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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Binding constants of the dextran-reactive BALB/c mouse IgA myeloma proteins W3129 and QUPC 52 have been determined for each member of the isomaltose series of oligosaccharides and for methyl alphaDglucoside. Protein W3129 has maximum complementarity for isomaltopentaose (IM5) deltaf degrees = 7,180 cal/mol) with 55-60% of the total binding energy directed against methylalphaDglucoside. Protein QUPC 52 gives maximum binding with isomaltohexaose (IM6) (deltaF degrees = -5,340 cal/mol) and has about 70% of its total binding energy for isomaltotriose (IM3), but at most only 5% for isomaltose (IM2) or methyl alphaDglucoside. Protein W3129 precipitates with branched dextrans high in alpha (1 yields 6) linkages and reacts with but does not precipitate a synthetic alpha (1 yields 6)-linked linear dextran. Protein QUPC 52 precipitates both branched and linear dextrans. Thus, the immunodominant group for protein W3129 is mimicked by methyl alphaDglucoside and this protein reacts exclusively at the terminal nonreducing ends of alpha (1 yields 6)-linked dextran chains. Protein QUPC 52 has an immunodominant group which is expressed by IM3 but not smaller oligosaccharides and this protein can react at nonterminal locations along alpha (1 yields 6)-linked dextran chains. Precipitation of linear dextran seems to be a valid although not quantitative assay for antidextrans with nonterminal specificity. Quantitative precipitin reactions with branched and linear dextrans suggest that alpha (1 yields 6)-specific human antidextrans are mixtures of molecules having terminal and nonterminal specificities and that the fraction of each type can vary among individuals. Rabbit antisera against IM3 or IM6 coupled to bovine serum albumin also appear to contain antibodies with nonterminal specificity for dextran chains although a large fraction has terminal specificity. Low molecular weight clinical dextran N-150N (congruent to 60,000) reacted more like linear dextran than like its parent native-branched dextran B512. This is thought to result from an abundance of nonterminal determinants in clinical dextran N-150N but a very small number of functional terminal determinants per molecule. An appreciation of terminal and nonterminal specificities and of the different immunodominant structures in isomaltosyl chains has proven to be of a great value in understanding the immunochemical reactions of dextrans. Moreover, certain previous findings with fructosan-reactive mouse myeloma proteins and human antilevans (55, 84) also suggest terminal and nonterminal specificities for levan chains.
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PMID:Binding properties of immunoglobulin combining sites specific for terminal or nonterminal antigenic determinants in dextran. 4 89

Gamma-globulins can be crosslinked at low concentrations by simultaneous treatment with sodium sulphate and glutaraldehyde (SSG-method). This precipitate can be used for the assay of antibody or antigens. Examples are given for the measurement of (1) anti-dinitrophenyl antibody by reaction of the precipitate with 125I-dinitrophenylovalbumin, (2) IgA by inhibition of an anti-IgA precipitate with an 125I-labelled IgA myeloma protein, (3) idiotypic antibody by inhibition of the binding of a 125I-labelled myeloma protein by an anti-idiotype precipitate.
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PMID:Measurement of antibody and antigen concentrations with a sodium sulphate glutaraldehyde technique. 7 96

IgA myeloma proteins of kappa- and lambda-types were isolated from two patients. These were used to produce and purify anti-idiotype antibodies of both broad (myeloma-related) and narrow (individual myeloma) specificities. The anti-idiotype antibodies were conjugated with fluorochromes and used as immunofluorescent probes to trace in the patients clonal expansion at different levels of B-cell differentiation. Our results (a) confirm that B lymphocyte precursors in IgA plasma-cell myelomas are involved in the malignant process, (b) show that B lymphocytes of the malignant clone include those expressing each of the major heavy-chain isotypes, mu, delta, gamma, and alpha, and (c) provide strong circumstantial evidence that pre-B-cell members of the malignant clone are also increased in frequency. T cells expressing idiotypic determinants were not detected. These findings argue that the initial oncogenic event may occur in a B-stem cell and is not influenced through stimulation by antigen. An interesting association was the increased frequency of related clones of B lymphocytes as detected by their reactivity with anti-idiotype antibodies of broad specificity. Neither plasma cell nor pre-B-cell members of these related clones were increased in frequency. Anti-idiotype antibodies or helper T cells reactive with myeloma-related idiotypes could be responsible for this phenomenon. We discuss other implications of these findings and speculate that all of the various phenotypes of B-lineage malignancies may result from oncogenic processes affecting stem cell targets.
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PMID:Studies on the clonal origin of multiple myeloma. Use of individually specific (idiotype) antibodies to trace the oncogenic event to its earliest point of expression in B-cell differentiation. 9 18

Peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was applied to search for the presence of alpha-chain protein in cells of the infiltrate from six cases of alpha-chain disease (one immunoblastic sarcoma and five plasmacytosis cases). Cases of poorly differentiated lymphocytic and Burkitt's type lymphomas, IgA myeloma, and tuberculous enteritis served as controls. Infiltrate cells from alpha-chain disease showed heavy and diffuse staining with anti-alpha-chain and not light-chain antisera. The myeloma reacted with both anti-alpha and anti-kappa antisera. Plasma cells from tuberculous enteritis showed variable staining with anti-heavy- and anti-light-chain antisera, while control lymphomas did not stain at all. We suggest that immunoenzyme histochemistry is a useful tool in demonstrating intracellular alpha-chain protein.
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PMID:Immunoperoxidase study in alpha-chain disease. 10 2

