Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dextran ligands, modified to increase epitope reactivity with receptors, were more effective in suppressing BALB/c mouse plasmacytomas MOPC 104 E and J-558, which bind alpha (1 leads to 3) dextran and have an idiotype (Id) in the common, than autoantibody (Ab) against the Id unique to each of the proteins secreted by the two tumors (the (IdI). BALC/c immunized with 104 E myeloma protein and expressing an antibody response to the 104 E IdI exhibited a specific, anti-104 E IdI transplantation resistance to lethal grafts of 104 E, but not J-558, tumors notwithstanding the shared common Id and similar ability to bind alpha(1 leads to 3) dextran. This autoantibody did not prevent modulation of the 104 E tumor to variant forms or the growth of the variants. On challenge with alpha (1 leads to 3) dextran, the immunized mice expressing the anti-104 C IdI responses failed to express the 104 D IdI-like antibody clone present in the normal, anti-alpha (1 leads to 3) dextran antibody repertoire. Passive, iso-anti-104 E IdI antibody had a transitory suppressive effect on the normal, 104 E IdI-like antibody clone but failed to circumvent 104 E tumor growth. It is apparent that the greater effectiveness of ligands strongly reactive in a nonphysiological manner with the tumor receptors lies in the stabilization of the tumor load without inducing variant escape or a disturbance of the immune network, and that receptor expression and malignancy state are not necessarily co-extensive functions.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of tumor growth and antibody clone expression by antigen and anti-idiotype antibody ligands with specificity for receptor-binding sites. 52 Apr 8

Studies are reported that examine the participation of humoral and cellular responses in the myeloma-specific transplantation resistance induced by preimmunization of BALB/c mice with purified myeloma protein M315. A plasmacytoma spleen colony-forming assay was used to provide a quantitative estimate of the tumor immunity in recipients of unfractionated spleen cells or serum from mice immunized four to seven times with M315. The primary findings were: 1) that the tumor immunity can be transferred by immune spleen cells provided that a boost of M315 is given to adoptive hosts, and 2) that passively transferred serum containing anti-M315 idiotype antibody (a-Id315) can also inhibit tumor growth. Adoptive transfer was successful in the presence of minute amounts of a-Id315, whereas passive transfer required relatively large amounts of activity. The passive transfer experiments involved an extended injection schedule and thus could not discriminate between direct effects of antibody or idiotype-specific humoral substances on tumor cells or inductive effects on the cellular immune system. Experiments examining the properties of the immune elements involved in the transplantation immunity demonstrated that, once established, they are resistant to acute radiation (to 800 R) and cortisone damage.
 ...
PMID:Participation of the humoral immune system in the myeloma-specific transplantation resistance. 68 44

The effect of tumor growth on serum immunoglobulin levels and on the immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was studied in BALB/c mice bearing MOPC-315 (IgA), MOPC-460 (IgA), MOPC-173 (IgG2a) and MOPC-104E (IgM) to gain insight into the immunologic competence of the plasmacytoma-bearing host. The initial increase of myeloma protein coincided with the first appearance of the tumor and increased as the tumor progressed. However, at the time of death there was little correlation between spleen weights, tumor size, and myeloma-protein levels. The mean serum concentration of the myeloma proteins reached a higher level in the mice bearing tumors transplanted i.p. compared to those with tumors transferred subcutaneously (s.c.). Non-myeloma immunoglobulin levels in the serum were reduced: IgM was significantly lowered in the presence of MOPC-315 injected i.p. and MOPC-460 injected s.c. and the IgG2 levels were depressed in mice injected i.p. with MOPC-315 and MOPC-104E. The only significant reduction of IgA levels was seen when MOPC-173 was transplanted i.p. The decreases observed in immunoglobulin levels correlated with plasmacytoma growth. They were specific for myeloma and were not due to tumor growth per se since the levels of all immunoglobulins tested increased in the presence of Sarcoma 37, a pleomorphic neoplasm. The primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of tumor-bearing animals after the injection of 0.5 ml of 10% SRBC was either similar or enhanced compared to the controls. However, with a lower SRBC dosage (0.5 ml of 2% SRBC) the indirect PFC were reduced with mice bearing MOPC-104E and MOPC-173. Tumor sizes did not seem to correlate with reduction of the PFC response. MOPC-460-bearing mice had a comparable number of PFC per spleen to those of the controls, but reduced numbers when calculated per 10 spleen cells. Consistently, hemagglutination titers were reduced in all tumor-bearing animals. The number of direct and indirect PFC per spleen was increased in mice bearing Sarcoma 37, compared to the controls. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
 ...
PMID:The effect of plasmacytomas on serum immunoglobulin levels of BALB/c mice. 108 19

