Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The optimum composition of several serum-free media has been established for a long-term cultivation of hybridomas, lymphoid and erythroleukemic cells. The medium DME/F12 appeared to be the medium of choice. It is necessary to supplement the basic medium with lipid and iron transport proteins (bovine serum albumin, transferrin) and peptide hormone (insulin) for obtaining stable results. However, there are differences in successful growth of examined cell lines under serum-free conditions: some of them acquire saturation density comparable with that of the control medium (hybridomas derived from myeloma Sp2/0-Ag14, cell lines K-562, Raji) but other lines do not (hybridoma derived from myeloma NS0/1, cell lines Namalwa, RPMI 1788, Molt-4). Thus, these serum-free media are not universal, therefore each new hybridoma and cell line should be tested to determine the suitability for them of some proposed media. The high effectiveness of cultivation under serum-free conditions can be presumably achieved by optimization of both qualitative and quantitative composition of the serum replacement and of the basic medium.
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PMID:[The cultivation of mouse and human lymphoid cells on serum-free media]. 129 79

A patient with nephrotic syndrome secondary to renal amyloidosis was consistently observed to have serum anion gap levels as low as -1 mEq/L and averaging approximately 2 mEq/L. Neither multiple myeloma nor extreme hypertriglyceridemia was present, and the patient's serum albumin concentrations were not low enough to depress the anion gap to this degree. An increased serum bromide level (below the range expected to produce clinical toxicity) was the apparent cause of the low anion gap. The patient's parents, who live in the same apartment, also manifested low anion gaps and inexplicably elevated serum bromide levels. Despite detailed investigation, no environmental or pharmacologic source of bromide was uncovered. Although the source of the bromide in the present instance remains elusive, this report illustrates the necessity to measure serum bromide when a low anion gap cannot be explained by other factors, even when there is no history to suggest bromide exposure.
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PMID:Low anion gap resulting from unexplained exposure to bromide in a patient with renal amyloidosis. 130 42

Immunization of mice with a synthetic GM3-lactam-BSA (bovine serum albumin) conjugate (designed to emulate the corresponding natural GM3-lactone conjugate), followed by fusion of splenocytes with myeloma cells, gave rise to more than 300 monoclonal hybridomas producing antibodies to GM3-lactam-BSA, which did not react with Glc-BSA and BSA. Eight antibody clones were randomly chosen from the positive 300 hybridomas. The eight clones, all belonging to the IgG class, were unreactive against GM3-ganglioside, whereas two antibodies (P5-1 and P5-3, both IgG1, kappa) reacted with GM3-ganglioside lactone. Binding of these two antibodies to the GM3-lactam-BSA conjugate was inhibited by soluble glycosides of GM2-, GM3-, and GM4-lactam and by GM3- and GM4-lactam, respectively, but not by Gb3 or asialo-GM1 and GM2-saccharides. A third antibody (P3; IgG2b, kappa) was inhibited by GM2-, GM3-, and GM4-lactam, but did not recognize GM3-ganglioside lactone.
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PMID:Anti-GM3-lactam monoclonal antibodies of the IgG type recognize natural GM3-ganglioside lactone but not GM3-ganglioside. 130 22

The prognostic significance of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) has been evaluated in bone marrow trephine biopsies from 64 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) prior to therapy. The univariate Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis showed a significant correlation between survivals and AgNOR counts (median of survival 51.3 months for cases with < or = 4.62 AgNORs per plasma cell (PC) versus 16 months for cases with > 4.62 AgNORs per PC; P = 0.0000) or AgNOR distribution in PC nucleus (AgNOR configuration) (median of survival 71.67 months for cases with tightly grouped AgNORs, 16.26 for partially grouped and 11.74 for dispersed AgNORs; P = 0.001). Significant prognostic correlations were also found for monoclonal immunoglobulin type (P = 0.008), platelet counts (P = 0.0078), serum creatinine level (P = 0.0001), Durie's clinical stage (P = 0.02), percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow biopsies (BMPC%) (P = 0.005), pattern of medullary involvement (P = 0.003) and PC atypia (P = 0.009). Borderline result was detected for the percentage of PCs in aspirates (P = 0.06). No significant correlation was found between prognosis and patients age, sex, haemoglobin level, serum albumin or calcium level, marrow cellularity and excess of haemosiderin. Multivariate survival analysis showed that only two variables were significantly correlated with prognosis: AgNOR counts (P = 0.003) and AgNOR configuration (P < 0.001). In addition, the analysis of variance showed significant association between AgNOR number and platelet counts, haemoglobin level, calcaemia, creatininaemia, clinical stage, percentage of PCs in aspirates, BMPC%, pattern of medullary involvement, PC atypia, marrow cellularity and configuration of AgNORs. Our results indicate that AgNOR counts and configuration have prognostic and diagnostic value and therefore they are useful independent parameters to assess the pretherapeutic aggressiveness of multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counts and prognosis in multiple myeloma. 148 55