Two patients with IgA myeloma and one patient with kappa light chain disease developed sideroblastic anaemia from two to four years after the initial diagnosis. All had previously received radiotherapy and chemotherapy (melphalan and prednisone). In two patients the myeloma was quiescent when the sideroblastic change occurred. Leukaemia occurred in two patients two and seven months respectively after the diagnosis of sideroblastic anaemia was made. In one of them, the myeloma became active again at the same time. The development of sideroblastic anaemia may be a pre-leukaemic event and may be recognised by the appearance of a dimorphic blood film.
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PMID:Sideroblastic anaemia and leukaemia in multiple myeloma. 10 98

The anion gap was evaluated in 26 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma (15 IgG and 11 IgA). The average union gap was found reduced only in IgG myeloma. Instead, in the subjects with IgA myeloma it resulted as increased. The partial differences between our results and those of other authors are discussed. The finding of correlations between the anion gaps and paraproteinemic concentrations (direct in IgA myeloma, inverse in IgG myeloma) gives further support to the conception that the charge exhibited in the serum by IgG and IgA paraproteins is, respectively, positive and negative. It is suggested that a 'normalization' of the anion gap during chemotherapy may be a useful tool to judge the efficacy of the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Anion gap in multiple myeloma. 11 13

Immunological marker studies using direct immunofluorescence and rosette methods were performed on the bone marrow and peripheral blood of an IgM myeloma, and on the peripheral blood of two cases of IgA myeloma and one IgG myeloma. These studies confirmed the peripheral blood involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias. In the IgA myeloma, the membrane and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was restricted to IgA, and the IgG myeloma did not express immunoglobulin at the surface of the cells shown to contain cytoplasmic IgG. The IgM myeloma cells, on the other hand, expressed membrane immunoglobulin, including IgD, of a single light chain type. The majority of plasma cells secreting IgA or IgG did not express the IgG Fc receptor, but most of the cells from the IgM myeloma, including plasma cells, did express IgG Fc receptors.
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PMID:Differing surface marker characteristics in plasma cell dyscrasias with particular reference to IgM myeloma. 35 Apr 60

Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 16 patients with secretory type of multiple myeloma and 5 with nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy were investigated for the surface immunoglobulins on the cell by immunofluorescence. A low pH shock of cells before staining was applied to dissociate the passively absorbed immunoglobulins present on the cell surface. Increases of B lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulins which have the same light chains as those of monoclonal immunoglobulins produced by the plasma cells were found in 5 of 11 common secretory myeloma patients and in all of 6 Bence-Jones myeloma patients. Ratios of cells bearing light chains of kappa- and lambda-types (kappa/lambda) appeared abnormal in almost all with an exception of only 3 cases of myeloma patients, even in the cases where the number of Ig bearing cells did not increase. Increases of possible monoclonal B cells bearing IgG, in addition to IgA cells, were observed in some patients with IgA myeloma. Increases of B cells bearing certain heavy chains were also observed in all 5 patients with Bence-Jones myeloma during the course of disease. No abnormalities of B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin were found in nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy. These results suggest that proliferation of monoclonal B lymphocytes, which may be progenitors to the malignant plasma cells, occurs in a majority of myeloma patients, but not in nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy.
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PMID:Detection of monoclonal B lymphocytes in multiple myeloma by immunofluorescence tests of surface immunoglobulins. 36 30

Abnormal IgA1 half-molecules consisting of one heavy and one light chain were found in a patient (N.N.) with typical multiple myeloma. The serum and the urine of this patient contained both 7.0S and 3.9S IgA myeloma proteins. The IgA half-molecules (3.9S) were found to have a molecular weight of 59,000 daltons and were composed of one alpha1 chain of about 40,000 daltons and one light chain of 22,000 daltons. Furthermore, enzymatic degradation suggested that the alpha chain of the N.N. half-molecules had a large deletion in its Fc portion. We suggest that its heavy and light chains were probably bound noncovalently, since the interchains connecting the heavy and light chains of these IgA half-molecules were easily dissociated with 1% SDS and 8 M urea. Cytologic studies identified at least two types of myeloma cells, and it is possible that half-molecule IgA production might result from mutation among the myeloma cells producing whole-molecule IgA.
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PMID:Human IgA1 half-molecules: clinical and immunologic features in a patient with multiple myeloma. 36 66

Two cases of monoclonal gammopathy in patients with hereditary spherocytosis led us to consider the possible pathogenetic relation between these two disorders. Twelve adult patients with hereditary spherocytosis had significant hypergammaglobulinemia in comparison to normal subjects. Retrospective analysis of previous illness in 140 patients with multiple myeloma showed a significant association between IgA myeloma and previous gallbladder disease. We propose that the chronic reticuloendothelial stimulation due to extravascular hemolysis, possibly potentiated by the inflammation associated with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis, may foster neoplastic transformation of immunocytes in patients with hereditary spherocytosis, ultimately leading to the development of monoclonal gammopathy.
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PMID:Monoclonal gammopathy in hereditary spherocytosis: a possible pathogenetic relation. 41 63


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