Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 36 patients with neoplastic diseases 72 episodes of hypercalcaemia with serum-calcium levels greater than or equal to 2.75 mmol/l were treated (19 breast carcinoma; 9 bronchial or lung carcinoma; 5 multiple myeloma; 1 each jejunal carcinoid, malignant lymphoma, phaeochromocytoma). Cardinal symptoms were mental, neuromuscular and renal during the hypercalcaemic episodes. Mithramycin is preferred to other methods (infusion of sodium chloride and frusemide, prednisone, sodium-potassium-phosphate infusion) of treating acute or subacute hypercalcaemia. Mithramycin in a single injection of 20-25 microgram/kg body-weight intravenously is usually sufficient to counteract a hypercalcaemic phase for at least 7-10 days, often much longer. There was a highly significant fall in serum-calcium levels from two days onwards after mithramycin injection. Toxic side-effects were minimal and restricted to transitory increase in transaminase levels, initially 5-6 times normal with a maximum on the third day and normalisation on the fifth day after mithramycin administration.
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PMID:[Treatment of hypercalcaemic syndrome in tumour patients, especially with mithramycin]. 14 99

The nitrosoureas (BCNU, CCNU, methyl CCNU) represent a new class of antineoplastic agents with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. They are cell-cycle nonspecific cytotoxic agents. Postulated modes of action and pharmacology of these nitrosoureas are reviewed. Their therapeutic effectiveness as single agents and in combinations have been recognized in malignant lymphomas, multiple myeloma, melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, gastric and colorectal carcionma, and small-cell carcinoma of the lung. The nitrosoureas are administered on an intermittent 6--8-week schedule because of delayed and frequently severe bone marrow toxicity which may be cumulative in nature.
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PMID:Nitrosoureas: a reappraisal of clinical trials. 39 66

With the object of examining the anti-tumour effect of exogenous interferon therapy in man a research programme has been initiated at the Karolinska Hospital. Established cell lines obtained from patients with Burkitt's and other types of lymphoma, leukaemia, osteosarcoma, mammary carcinoma and fibrosarcoma and from fibroblast cultures displayed a variable sensitivity to the cell multiplication inhibitory activity of interferon. All the monolayer cultures tested were found to be sensitive to interferon at concentrations between 10 and 300 units/ml. Some lymphoma cell lines were not sensitive to interferon even at concentrations as high as 10.000 units/ml, while others were sensitive at concentrations between 2 and 300 units/ml. The interferons tested appeared to show a degree of tissue specificity. Controlled studies in vivo are being performed on osteosarcoma, juvenile papilloma of the larynx, multiple myeloma and small-cell carcinoma of the lung. The clinical results of this research obtained to date, together with the results obtained in model experiments, would appear to warrant accelerated production of human interferon.
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PMID:Interferon therapy for neoplastic diseases in man in vitro and in vivo studies. 72 40

Infusion of cycloheximide i.v., an antibiotic known to inhibit synthesis of protein, at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, reliably caused lysis of fever in 15 chronically febrile patients with Hodgkin's disease who did not have detectable bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. Antipyretic effects were also seen in some patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, acute leukemia, histiocytic medullary reticulosis, plasma cell myeloma, carcinoma of the lung, and carcinoma of the cervix. The drug failed to produce defervescence in four patients with normal granulocyte reserves, who were febrile due to bacterial infection. When infused at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, the drug apparently caused an acute alteration of protein metabolism in man in that plasma amino acid nitrogen rose acutely while plasma levels of muramidase and ribonuclease fell during the period of the infusion. The data suggest that continuing synthesis of protein may be involved in nonbacterial fever of neoplastic disease. Mammalian granulocytes and monocytes are known to elaborate a pyrogenic protein following appropriate stimulation; it is suggested that in some types of neoplastic disease, particularly Hodgkin's disease, tumor cells may produce and release a pyrogenic protein and that drug-induced inhibition of its synthesis is responsible for the observed lysis of fever.
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PMID:Antipyretic effect of cycloheximide, and inhibitor of protein synthesis, in patients with Hodgkin's disease or other malignant neoplasms. 109 49

Virtually any malignancy may lead to hypercalcemia, but carcinoma of the breast, myeloma, and carcinoma of the lung are especially frequent offenders. A more difficult diagnostic problem is posed by the "silent" tumor which secretes a substance causing hypercalcemia. Foremost in this category are bronchogenic carcimona and hypernephroma.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia and malignant disease. 111 72

This prospective study was designed to determine the efficacy of iodized talc pleurodesis in patients with pleural effusions. Thirty-four patients underwent this treatment (three bilaterally) between October 1, 1989, and March 31, 1991. All patients had to have complete or nearly complete lung reexpansion after tube thoracostomy with fluid drainage less than 100 ml in 24 hours. A slurry containing 5 gm of talc and 3 gm of thymol iodide was instilled into the pleural space through the chest tube. Chest tubes were removed after complete reexpansion and clearing of the effusions, usually in 3 to 5 days. The patients' ages ranged from 26 to 88 years (average 50 years). Eighteen patients had lung carcinoma, two had mesothelioma, and one each had carcinoma of the ovary, breast, or anorectum, multiple myeloma, schwannoma, or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Two patients had an unknown adenocarcinoma primary and five other patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. One patient had congestive heart failure. Nineteen patients had left, 12 had right, and three had bilateral pleural effusions. The effusion was serosanguineous in 26 and serofibrinous in eight patients. Serial chest radiography showed complete response in all patients. The period of follow-up ranged from 1 to 21 (average 4.9) months, with no recurrences. Twenty-three patients have died during the follow-up period, and there was no sign that reaccumulated pleural effusion existed in any, despite clinical evidence of systemic tumor progression. These observations indicate that intrapleural instillation of a slurry of iodized talc is a safe, adequate, and effective treatment for control of neoplastic or benign pleural effusions.
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PMID:Iodized talc pleurodesis for the treatment of pleural effusions. 156 70

