Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunologic abnormalities have been described in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). In this report, we describe a rare case of a 59-year-old woman who had autoimmune-mediated hepatitis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis at initial presentation of Hodgkin lymphoma. She was treated with ABVD (doxorubicin/bleomycin/vinblastine/dacarbazine), which induced a complete remission. One year later, she developed a sudden Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia. She was diagnosed with Evans syndrome and was treated with prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. However, the response of the therapies was poor; she died of progressive thrombocytopenia. The autopsy revealed the relapse of Hodgkin lymphoma of cervical lymph nodes. Although autoimmune disorders are described in Hodgkin lymphoma, our case shows a rare instance of a patient who had various immunologic abnormalities, including autoimmune-mediated hepatitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, AIHA, and ITP.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2008 Feb
PMID:Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with various immunologic abnormalities, including autoimmune hepatitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and immune thrombocytopenia. 1850 Oct 91

A 40-year-old woman presented with a rapidly enlarging palpable thyroid mass. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy. The tumor fulfilled the criteria of primary solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP), including cellular expression of the CD138 and lambda light chain antibodies. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid occurs most commonly in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and must be distinguished from involvement of thyroid in multiple myeloma, inflammatory pseudotumor plasma cell variant, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and medullary carcinoma. The distinction is determined on the basis of histologic findings, immunohistochemical analysis, and other laboratory tests. Currently, no standard treatment exists for this entity. In this report, we discuss the differential diagnosis of SEP of the thyroid and the clinical features observed in this case.
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PMID:Clinical features and differential diagnoses of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid: a case report. 1930 61

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising from plasma cells most commonly occurring in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and larynx. Thyroid involvement is rare and less than 75 cases of SEP of the thyroid gland have been reported to date. A 74-year-old woman with an history of multinodular goiter presented with dysphonia and painful neck swelling, related to a rapidly growing nodule in the right thyroid lobe. Thyroid function tests showed subclinical hypothyroidism; no evidence of Hashimoto's disease was found. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of an isoechoic nodule, 35 mm in diameter, with a CDIII vascular pattern. FNAC showed a monotonous population of atypical cells, interpreted as suspicious for malignant neoplasia (Thyr. 4). The patient underwent total thyroidectomy. Histopathological examination showed a unencapsulated neoplasm composed of atypical tumour cells characterized by abundant cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei. At immunohistochemistry, tumour cells revealed diffuse reactivity for CD138 and CD45RB and predominant staining for kappa chains. Pan-cytokeratins, TTF1, thyreoglobulin, calcitonin, CD20 and CD79a were negative. Clinically, a complete multiple myeloma workup was negative. On this basis, a definitive diagnosis of SEP was made. At 16 months follow-up, the patient showed good clinical conditions without evidence of multiple myeloma. In conclusion, SEP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging thyroid nodule. Clinical correlation and immunocytochemistry are crucial in avoiding pitfalls. Surgery remains the best modality of treatment whenever the lesion is localized and easily removable.
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PMID:Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland associated with multinodular goiter: case report and review of the literature. 2200 66

So far no effective therapeutic has been developed for the FDA-approved treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Recently we provided the first evidence indicating that an old antibiotic (antiparasitic drug) called Ivermectin suppresses the growth of a variety of human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro by inactivating the oncogenic kinase PAK1 somehow (Hashimoto H, et al. Drug Discov Ther. 2009;3:243-246). This kinase is now known to be essential for the growth of more than 70% of all human cancers including breast, prostate, pancreatic, colon, gastric, lung, cervical, thyroid cancers as well as hepatoma, glioma, melanoma, MM (multiple myeloma) and NF (neurofibromatosis) tumors. In this study, using the cell-permeable PAK1-inactivating peptide TAT-PAK18 which blocks the essential PAK1-PIX interaction, we examined the relationship between the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines to this anti-PAK1 peptide and the protein expression/autophosphorylation levels of PAK1 in these cell lines, and found that the more PAK1 is abnormally activated (autophosporylated at Thr 423), the more their growth is sensitive to this peptide, regardless of their PAK1 expression levels. This observation provides the first direct evidence that ovarian cancers also belong to the PAK1-dependent cancers which represent more than 70% of all human cancers, suggesting that anti-PAK1 drugs would be effective therapeutics for ovarian cancers.
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PMID:The direct PAK1 inhibitor, TAT-PAK18, blocks preferentially the growth of human ovarian cancer cell lines in which PAK1 is abnormally activated by autophosphorylation at Thr 423. 2249 Nov 45

Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is characterized by proliferation of polyclonal plasma cells with associated fibrosis and is often considered part of the heterogeneous group of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). The thyroid is rarely affected by PCG. A patient having PCG associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) prompted our literature search that revealed 18 cases of PCG, 55% (n = 10) of which occurred together with HT. The etiopathogenesis of PCG is unknown and there is no specific treatment except surgical excision for compressive symptoms. This entity has an excellent prognosis with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Lesions of the thyroid with infiltrating plasma cells include HT, fibrous variant of HT, plasmacytoma, plasma cell myeloma, Riedel thyroiditis, IgG4 (immunoglobulin G4)-related disease, IMT, and PCG. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor has ALK gene rearrangements and is considered a neoplasm as opposed to PCG, which is a reactive polyclonal plasma cell proliferation. We believe IMT and PCG are distinct entities and consensus definitions are required for avoiding confusion in the literature.
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PMID:Plasma Cell Granuloma of the Thyroid: Review of an Uncommon Entity. 3004 Apr 58

Plasmacytomas of the thyroid gland are rare, whether or not they arise as solitary (primary) lesions or secondary to systemic multiple myeloma. Here, we present the case of a 71-year-old female presenting with goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in whom the subsequent histopathological diagnosis of plasmacytoma was a surprise. In presenting this case, we summarize the last 25 years of literature on thyroid plasmacytoma and review the salient clinicopathological characteristics, differential diagnoses, management, and outcomes of this rare condition.
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PMID:A Case Report of Thyroid Plasmacytoma and Literature Update. 3276 22


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