Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This retrospective mortality study was conducted among 34,597 oil industry workers in diverse operating segments. Employees were traced through Statistics Canada, and overall mortality (SMR = 0.85) was lower than general population rates and similar to other petrochemical cohorts. The most notable finding was a significant excess of malignant melanoma [observed deaths (N) = 16, SMR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.07, 3.04], which concentrated among upstream workers (N = 6, SMR = 6.00, 95% CI = 2.19, 13.06), and was directly related to employment duration and latency. Specific substances or hydrocarbon (HC) streams could not be implicated, although possible explanations include dermal HC exposure, ultraviolet light exposure, or a synergistic effect between these two factors. Marketing/transportation workers showed a non-significant excess of multiple myeloma (SMR = 1.81), which was also related to employment duration, latency, and commencement of employment before 1950. Lymphatic cancer, skin cancer, and kidney cancer mortality was not elevated in refinery workers, a finding at odds with some previous refinery worker studies. Although the malignant melanoma and possibly the multiple myeloma mortality patterns are consistent with an occupational link, further studies are needed to investigate the relationship of these diseases with particular exposures.
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PMID:A retrospective mortality study within operating segments of a petroleum company. 141 87

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, with a wide range of biological effects. The diverse biological actions of IL-6 could play important roles in the enhancement or suppression of tumor growth and development. IL-6 has been seen to act as an autocrine and/or paracrine growth factor for various human tumors, including multiple myeloma, renal cancer, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. However, IL-6 also can exert potent anti-tumor effects: administration of IL-6 has been seen to result in decreased tumor appearance in experimental animal systems. Therefore, potentially useful anti-tumor therapeutic strategies could include the inhibition of the activity of IL-6, or alternatively, the enhancement of anti-tumor responses by the administration of exogenous IL-6.
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PMID:Interleukin 6 and cancer treatment. 181 Apr 43

A rare case is reported, in which heart failure in a patient with multiple myeloma without amyloidosis was improved following chemotherapy for the myeloma. The patient, a 50 year-old man, came to our hospital for examination because of anemia and hematuria. He was diagnosed as having an IgG kappa type of myeloma with the relatively rare complication of renal cancer. A chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. An echocardiogram revealed an enlarged left ventricle with decreased wall motion. No cardiac amyloid deposits were detected upon endomyocardial biopsy. Chemotherapy for the myeloma which was carried out before the operation for renal cancer was not only effective for control of the myeloma, but also decreased the pulmonary congestion and improved the heart function. It is suggested that the lowering of heart function in this patient was not due to amyloid infiltration as is relatively frequent in heart failure but was due to increased blood viscosity due to the multiple myeloma.
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PMID:[A case of multiple myeloma with heart failure improved remarkably by chemotherapy alone]. 187 43

Age-specific worldwide trends in cancer mortality were reviewed, with emphasis on cancer sites where increases have been reported in the USA. Cancer rates vary by factors as high as 30 between all countries, and 5-fold within and between industrialised countries. In Italy, Japan, Federal Republic of Germany, England and Wales, and the USA, patterns of cancer mortality have shifted uniformly over the past two decades. Stomach cancer continues to decline, while brain and other central-nervous-system cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma have increased in persons aged 55 and older. Cancer of the lung is starting to decline for men under age 85 and women under age 60 in England and Wales and men under age 45 in the USA, but is still rising for men and women in other countries. All forms of cancer are increasing in persons over age 54 except lung and stomach (which together comprise between 20% and 43% of all cancer in males in these countries). Studies of the quality of ascertainment and enumeration indicate that these increases are not attributable solely to diagnostic artifacts or to increased access to health care, although both these factors may be involved. These recorded increases in cancer should be assessed in greater detail to provide better projections of health care needs and to identify causal factors that may be controlled. The changes in cancer other than lung are so great and rapid that their causes demand intensive investigation.
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PMID:International trends in cancer mortality in France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, England and Wales, and the USA. 197 9

Bone densitometry has replaced conventional X-ray imaging in the diagnosis of bone loss. Conventional X-ray techniques however, are still the source of choice in the diagnosis of fractures in patients with osteoporosis and in the differential diagnosis of atraumatic fractures. The differential diagnosis of vertebral fractures includes metastases of solid malignant tumours, such as breast, lung or renal cancer or manifestation of systemic malignant diseases such as myeloma. The differential diagnosis of long bone fractures includes osteolytic metastases as well, and in the younger patients also bone cysts, bone tumours or hereditary skeletal diseases. Objective techniques have been developed, which allow the identification of beginning fractures but also the determination of the extent of vertebral deformation (SDI).
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PMID:[The use of conventional roentgen studies in the diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis]. 203 67

A 60-year-old female, who was exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb at 18 years old, had renal cancer and subsequently was found to have multiple myeloma (IgG kappa). She underwent the left mastectomy for breast cancer at 43 years old but was not given chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The karyotype of bone marrow cells was 46, XX. The estimated radiation dose was under 10 rads. While the effect of such a low-dose of radiation is considered to be almost negligible, there would be a possibility that in this case the risk of carcinogenesis was enhanced as her age advanced.
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PMID:[Occurrence of breast cancer, renal cancer and multiple myeloma in a Nagasaki atomic bomb survivor]. 221 84