A model system is presented for studying the factors involved in tumor immunity. The initial observations with this system concern the importance of dose and route of administration of tumor cells on tumor growth. The data show that myeloma tumor cells, when inoculated i.v.in relatively large numbers, are eradicated by the immune response of an allogeneic host; tumor cells administered i.v. in smaller number escape from immune attack even though the host has the potential to mount an immune response. BALB/c mouse myeloma cells (MOPC-21) were transplanted s.c., i.p., or i.v. into H-2-compatible allogeneic DBA/ 2 mice. There was a marked difference in the response of the host to tumor given s.c. or i.p. as compared to tumor given i.v. Thus s.c. or i.p. inoculation resulted in lethal tumor growth when 5 x 10-3 or more tumor cells were given. In contrast, the outcome of i.v. inoculation depended on tumor cell dose. Although small cell doses ( 5x 10-4 down to 10-2) resulted in lethal tumor gosulted in lethal tumor growth with only 10% survival, large cell doses (10-5 to 5 x 10-7) resulted in tumor rejection and 70% survival. DBA/2 mice possess the immunological ability to react agaist the tumor when large doses of tumor cells (10-7) are given i.v. or i.p., since spleen cells obtained from such mice were found to be able to suppress the growth of MOPC-21 when a mixture of spleen cells and tumor cells was inoculated. On the basis of these initial observations, our model appears to relate especially to the idea that, in autochithonous tumor development or in metastasis of tumor, a small number of antigenic tumor cells, perhaps even a single cell, usually grows into a frank tumor in spite of the immunological competence od the host to respond to the tumor cells.
 ...
PMID:An experimental model for evaluation of factors in tumor escape from immunological attack. 111 32

Growth of a plasma cell myeloma (Adj PC-5) was studied in mice made lathyritic by the administration of beta-amino-proprionitrile (BAPN). The number of bones that had their medually cavities filled with tumor cells was notably decreased compared with tumor-bearing mice not treated with BAPN. Other aspects of tumor growth were the same. BAPN caused some retardation of tumor growth in the medullary cavity, but also caused osteoporosis and decreased tensile strength of collagen that allowed expansion of tumor growth outside the bones to proceed as usual. Additionally, the tumor-bearing mice showed some inhibition in their response to BAPN. This agrees with previous work that has shown that the response to BAPN treatment is greatest in animals that otherwise are healthiest.
 ...
PMID:Growth of a plasma cell myeloma in lathyritic mice. 119 Nov 22

Antiidiotypic antisera to LPC-1 and MOPC-300 plasmacytoma globulins were produced in rabbits by immunization with the corresponding antigen and exhaustive immunoabsorption with normal BALB/c plasma and other myeloma globulins. IgG fractions of these antisera when given intraperitoneally on three consecutive days after tumor implantation, protected the animal specifically from the grafting of the corresponding plasmacytoma or induced regression of the tumors after their initial grafting and growth. In vitro cytotoxicity of the antisera to plasmacytoma cells was not demonstrated. Plasma of the antisera-treated normal BALB/c mice, though containing antiidiotypic antibody in high titers (320-640), was not cytotoxic to tumor cells. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth can be considered the result of passive immunization against plasmacytoma with xenogeneic humoral antibody.
 ...
PMID:Passive immunity to murine plasmacytoma by rabbit antiidiotypic antibody to myeloma protein. 125 Aug 37

