Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were obtained from hybridoma clones established by cell fusion between P3X63Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells of mice or rats hyperimmunized against human bladder cancer tissue or BC47 rat bladder cancer cells. RBS-31 and RBS-85 mouse MAbs and RBA-1 rat MAb were raised against BC47 cells and HBP-1 MAb was raised against human bladder cancer tissues. Urinary antigens detected by these MAbs were quantitatively assayed by means of ELISA using 50 microliters of 1:2 diluted urine samples. The cut-off value of the assay was set up as the mean + 4 X SD of the mean using data from the healthy individual urine samples. The reactivity of all healthy control urine samples were under the cut-off value (negative). By contrast, urine from bladder cancer patients reacted positively with the RBS-31 MAb at 72%, with the RBS-85 MAb at 63%, with the RBA-1 MAb at 51% and with the HBP-1 MAb at 35%. The urine samples from some patients with renal calculi, acute cystitis or complicated urinary tract infections showed only a weak reactivity with our MAbs. As for extra-bladder cancers, some patients with renal, renal pelvis, prostate or ureter cancer, but no patients with esophageal, gastric, colon or liver cancer or leukemia, had reactive urinary antigens.
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PMID:Increase in murine monoclonal-antibody-defined urinary antigens in patients with bladder cancer and benign urogenital disease. 267 68

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 19,000 persons with initial cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Significant excesses for all second cancers were observed among patients with leukemia (34%), Hodgkin's disease (70%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25%), and multiple myeloma (24%). In general, the risk of second cancers was greater in males than in females, even for cohorts not showing an excess of surveillance-related prostate cancer. Among patients with leukemia, significant excesses of cancers of the lung, kidney/ureter, and prostate were noted; cutaneous melanoma was elevated only in males. These excesses did not persist in the small number of long-term survivors. Possible etiologic factors included tobacco smoking for lung and kidney cancers, medical surveillance artifact for prostate cancer, and immunosuppression for malignant melanoma and lung cancer. The large number and good prognoses of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia strongly influenced the pattern of second cancers when all leukemias were analyzed together; no evidence was found for an increased risk of second cancer in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A disproportionate number of subsequent cancers, particularly those of the kidney and ureter, were diagnosed incidentally at autopsy. Patients with Hodgkin's disease displayed significant excesses of cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, lung, female breast, and thyroid. The latter 3 sites remained significantly elevated in long-term survivors (10 yr or more postdiagnosis), so that radiation therapy may have contributed to their development. Among persons with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancers of the stomach, lung, brain, and connective tissue occurred excessively. The first 3 sites, plus cancers of the urinary bladder, remained elevated among long-term survivors. The brain cancer excess, not previously reported, may represent misclassification of central nervous system lymphoma. The risk of gastric cancer is reminiscent of similar findings in patients with both acquired and genetically determined immunodeficiency disorders. The alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, used extensively in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is known to cause bladder cancer in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 98

The role of the kidney in the catabolism of Bence Jones proteins, intact IgG molecules, and isolated L chains, Fab and Fc fragments of IgG, was studied. The proteins were purified, radioiodinated, and their survival times measured in nephrectomized, ureter-severed, and control mice. Active endogenous catabolism was the major factor in overall Bence Jones metabolism since excretion as proteinuria accounted for less than 25% of the total metabolism. The survival times of lambda- and kappa-type human Bence Jones proteins and the Bence Jones protein produced by mice with MPC-2 plasma cell tumor were exceedingly short in both unoperated and ureter-severed mice, with 50% of the injected protein catabolized in from 0.8-1.6 hr. In contrast, the survival of Bence Jones protein was markedly prolonged in nephrectomized animals, with 50% of the injected dose catabolized in from 9 to 17 hr. This ten-fold decrease in catabolic rate indicates that the kidneys are the major site of breakdown of Bence Jones proteins. Similar studies with other proteins indicated that the kidneys are also the major site for catabolism of isolated L chains but not of intact IgG molecules. The Fc immunoglobulin fragment was not catabolized and the Fab fragment only partially catabolized by the kidney. When ureter-severed animals were allowed to develop advanced uremia before being studied, the survival of Bence Jones protein was greatly prolonged, indicating that the catabolic process is impaired in the presence of uremia. The nature of this renal catabolism remains unknown. These observations suggest that the Bence Jones proteins and L chains observed in the urine of patients may reflect only a small fraction of such molecules synthesized by these patients. Furthermore, they provide an explanation for the prolongation of Bence Jones protein survival and the development of Bence Jones proteinemia observed in subjects with multiple myeloma and impaired renal function.
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PMID:The role of the kidney in the catabolism of Bence Jones proteins and immunoglobulin fragments. 416 39