We have observed 4 cases of extraintestinal cancer complicating Crohn's disease (CD). They included renal cancer, urinary bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and myeloma. A review of the literature showed a considerable number of reports of extraintestinal cancer complicating CD with a total of 75 further cases. The significance of those and our cases is discussed. The possibility of extraintestinal cancer must be kept in mind following patients with CD. Our report suggests there may be a nonnegligible risk of extraintestinal cancer, particularly genitourinary tumor, in CD. The causal relationship, if any, remains undetermined.
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PMID:Extraintestinal cancers in Crohn's disease. 229 42

The potential of monoclonal antibody-linked small unilamellar vesicles containing methotrexate [(MTX)SUVs] in cancer chemotherapy was investigated. (MTX)SUVs prepared by probe sonication [50 +/- 20 (SD) nm in diameter] were linked covalently to Dal K29 (an IgG1 monoclonal antibody against human renal cancer), normal mouse IgG, or a nonspecific mouse myeloma IgG1. After incubation with a human kidney cancer cell line, CaKi-1, for 2 h, Dal K29-linked (MTX)SUVs showed 6 and 8 times more binding to CaKi-1 cells than nonspecific mouse myeloma IgG1-linked (MTX)SUV or (MTX)SUVs unlinked. After incubation with Dal K29-linked ([3H]MTX)SUVs, a higher amount of radioactivity was associated with CaKi-1 cells at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Membrane immunofluorescence revealed aggregation and capping of Dal K29-linked SUVs around CaKi-1 cells after incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 h and endocytosis at 4 and 6 h. Electron microscopic examination confirmed the aggregation of Dal K29-linked SUVs on the surface of CaKi-1 cells and their presence in endocytic vesicles at 4 and 6 h. After incubation with Dal K29-linked gold containing SUVs at 37 degrees C, gold-containing SUVs were seen on the surface as well as inside endocytic vesicle of CaKi-1 cells at 2 and 4 h. A colony inhibition assay showed that Dal K29-linked (MTX)SUVs were 5 and 40 times more potent than Dal K29-MTX and equimolar amounts of free untrapped MTX in inhibiting the growth of the target CaKi-1 cells but were not toxic to a human melanoma line (that did not react with Dal K29).
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PMID:Targeting of methotrexate-containing liposomes with a monoclonal antibody against human renal cancer. 266 Sep 84

A large excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been documented in renal transplant patients and may be related to immunosuppressive therapy, persistent antigenic challenge from the graft, or both. To determine whether immuno-suppression resulting from chronic renal failure is associated with an elevated risk of certain tumors such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the authors studied cancer incidence in a national cohort of 28,049 patients in the United States with chronic renal failure who received maintenance dialysis for at least six months (totaling 66,706 person-years of observation). Compared with national incidence rates, the relative risk (RR) of cancer was 0.9 (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, and uterine cervix cancer). Moderate excesses of leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, thyroid cancer, and biliary tract cancer were found, but were not statistically significant for both sexes combined. A significantly elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (RR = 2.6) accounted for the excess observed in the total series, raising the possibility of factors specific to this disease.
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PMID:Cancer in patients receiving long-term dialysis treatment. 311 33

The sensitivity and specificity of immune reactions have long been recognized. However, since the description of the monoclonal antibody technique certain technical hurdles have been overcome. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology allows far more precise understanding of the humoral immune response by allowing dissection of this response into its individual B-lymphocyte populations. Furthermore, the ability to select and expand a particular B-cell clone allows for production of unlimited amounts of a pure antibody "reagent." Each of these reagents may be readily used as a "probe" for its respective antigenic determinant. Panels of these reagents may be used to probe complex biologic structures (e.g., neoplastic cells) and thereby "dissect" them at a molecular level. Murine mAbs are produced by hyperimmunizing a mouse with the antigen of interest. The spleen provides a rich source of B-lymphocytes. These normal B-lymphocytes are incapable of surviving in culture. However, mouse B-lymphocyte tumor cell lines (myelomas) have been previously immortalized in tissue culture. A hybridoma is formed by fusing the normal immunized B-cells with myeloma cells. The hybridoma combines the best features of its parent cells. The immunoglobulin product of each resulting clone is screened against a panel of antigens. This allows selection of those clones producing antibody to the desired antigens. The mAb may be used to purify and/or characterize its respective antigen including definition of the chromosomal site of its gene and factors involved in the regulation of its expression. A large number of mAbs have been produced against renal, bladder, and prostate cancer antigens. These mAbs are allowing a more precise, molecular subclassification of these cancers and providing improved predictability of the natural history of each patient's cancer. Evidence in experimental animals demonstrates that mAbs accumulate at the site of tumor and can lead to the destruction of tumor cells. These encouraging results have prompted clinical trials in patients with metastatic cancer. Such a clinical trial in patients with metastatic renal cancer is currently underway at New York Hospital and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies in urologic oncology. 329 91


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