selecting antibody. The frequency of neutralization-resistant antigenic variants selected with monoclonal antibody ranged from 4 X 10(-4) in nonmutagenized stocks to 1 X 10(-2) in mutagenized stocks. Four gC and four gB antigenic variants were isolated. Two variants resistant to neutralization by gC-specific antibodies failed to express gC, accounting for their resistant phenotype. The two other gC antigenic variants and the four gB variants expressed antigenically altered glycoproteins and were designated monoclonal-antibody-resistant, mar, mutants. The two mar C mutants were tested for resistance to neutralization with a panel of seven gC-specific monoclonal antibodies. The resulting patterns of resistance provided evidence for at least two antigenic sites on glycoprotein gC.
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PMID:Antigenic variants of herpes simplex virus selected with glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies. 618 35

We investigated the subcellular sites of glycoprotein oligosaccharide maturation by using lectin conjugates to stain lightly-fixed, saponin-permeabilized myeloma cells. At the electron microscopic level, concanavalin A-peroxidase stains the cisternal space of the nuclear envelope, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and cisternae along the proximal face of the Golgi stack. Conversely, wheat germ agglutinin-peroxidase stains cisternae along the distal face of the Golgi stack, associated vesicles, and the cell surface. These observations confirm the existence of two qualitatively distinct Golgi subcompartments, show that the lectin conjugates can be employed as relatively proximal or distal Golgi markers under conditions of excellent ultrastructural preservation, suggest that the asymmetric distribution of qualitatively distinct oligosaccharides is a property of underlying cellular components and not simply of the principal secretory product, and suggest that the oligosaccharide structure recognized by wheat germ agglutinin is attained during transport from the proximal toward the distal face of the Golgi stack.
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PMID:Lectin-binding sites as markers of Golgi subcompartments: proximal-to-distal maturation of oligosaccharides. 619 63

A series of monoclonal antibodies to human glomerular antigens was prepared by immunisation of a mouse with isolated whole glomeruli, followed by boosting with particulate glomerular basement membrane and fusion of murine spleen cells with the NSI-myeloma line. Hybridoma supernatants were screened jointly by a radioimmunoassay involving binding to isolated glomeruli, and by a 4-layer immunoperoxidase technique applied to polyester wax-embedded sections. Seven monoclonal antibodies with different specificities (PHM7-PHM13) were established and repeatedly cloned. Each antibody displayed a distinctive distribution within the glomerulus, including different patterns of staining of mesangial cells, mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane, in addition to extra-glomerular basement membranes and extracellular matrix. All antibodies also stained cellular outgrowths of isolated glomeruli cultured in vitro, and showed additive binding to cultured cells by radioimmunoassay. Physical characterization using absorptions with purified substrates, plus specific chemical and enzymatic digestions, indicated that PHM12 is directed against type IV collagen. PHM13 is directed against fibronectin as shown by absorption with purified fibronectin and immunoprecipitation of a 220 000 MW glycoprotein. The remaining 5 monoclonal antibodies, which react with carbohydrate (PHM7) or protein (PHM8-PHM11) determinants, were shown to be nonreactive with type IV collagen, fibronectin or other known glomerular components including sialic acid, laminin, amyloid P-component or various glycosaminoglycans. These monoclonal antibodies therefore appear to define a new series of human glomerular antigens, or possibly closely related antigenic determinants, which are synthesized by glomerular cells and incorporated into the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane. These antibodies, by providing markers for at least 2 antigens known to be important in glomerular cell-matrix interactions, should prove useful in research into the mechanisms involved in renal pathology.
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PMID:Production of monoclonal antibodies to fibronectin, type IV collagen and other antigens of the human glomerulus. 620 56

BALB/c mouse splenocytes from mice immunized with cells of the human hepatoma line Hep G2 were fused with SP2/0-Ag 14 mouse myeloma cells. Two monoclonal antibodies recognizing antigenic determinants (Hag-1, Hag-2) of hepatoma cell surface molecules were investigated. Analysis of immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis revealed that the Hag-1 antigenic determinant is born ona 115, kD MW glycoprotein, and that the second antibody immunoprecipitates a group of surface proteins with MW of 230 kD, 79 kD, 23 kD, and 20 kD from human hepatoma cells. These antigenic determinants are present on cell lines derived from other human tumors, thus neither of the antibodies is hepatoma-specific; cross-reactivity with human colorectal carcinoma and some mammary carcinoma cell lines is notable. Using indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections Hag-1 was detected in one of three liver biopsies tested whereas Hag-2 was demonstrated in all three. Both antigens were detected in sections of human kidney with Hag-2 localized to the proximal tubules.
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PMID:Identification of human hepatoma-defined cell surface molecules. 620 70

Proximal renal tubular function was studied in 522 consecutive patients entered into the Medical Research Council's fourth myelomatosis trial. Assessment was made at presentation after a 48 h period of hydration but before administration of chemotherapy. The most common abnormalities in the urine other than light chain proteinuria were raised concentrations of the low molecular weight proteins alpha 1-microglobulin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. These were usually accompanied by increases in urinary beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase concentrations. The concentration of these substances in the urine directly correlated with urinary free light chain output. This tubular proteinuria was seen whether or not patients had impaired glomerular function, as assessed by a rise in serum creatinine concentration. Urinary concentrations of retinol binding protein, however, were generally increased only when serum creatinine concentrations were raised. This applied even when there were high concentrations of light chains, alpha 1-microglobulin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase in the urine. There is therefore a selective tubular proteinuria in myelomatosis which is seen in almost all patients with urinary light chain values greater than 1 u/l. This proteinuria is generally reversible, when light chains no longer appear in the urine. Patients whose serum creatinine was greater than 200 mumol/l, however, had increased urinary output of retinol binding protein in addition to increased excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase. Tubular proteinuria in many of these patients presenting in renal failure persisted even when light chain output was reduced after chemotherapy.
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PMID:Proximal renal tubular function in myelomatosis: observations in the fourth Medical Research Council trial. 620 95

The species-specific and the interspecies cross-reactive melanoma antigenic determinants are defined by the monoclonal antibodies raised by syngeneic immunizations. The two types of monoclonal antibodies (M562 or M622 and M2590) were obtained by the fusion of P3U1 murine myeloma cell lines and spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice hyperimmunized with MMC-treated syngeneic B16 melanoma cells. The M2590 antibody recognizes the cross-species melanoma determinant commonly shared among at least mouse, hamster, and human, while the M562 or M622 antibody reacts with the mouse (B16) melanoma antigenic determinant. The immunochemical and physiochemical characteristics of the melanoma antigens on SDS-PAGE analyses show that these two characteristic determinants are present on the same molecule (molecular weight of 31,000) of a glycoprotein. Furthermore, the interspecies cross-reactive melanoma antigenic determinants are possibly composed of the sugar moiety, whereas the species-specific determinants seem to be proteinaceous in nature.
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PMID:Syngeneic monoclonal antibodies against melanoma antigens with species specificity and interspecies cross-reactivity. 620 64


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