In previous studies we demonstrated that the hypermutated isologous myeloma protein MOPC 315 (isotype IgA; lambda 2) is recognized by T helper cells like an ordinary foreign protein antigen. To what extent can an immune system recognize and respond to V domains from the primary (pre-immune) repertoire? To study this question we made 21 BALB/c hybridoma anti-2,4,6 trinitrophenyl monoclonal antibodies (mAb) of IgM; lambda isotype. All mAb purified from supernatants containing fetal bovine serum had formed spontaneous complexes with bovine serum albumin possibly by way of disulfide interchange. Twenty of twenty-one mAb from this source elicited IgG1 anti-idiotypic (Id) Ab when given as a single adjuvant-free dose of 200 micrograms. For 12 of them even 10 micrograms was sufficient. This indicated that BSA augmented the anti-Id responses by a carrier effect. Three of the mAb were therefore purified from ascites fluid and from serum-free medium. Only one of them then induced humoral anti-Id responses in BALB/c mice when given as a single adjuvant-free dose of 100 micrograms. The other two became immunogenic when emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. The results indicate that some IgM mAb exist whose Id determinants alone can elicit substantial anti-Id responses because they are recognized like ordinary foreign protein antigens. Since albumin in fetal bovine serum forms complexes with IgM and greatly augments its immunogenicity, serum-free medium should be used for production of human or humanized therapeutic IgM mAb. A possible role for Id for IgM Ab as cardinal autoantigens is discussed.
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PMID:Anti-idiotypic immune responses against adjuvant-free isologous IgM monoclonal antibodies and their augmentation by complex formation between IgM and albumin in bovine serum. 153 74

The hybrid hybridomas (tetradomas) were produced from the fusion of the double mutant actinomycin Dr (ADr)/HATs hybridoma to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and wild type hybridoma to alpha-endorphin (EP). The double mutant phenotype was constructed using the new strategy, based on the fusion of immune mouse splenocytes with mouse myeloma (X63.Ag8, 653) cell variants, made resistant to 30 ng/ml of AD by stepwise selection. This allowed the direct introduction of the dominant selective marker (ADr) into the hybrid cells. Tetradomas secreted the bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bi Mabs), simultaneously binding to EP and HRP in double antigen ELISA, the ELISA plates covered with EP-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Using rat pituitary the bi Mabs were shown to be effective for immunostaining of EP-producing cells. EP-producing cells.
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PMID:[A new approach to the design of hybrid hybridomas based on the use of an actinomycin D-resistant line of murine myeloma]. 168 61

This study compares the fine specificities of the primary and secondary fluorescein (FITC)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) repertoires in BALB/c mouse serum and monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and has found reproducible, immunization-dependent differences. FITC and four of its homologues; iodoacetamido fluorescein (IAF), dichlorotriazinyl aminofluorescein (DTAF), substituted rhodamine isothiocyanate (XRITC) and tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC), each conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), were used to determine reactivity patterns of serum IgM from mice immunized once or twice with FITC-haemocyanin (FITC-Hy). Reactivity patterns were also obtained for 20 IgM MoAb, eight of which were produced by fusions of SP2/0 myeloma cells with splenocytes from mice immunized once (primary) and 12 from mice immunized twice (secondary) with FITC-Hy. Each MoAb exhibited a unique fine specificity pattern, evidence of extensive heterogeneity in the FITC-specific repertoire. Reactivities of IgM MoAb with certain homologues were found to be more characteristic of either the primary or secondary response. Polyclonal serum IgM also showed reproducible immunization-dependent variations in fine specificity. Such a pattern could result from idiotypic suppression of primary antibodies, from the expansion of subsets of IgM memory cells utilizing novel genes and/or from somatic mutation absent in primary IgM antibodies.
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PMID:Temporal variations in the fine specificity of IgM anti-fluorescyl antibodies. 178 95