The mortality experience of firefighters has been an active topic of investigation. Collateral toxicological evidence suggests that certain causes of death are likely to be associated with firefighting: lung cancer, heart disease, and obstructive pulmonary disease. To date there has not been a clear and consistent demonstration of excess risk due to occupational exposure for these outcomes, but certain other cancers, including genitourinary, colon and rectum, and leukemias, lymphomas, and myeloma, appear to be consistently elevated. A major unproven hypothesis is that risk increased following the introduction, in the 1950s of combustible plastic furnishing and building materials known to generate toxic combustion products. Mortality by cause of death was examined for two cohorts totalling 3,328 firefighters active from 1927 to 1987 in Edmonton and Calgary, the two major urban centers in the province of Alberta, Canada, examining associations with cohort (before and after the 1950s) and years of service weighted by exposure opportunity. The study attained 96% follow-up of vital status and over 64,983 person-years of observation, yielding 370 deaths. Mortality from all causes was close to the expected standardized mortality ratio (96; 95% confidence limits (CL) 87, 107) as was that for heart disease (110; 95% CL 92, 131), and neither was statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level (N.S.). Excesses were observed for all malignant neoplasms (127; 95% CL 102, 155, p < 0.05) and for cancer of lung (142; 95% CL 91, 211, N.S.), bladder (315; 95% CL 86, 808, N.S.), kidney and ureter (414; 95% CL 166, 853, p < 0.05), colon and rectum (161; 95% CL 88, 271, N.S.), pancreas (155; 95% CL 50, 362, N.S.) and leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma (127; 95% CL 61, 233, N.S.); obstructive pulmonary diseases (157; 95% CL 79, 281, N.S.). Fire-related causes showed a marked excess (486; 95% CL 233, 895, p < 0.01), but external causes overall showed a significant deficit (66; 95% CL 49, 87, p < 0.05). The lung cancer excess was confined to Edmonton; there was no consistent association with duration of employment, exposure opportunity, or cohort of entry (before or after the 1950s) except that the highest risk was observed among Edmonton firefighters with over 35 weighted years. The excess of cancers of the urinary tract was observed mostly among firefighters entering service after 1950, appeared to increase with length of service and exposure opportunity, and was observed in both cities. An occupational association with heart disease and chronic pulmonary disease is not supported in this study on this population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Mortality of urban firefighters in Alberta, 1927-1987. 832 77

The clinical charts of 2560 HIV-infected patients seen in our Unit between 01/89 and 08/01 were reviewed. All patients with a neoplasm were analysed to study the prevalence of tumours other than Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or cancer of the cervix. There were 43 unusual malignant tumours: 13 lung cancers, six leukaemias, six skin cancers, two carcinomas of the conjunctiva, two cancers of the penis, three of the anus, three of the larynx, one sarcoma of the ureter, one gastric carcinoid, one non-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, one non-differentiated prostate carcinoma, one cancer of the tongue, one cancer of the bladder, one adenocarcinoma of the rectum and one multiple IgM myeloma. Thirteen (43.3%) of the patients died, 10 (76.9%) from causes related to the tumour itself. These results suggest that HIV-infected patients have a higher prevalence of some neoplasms than the general population.
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PMID:Unusual malignant tumours in patients with HIV infection. 1239 36

Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of disorders and may be classified as systemic or localized on the basis of the distribution of amyloid deposition. Infrequently, the urinary tract and supporting retroperitoneum may be involved, and the imaging findings are nonspecific and diverse. Localized amyloidosis usually involves the bladder and often mimics malignancy. Less frequently, the ureter, renal pelvis, and urethra are involved. The most common findings of amyloid deposition are focal or diffuse wall thickening in the urinary tract with intramural calcification that often results in ureteral obstruction. When the renal parenchyma is involved, patients generally develop nephrotic-range proteinuria, and the kidneys appear atrophic with cortical thinning. In systemic amyloidosis, amyloid may infiltrate the retroperitoneal and pelvic soft tissues, encasing the urinary tract, with diffuse soft-tissue thickening and slowly progressive calcification. In both localized and systemic amyloidosis, amyloid lesions are characteristically hypointense at T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Because myeloma or lymphoma is often present with systemic amyloidosis, biopsy is necessary to diagnose the condition. Amyloid lymphadenopathy characteristically appears as nodal enlargement with calcification and low attenuation at computed tomography. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of amyloidosis that, in the appropriate clinical context, may indicate the diagnosis.
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PMID:Imaging evaluation of amyloidosis of the urinary tract and retroperitoneum. 2199 82

As the prevalence of prostate cancer in Germany is increasing, the issue of subsequent primary cancer (SPC) becomes more relevant. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk and its changes over time of developing SPC among prostate cancer patients compared with the general male population in Bavaria, southern Germany. Utilizing data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry Bavaria, the risk of SPC was evaluated in 59 259 men with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2008 who contributed 159 892 person-years. The relative and absolute risk of developing SPC were calculated using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the excess absolute risk. Changes in the risk were examined by plotting the SIR and its 95% confidence interval against time after the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The overall risk of SPC was significantly increased by 14% compared with the general male population. With regard to specific cancer types, a significantly increased risk of SPC was found for the urinary bladder, kidney, pancreas, melanoma of skin, leukemia, myeloma, brain/nervous system, renal pelvis/ureter, thyroid, and the small intestine. The absolute risk of SPC for most cancer types, however, was below 10 cases per 10 000 person-years. A significantly decreased risk of SPC was found in the lung/bronchus and the liver. Although detection bias cannot be excluded as a contributing factor for our results, we recommend continuing follow-up care of prostate cancer patients particularly with respect to SPC of the urinary system as a precaution.
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PMID:Risk of subsequent primary cancer among prostate cancer patients in Bavaria, Germany. 2243 33