Mouse-human heterohybridoma (3H12) producing human antibody was established by fusing P3/X63-Ag-U1 (P3U1) myeloma cells with lymphocytes from a patient of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). This monoclonal antibody reacts to lung cancer cells, especially SCLC, but not to adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma cells. It does not show any reactivities to other tumors or normal cells so far examined. An immunoprecipitation experiment with this antibody revealed that the antigen on SCLC was a single chain moiety of 150 kilodaltons (Kd). Judging from the cell type reactivity and molecular size of the antigen, this monoclonal antibody appears to detect a new tumor-associated antigen on human SCLC.
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PMID:Establishment of human monoclonal antibody recognizing a new tumor-associated antigen from a patient with small cell lung carcinoma. 216 75

Spleen cells from inbred Biozzi mice, immunized against the human breast cancer cell line T47D, were fused with murine myeloma SP2O cells to generate monoclonal antibodies. One of these, 1BE12, of IgM isotype, reacted with five of six human breast tumor cell lines, while no binding was detectable with normal lymphocytes, RBC, or fibroblasts. The antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody 1BE12 was localized on the surface of T47D and MCF7 cells and was detected in cell-free supernatants of cultures. The antigen was found also on the surface of milk secretory cells. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen and paraffin-embedded sections of human tissues showed apical polarized reactivity in normal breast glands, while in all breast cancers staining was either cytoplasmic or membranous and heterogeneously distributed. Immunostaining was also observed in some other normal epithelia, including salivary gland, gastroduodenal mucosa, exocrine pancreas, and cervix. The antigen was not detectable in secretory endometrium, whereas proliferative endometrium was strongly stained. Colon carcinoma, and cancers of the bladder and endometrium were strongly reactive. No staining was detected in melanoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid, renal, and ovarian carcinomas. Lectin absorption of MCF7 membrane extracts reduced 1BE12 binding. A large reduction in 1BE12 reactivity was observed after digestion of T47D and MCF7 membrane extracts with proteases. Treatment with sodium periodate resulted in complete loss of antigenicity, while neuraminidase treatment did not affect 1BE12 binding. These findings suggest that the 1BE12 epitope is expressed on the carbohydrate moiety of a glycoprotein and does not contain sialic acid. Immunoblotting of the perchloric acid-soluble fraction of MCF7 membrane extracts after electrophoresis in 1% agarose detected the antigen as a high molecular weight species (Mr greater than 900,000). The antigen was purified by perchloric acid extraction of MCF7 membrane preparations followed by affinity chromatography on 1BE12 antibody coupled to Sepharose-4B and gel exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography. No reactivity of the purified material was found with monoclonal antibodies directed against human milk fat globule membrane-associated mucins HMFG1 and DF3.
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PMID:Characterization and distribution in human tissues of a glycoproteic antigen defined by monoclonal antibody 1BE12 raised against the human breast cancer cell line T47D. 222 61

We studied the antitumor activity of newly synthesized bis(1-acyloxymethyl) derivatives of 4,4'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(2,6-piperazinedione) using i.p.-i.p. models of P388 leukemia and B16 myeloma. As a result, we found 4,4'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(1-isobutoxycarbonyloxymethyl-2,6-piperazi nedione) (MST-16) to possess considerable therapeutic activity. MST-16 showed not only marked life-prolonging effects in both P388 leukemia- and B16 melanoma-bearing mice but also a greater therapeutic ratio than did its parent compounds, ICRF-154 and ICRF-159. Further studies revealed that MST-16 has considerable therapeutic activity against a number of other tumors such as ascitic forms of L1210 leukemia, colon 26 adenocarcinoma, and MH-134 hepatoma and solid forms of B16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, colon 38 adenocarcinoma, and M5076 fibrosarcoma. These results suggest that MST-16 is very promising as an antitumor agent.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of MST-16, a novel derivative of bis(2,6-dioxopiperazine), in murine tumor models. 235 66

This paper describes an immunoglobulin G1 mouse monoclonal antibody (MCA) 44-3A6 directed against a human adenocarcinoma of the lung, cell line A549. This hybrid is a fusion product of the mouse myeloma SP 2/0.Ag14 and spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse which had been hyperimmunized with A549. Live cell radioimmunoassays, immunofluorescences, and fluorescent activated cell sorter analysis indicate that MCA 44-3A6 reacts with a cell surface antigen. Western blot analysis identifies a major antigen band with the apparent molecular weight of 40,000. Enzyme treatment of A549 target plates shows that the antigen is sensitive to proteases. This MCA does not react with carcinoembryonic antigen. Patients having a variety of different lung carcinomas do not appear to have detectable antigen in their serum, nor does the antigen appear to be shed into culture supernatants by human lung carcinoma cell lines. The antigen is preserved in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections and shows a cell surface and/or cytoplasmic staining pattern. Immunohistochemical staining of various bronchopulmonary carcinomas demonstrated binding to be restricted to tumors with features of "glandular" differentiation. This MCA may have clinical and diagnostic utility due to its selective binding for a subset of carcinomas of the lung.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody 44-3A6 as a probe for a novel antigen found on human lung carcinomas with glandular differentiation. 241 99


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