The anti-diquat (DQ) monoclonal antibodies with high specificity were produced. An immunogen was synthesized by binding DQ to bovine serum albumin via a diazo-coupled intermediate. BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally once a month with 0.25 mg of the immunogen for 5 months. Their spleen cells were fused with P3U1 myeloma cells to get hybridoma clones secreting anti-DQ antibodies. Two anti-DQ monoclonal antibodies (ADM-1, ADM-2) were subtyped to be IgM and IgG3, respectively. A competitive ELISA was developed with ADM-2. More than 0.05 micrograms of DQ was measured without any interference from human serum. The ADM-2 showed high affinity for DQ and no cross-reactivities with paraquat and other analogues. DQ in sera of poisoning patients were successfully determined by the ELISA. On the other hand, the ADM-2 was applicable to the immunohistochemical demonstration of DQ distribution in experimental animals. An avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method was used in this immunohistochemical study. DQ-intoxicated rats were killed at 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days and 7 days after intravenous administration of DQ (30 mg/kg). The macrophages containing DQ in the lung started to be observed at 12 h after injection and the number increased till 7 days. From 3 hours after injection, DQ was localized in the epithelial cells of the distal tubules and collection tubules, but not in the glomeruli in the kidney. In the heart, at every time from 3 h to 7 days after DQ administration, a few myocardial cells were positive with the immunohistochemical staining. The ADM-2 was expected to be available in practice of forensic and analytical toxicology.
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PMID:[Production of monoclonal antibody against diquat and its application for forensic medicine]. 181 Nov 7

In 71 patients with multiple myeloma the authors evaluated the clinical significance and the prognostic relevance of Bataille's stratification system based on serum beta 2-microglobulin and serum albumin levels. This staging system, which classified the patients to low, intermediate and poor risk groups (stages 1-3) showed a rather small prognostic significance, and it stratified our myeloma patients unsatisfactorily. On the basis of the results of our own analyses, we have developed our own modification of a pilot stratification system. We have verified its good clinical applicability and its powerful prognostic prediction. In this study, the good prognostic significance of serum beta 2-microglobulin and albumin levels (with the best cut-off levels of 4.0 mg/l and 35.0 g/l) and a good correlation between both analysed markers were confirmed.
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PMID:Stratification of multiple myeloma according to serum beta 2-microglobulin and serum albumin levels. 183 69

The renal tubular lesion induced by human Bence Jones proteins (BJPs) in the rat was investigated to elucidate the initial role of BJPs in the genesis of renal tubular damage in myeloma kidney. Human BJP extracted from the urine collected from a patient with lambda light chain myeloma was given intraperitoneally to Sprague-Dawley rats with a daily dose of 300 mg/day for 5 days (BJP group, n = 16). Daily urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), which may represent the intensity of tubular damage, was measured. On days 10 and 20 after start of the injection, the kidneys were removed and examined by light and electron microscopy. The renal content of NAG was also measured to estimate the lysosomal activity. Both urinary and renal tissue NAG were significantly higher in the BJP group than in control rats injected with bovine serum albumin (n = 16). The most characteristic changes were found in the proximal tubules of the BJP group; the number and size of lysosomes were increased, and some showed enlargement with autophagic vacuolation. However, these were not found in the control group. There were no obvious changes in the distal tubules in either group, and the glomeruli appeared to be intact. These results suggest that BJP directly damages the proximal tubules via the process of catabolism, resulting in injury to these cells, and that the urinary NAG is a sensitive marker to detect early tubular damage by BJP.
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PMID:Renal tubular lesions induced by human Bence Jones protein in the rat: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase as a sensitive marker. 184 54


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