An extensive body of epidemiologic data has linked cigarette smoking to a wide variety of neoplastic diseases. Smokers have been found to incur an increased relative risk of mortality from cancer of the lung, head and neck, urinary tract, pancreas, and bladder. Recent work has also implicated smoking in the risk of leukemia and myeloma. The magnitude of these risks has prompted research aimed at identifying the carcinogens involved in specific smoking-related neoplasms, as well as potential genetic predispositions to the effects of these toxins. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes have been identified in both small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer, and mutations in dominant oncogenes have been noted in the latter disease. A growing understanding of the molecular genetics of smoking-related cancers may translate into improved diagnosis and treatment. Detection of mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in premalignant tissues might facilitate identification of individuals who have a hereditary predisposition to smoking-related carcinomas. In the future, tumor growth may be halted by replacement or substitution of mutated tumor suppressor gene functions or biochemical modulation of oncogene products. New forms of immunotherapy may also be targeted specifically toward mutant oncogenes in cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:Smoking and cancer. 149 98

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) expression on bone marrow-derived plasma cells from normal individuals, patients with monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS), and patients with multiple myeloma (MM) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using a new monoclonal antibody (MoAb) F8.8. This MoAb recognizes the alpha-chain (CD11a) of LFA-1 as determined by immunoprecipitation, and inhibits T-cell-induced cytotoxicity. Although the F8.8 MoAb stains unstimulated peripheral blood T cells with the same mean fluorescence intensity as other anti-CD11a MoAbs, it proved to be superior in detecting CD11a on plasma cells as compared with reference MoAbs. Using the anti-CD11a MoAb F8.8, a strong correlation was found between LFA-1 expression and disease activity in MM, as defined by clinical performance and serum M-protein level. Hardly any LFA-1+ plasma cells were detected in normal individuals, patients with MGUS, and MM patients in a nonactive phase of their disease, while plasma cells of some MM patients with active disease and all patients with fulminant disease expressed LFA-1. Plasma cell LFA-1 expression correlated well with the labeling index (LI) of the tumors in the individual patients. The relation between LFA-1 expression and the tumor growth suggests an involvement of this adhesion molecule in cellular interactions resulting in plasma cell proliferation.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 expression on plasma cells correlates with tumor growth in multiple myeloma. 156 32

Myeloma is one of the interleukin (IL)-6-related diseases to which abnormal expression of IL-6 has been reported to be linked. We examined the in vivo inhibitory effect of anti-human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody on human myeloma cell growth in mice. SCID mice were subcutaneously inoculated with solid tumor of the myeloma cell line S6B45 in which human IL-6 was acting as an autocrine growth factor. Ten intraperitoneal administrations of 100 micrograms of the anti-human IL-6R antibody PM1 at 48-h intervals strongly inhibited the growth of S6B45 cells when the administration started 24 h after tumor inoculation. The tumor growth inhibition in vivo was also observed by administration of the anti-human IL-6 antibody MH166 using the same procedure as for PM1. The inhibitory effect of PM1 was not significant when the administration started 5 or more days after tumor inoculation. This work indicates that anti-human IL-6R antibody, as well as anti-human IL-6 antibody inhibits human myeloma growth in vivo, and provides an animal model for testing the therapeutic value of agents such as antibodies to human IL-6, IL-6R and gp130, an IL-6R-associated signal transducer, in the treatment of human myelomas.
 ...
PMID:Anti-human interleukin-6 receptor antibody inhibits human myeloma growth in vivo. 163 1

One of the most promising areas for cancer therapy with administered radiopharmaceuticals is the treatment of very small tumors and micrometastases. Small tumors and micrometastases, however, may be rapidly growing at the time of treatment, resulting in a substantial change in mass during the period of irradiation. In this work, the formalism required to calculate the average absorbed dose to rapidly growing tumors is developed and applied to an in vitro tumor model. Further application to in vivo human myeloma tumors reveals that tumor growth may have a significant effect on the average dose delivered to the tumor from incorporated radionuclides. These considerations may assist in establishing dose-response relationships necessary for radiopharmaceutical cancer therapy.
 ...
PMID:Absorbed dose calculations for rapidly growing tumors. 173 56


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>