Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This investigation was based on the analysis of 580 autopsy records of patients with plasma cell myeloma or any type of leukemia. The data were collected by the Department of Pathology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1956 and 1965. The primary purpose of this paper was to elucidate the metastatic process in myelomas and different types of leukemia. Two mutually exclusive hypotheses were tested, i.e. whether the spread of a cancer from the primary tumor throughout the body was due to a simple diffusion or if a cascade process took place. The basic definition of the "cascade or multistep" diffusion of cancer is that it takes place in steps; that is, at least one intermediate step is usually required for the disease to progress from the primary tumor to generalized dissemination throughout the body. It appeared that either the liver or spleen are the two major diffusing sites; that is, no generalized metastasis occurs unless the spleen and/or liver are seeded first.
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PMID:The metastatic spread of myeloma and leukemias in men. 80 47

Two patients who had cervical lymph node metastases as the first symptom of a localized soft tissue extramedullary plasmacytoma of the epiglottis and nasopharynx, respectively, are described. Classical multiple myeloma was excluded by bone marrow biopsies and x-ray studies of the skeleton. In both patients, the primary tumor was diagnosed 2 years after excision of the cervical lymph node. One patient had a IgD, lambda myeloma protein in the serum and excreted lambda Bence-Jones protein into the urine. No M-component was found in the other patient. Both are living with a long survival of 8 and 4 years respectively. The presence of a cervical lymph node plasmacytoma should suggest an upper respiratory tract or oropharynx plasmacytoma rather than a primary lymph node plasmacytoma.
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PMID:Cervical lymph node metastasis as the first manifestation of localized extramedullary plasmacytoma. 99 Oct 83

From this study I suggest that extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) shows several important differences from myelomatosis and solitary myeloma of bone (SMB) which can be summarized as follows: 1. A marked preference for the primary tumor to present in a particular site, namely the upper air passages. 2. A high incidence of metastatic spread to soft tissues. 3. Spread to bone occurs frequently but shows no preference for bones containing active hematopoietic tissue and widespread bone-marrow involvement occurs only occasionally. 4. Prolonged survival may be achieved with therapy for local disease. 5. Vigorous treatment for disseminated disease can be given and may result in longer remissions than those usually seen in myelomatosis. Healing of bone lesions has been observed on several occasions. It is concluded also that SMB constitutes a rather unusual presentation of myelomatosis but is essentially the same disease process.
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PMID:The natural history of extramedullary plasmacytoma and its relation to solitary myeloma of bone and myelomatosis. 127 69

This study tests whether malignant melanoma (MM) patients are at higher risk of having an unrelated second cancer by comparing the observed incidence of a second cancer in a given population of MM patients with the expected number in an age-matched and sex-matched group of healthy people followed for a similar period. The analysis was based on the person-years method in which the main consideration is the follow-up period after the diagnosis of MM. Of 370 patients with histologically confirmed MM, 27 (7.3%) had a second noncutaneous invasive cancer, diagnosed either simultaneously (within 6 months, five patients) or after the diagnosis of MM (22 patients). The follow-up period for the entire MM group was 1253 person-years, a period during which the expected number of cancer cases in the normal population, according to the Israel Cancer Registry, was 6.6. The observed-expected ratio or the relative risk (RR) was 4.1 (P less than 0.01). After excluding the five patients with simultaneous diagnosis of MM and a second cancer, analysis of the remaining 22 patients in whom MM definitely preceded the second cancer showed an RR of 3.3 (P less than 0.01). For the entire group, there were nine patients with breast cancer, five with head and neck cancer (two with thyroid and three with oral cavity cancer), five with gynecologic cancer (one with uterine and four with ovarian cancer), five myeloproliferative malignancies (one with lymphoma, three with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one with myeloma), three gastrointestinal carcinomas (two with colon and one with stomach cancer), and two soft tissue sarcomas. When the differential analysis according to gender and age was done, it was found that the RR was higher for women (5.5, P less than 0.01) than for men where the RR was 2.2 (P less than 0.05). Differential analysis for various age groups showed that the trend for second cancer was consistent in all age groups, with a slight increase in the younger ones. None of the variables of MM, such as location of the primary tumor, level of invasion, or stage, were predictive for a second cancer. Furthermore, the RR for a second cancer did not relate significantly with the treatment given to the MM patient. Concerning the type of second cancer, it was found that the RR was especially high for breast cancer--6.6. These data indicate that MM patients may be at higher risk for having a noncutaneous invasive cancer compared with the general population.
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PMID:Are malignant melanoma patients at higher risk for a second cancer? 206 89

Between 1960 and 1985, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytomas were treated with radiotherapy at the University of Iowa: 13 patients with extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) and 17 with solitary plasmacytomas of bone (SPB). The local control rates were 92% for patients with EMP and 88% for those with SPB. Two of nine patients (22%) with EMP treated to the primary tumor only developed regional lymph node metastasis, indicating the need for elective irradiation of this area. The most common pattern of failure in both groups was progression to multiple myeloma. This occurred in 23% of the patients with EMP and 53% of those with SPB. The time course of progression to multiple myeloma differed for the two groups. All of those who progressed to multiple myeloma in the EMP group did so within 2 years, whereas a significant number of those in the SPB group progressed more than 5 years after initial therapy. None of five patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy in the SPB group progressed to multiple myeloma, compared to 75% (9/12) of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy.
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PMID:The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytomas. 234 47

Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC), an oncologic emergency, is a frequent complication of many neoplastic diseases in an advanced stage. Our experience is reported, which was obtained with a series of 61 patients following a diagnostic-therapeutic protocol aimed at early diagnosing MSCC and at assigning the major role in therapy to radiotherapy (RT) alone. Fifty-seven patients with an average follow-up of 13 months (range 4-26) were evaluable. Diagnosis was always made by means of myelography and/or myelography plus CT. In 50 cases the treatment consisted in RT alone and the remaining 7 patients had surgery before RT because of diagnostic doubts; in 1 case the patient was operated on because stabilization was necessary. A dose of 30 Gy was delivered, over 2 weeks, (TDF = 62) to those tumors which were considered as radiation-responsive and having a better prognosis (myeloma, lymphoma), whereas all the other histologies were given a split-course regimen (5 Gy x 3 days, stop x 4 days, +/- 3 Gy x 5 days; TDF = 68). All patients received medium or high doses of steroid depending on the degree of neurologic involvement. Patients with chemo/hormone-responsive primary tumors also received chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy. The clinical parameters considered in evaluating the response to treatment were backache, motor performance, and sphincter function. Respectively 86%, 47% and 44% of patients responded. Early diagnosis was the most important prognostic factor, whereas histology of the primary tumor was important in cases with severe neurologic damage only. The results obtained are similar to those reported in literature and confirm the value of the diagnostic-therapeutic approach used, which suggests continuing this trial.
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PMID:[Diagnostic-therapeutic integration in metastatic spinal cord compression. Analysis of a prospective study]. 260 32

Forty patients with known primary tumor and progressive back pain, suspected of having spinal metastatic disease, underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examinations of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine. Conventional radiographs and CT scans of the spine were all normal. The radionuclide bone scans were equivocal. In 21 patients focal or diffuse vertebral MR abnormalities were detected. In nine patients the lesions were hypointense on T1 sequence, and the same lesions were demonstrated poorly or not at all on T2 and proton density sequences. In eight other patients the bone marrow metastases presented with strong signal intensity on T2 and were poorly or not at all demonstrated on T1 and proton density sequences. In three patients with multiple myeloma, the signal intensity pattern of the vertebrae was diffusely heterogeneous, with alternating small foci of strong and weak signals (a mosaic-like pattern). Following the MR studies, needle biopsy confirmed the malignancy in the 21 patients who had shown abnormalities. No correlation between the type of primary tumor and the signal intensity of the vertebral metastases was shown. Possibly the mosaic pattern shown in three of the multiple myeloma patients represents a special case.
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PMID:Early MR demonstration of spinal metastases in patients with normal radiographs and CT and radionuclide bone scans. 274 77

The specific detection of tumors in vivo using a radiolabeled syngeneic monoclonal antibody made by fusion of P3U1 (BALB/c myeloma cells) and C57BL/6 spleen cells primed with syngeneic B16 melanoma cells was investigated by color imaging, autoradiography, and biodistribution. The radiolabeled antimelanoma antibody specifically accumulated only in the tumor lesions, whereas no radioactivity was observed in normal tissues or organs. The distribution patterns of the radioactive antibody in the tumor lesions depended on the sizes of the tumor. Almost the entire region of the small metastatic tumor in lymph nodes was labeled, whereas the radioactive antibody was irregularly localized mainly in the center of the medium-sized tumor. However, only the peripheral region of the large primary tumor was labeled. The highest uptake of radioactivity (tumor:blood ratio) was observed in the small lymph node metastatic tumor lesions rather than in the large primary tumor. Furthermore, high resolution color imaging of B16 melanoma was also obtained by using 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody. Tumor location was specifically visible without subtraction or enhancement methods 3-5 days after injection of the radiolabeled antibody.
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PMID:Specific biodetection of B16 mouse melanoma in vivo by syngeneic monoclonal antibody. 362 96

Using unfixed mouse bladder tumor cells (MBT) as target cells and a modified avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method made it possible to detect a humoral immune response in C3H mice with growing MBT tumors. The rise of the serum levels is significant (p less than 0.005) when compared to control animals and correlates with the tumor size. Mice with recurrences after surgical removal of the primary tumor had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher serum values than animals without recurrence. Purulent or granulomatous inflammatory changes, muscle necrosis, growth of a lymphoma or an ovarian carcinoma did not significantly change the results (p less than 0.05). Injection of myeloma cells from a different strain of mice caused a minimal, but significant increase in the values when compared to controls (p less than 0.0001). However, the slope of the curve differed significantly (p less than 0.05) from that in mice with MBT tumors. Irradiated MBT cells or Corynebacterium parvum used as immunomodulators significantly increased the serum values (p less than 0.001). In the presence of a growing MBT tumor, however, the immunomodulation did not substantially falsify the results. The serum values were related to the corresponding tumor sizes.
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PMID:Quantitative measurements of humoral immune response in mice to a FANFT induced bladder tumor. 389 7

C57BL/6 mice were immunized against a syngeneic murine carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). Monoclonal antibodies were prepared by fusing spleen cells of immunized mice with SP2-O-Ag mouse myeloma cells. Hybridoma clones producing anti-3LL antibodies were selected on the basis of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Two clones were selected and subcloned to give the 5B5 and the 6B6 hybrid lines which were found to secrete IgM monoclonal antibodies. Large quantities of monoclonal antibodies were purified from ascitic fluids by gel filtration chromatography. Specificities of these antibodies were tested on 3LL tumor cells, 3LL metastases, lymphoid cells and leukemic L1210 cells. The 5B5 IgM monoclonal antibody was found to be selectively directed against primary tumor cells and metastatic cells.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies (IgM) against a murine carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL): production, purification and in vitro selectivity. 650 Jun 31


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