Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and diagnostic features of 29 adult patients with H. influenzae septic arthritis are reviewed. Twelve men and 17 women ranging in age from 22 to 82 years developed the infection. H. influenzae septic arthritis is an acute, febrile disease with a mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis of 4 days. Fifteen patients had monoarticular arthritis, 6 with an infected knee. Polyarticular involvement, with a range of 2 to 9 joints, was diagnosed in 14 patients. Nineteen patients had concurrent extraarticular sites of infection, including meningitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and cellulitis. Twenty-two of 29 patients had predisposing factors for infection, including ethanolism, trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, splenectomy, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, gout, and acquired common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. Characteristic synovial fluid findings included purulent, greenish fluid, elevated WBC count, and gram-negative pleomorphic microorganisms. Treatment for these patients included antibiotic therapy, most often ampicillin and chloramphenicol, and joint drainage by repeated arthrocentesis or arthrotomy. A favorable outcome was reported in 25 of 29 patients. Hemophilus influenzae septic arthritis should be suspected in adults who are immunocompromised and have a concurrent extraarticular source of infection.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae septic arthritis in adults. A report of four cases and a review of the literature. 348 37

Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases may be important virulence factors of certain bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of meningitis, gonorrhea, destructive periodontal diseases, and some other infections affecting mucosal membranes. This study evaluated the antigen-binding activity of free Fab alpha fragments released from human myeloma IgA1 by IgA1 protease from Haemophilus influenzae. Six myeloma proteins with antibody activity against streptolysin O, alpha-staphylolysin, or streptococcal hyaluronidase were used. Complete cleavage of the IgA1 myeloma proteins in the hinge region of the heavy chain did not affect their antigen-binding capacity. The titers of neutralizing activity associated with free Fab alpha fragments were not significantly different from those of the intact IgA1 proteins. The retained antigen-binding capacity of cleaved IgA1 is an important factor in the understanding of how IgA1 proteases may interfere with the immune protection of mucosal membranes.
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PMID:Retained antigen-binding activity of Fab alpha fragments of human monoclonal immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) cleaved by IgA1 protease. 351 53

A solid phase immunoassay utilizing avidin-biotin binding has been developed for measuring anticapsular polysaccharide antibodies. Capsular polysaccharides of Escherichia coli K1, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Staphylococcus aureus types 5 and 8, and levan from Aerobacter levanicum have been biotinylated through -OH or COOH groups with retention of antigenicity. Polysaccharides were immobilized on avidin-coated microtiter wells for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibody. Two preparations of biotinylated S. aureus type 8 polysaccharide were equivalent as antigens in ELISA. Specificity was demonstrated by absorption of antisera, by competitive inhibition with purified antigens, and by reaction with specific monoclonal or myeloma antibodies. Reproducibility of the assay for H. influenzae type b and S. aureus type 8 antibody was demonstrated by replicate titrations of high and low level antisera.
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PMID:An avidin-biotin based ELISA for quantitation of antibody to bacterial polysaccharides. 390 Feb 15

Human splenic lymphocytes were fused with a new mutant human myeloma cell line (HFB-1) to produce hybridomas that secrete human monoclonal antibodies. A cloned hybridoma line was selected that secretes IgG antibodies reactive with Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitolphosphate (PRP) capsular polysaccharide. This human monoclonal antibody was active in an in-vitro neutrophil-mediated bactericidal assay, and provided significant protection in an animal model of H. influenzae type b disease. Human monoclonal antibody to H. influenzae type b may have prophylactic value in man, particularly in infants who do not produce protective antibody after active immunisation with PRP.
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PMID:Antibacterial activity of a human monoclonal antibody to haemophilus influenzae type B capsular polysaccharide. 612 67

Hybridomas were produced from spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with a membrane preparation from Neisseria meningitidis group A strain 4402 and S194/5.XXOBU.14 myeloma cells. The hybridomas were screened for secretion of antibodies suitable for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) diagnostic for group A meningococcal meningitis. One hybridoma antibody, 3G7, was directed against the pilus protein. This antibody bound to all six lipopolysaccharide and protein group A meningococcal serotyping strains, as well as to meningococcal strains from serogroups C, W135, and Y, but not to a strain of Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae type b, or to two or more strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Salmonella typhi. The ELISA used on antibody, antigen, antibody-conjugate sandwich. Rabbit anti-meningococcal serum was the coating antibody for the antibody sandwich, cerebrospinal fluids contained the bacterial antigens, and 3G7-alkaline phosphatase conjugate was the detecting antibody. The monoclonal antibody conjugate ELISA system was able to detect group A meningococcal antigens in 21 of 25 cerebrospinal fluid specimens that were positive in an immune rabbit serum conjugate ELISA; cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with Haemophilus meningitis served as the controls. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis detected meningococcal antigens in 16 of the same 25 cerebrospinal fluid samples.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a monoclonal antibody for detecting group A meningococcal antigens in cerebrospinal fluid. 614 55

The production of monoclonal antibodies of human origin may represent a significant advance in immunotherapy for disease in humans. Although human monoclonal antibody has been produced from human lymphocytes by fusion with human myeloma cell lines or by Epstein-Barr viral transformation, fusion of postimmunization human lymphocytes with a mouse myeloma cell line is a relatively simple and reproducible alternative. Mouse-human hybrid cell lines were obtained in 205 (53%) of the microtiter wells initially seeded. Thirty-one (15%) of these hybrid cell lines secreted antibody of predefined specificity. Cloning was attempted with eight of the hybrid cell lines, and long-term antibody production was established in four of the lines: two hybridomas secreted antibody to the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b, one secreted antibody to tetanus toxoid, and one secreted antibody to diphtheria toxin. The production of mouse-human hybridomas appears to be a reliable method for obtaining human monoclonal antibody of predefined specificity.
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PMID:Reproducible production of protective human monoclonal antibodies by fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes with a mouse myeloma cell line. 660 95

Of 30 bacterial species tested 18 stimulated DNA synthesis in human blood lymphocytes. The maximum response was after 3-4 days of culture suggesting a mitogenic effect. This was confirmed by the induction of polyclonal antibody production shown by a plaque assay. Most bacterial species increased the DNA synthesis in B-enriched lymphocytes and unseparated lymphocytes but had negligible activity on T-enriched lymphocytes. Among bacteria with a mitogenic effect and ability to induce polyclonal antibody production are Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus group A and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In an attempt to define structure (s) on the B-lymphocyte surface responsible for the lymphocyte stimulation the binding of IgD, IgM, and HLA-A, -B and HLA-D antigens to different bacterial species was investigated. A high IgD binding to N. catarrhalis and H. influenzae and a moderate binding of IgD to streptococci was found. Binding studies employing radiolabelled IgD Fab- and Fc-fragments indicated that the binding probably involves the CHl-region of the IgD molecule. Three purified radiolabelled myeloma IgM M-components were all shown to be efficiently bound to many bacteria indicating that a part of the IgM molecule other than the antigen-combining site can be involved in attachment to bacteria. Highly purified detergent-solubilized HLA-A, -B and HLA-D antigens, when separately incorporated into liposomes, were bound efficiently to two strains of N. catarrhalis and to one strain of H. influenzae weakly to one strain of E. coli, but not at all to another strain E. coli. Preliminary experiments indicate that these bacteria-immunoglobulin and bacteria-HLA-antigen interactions lead to lymphocyte stimulation.
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PMID:Bacteria-immunoglobulin-lymphocyte interactions--new aspects. 693 74

Haemophilus influenzae is an uncommon but important cause of lobar pneumonia, specifically in patients whose host defence mechanisms are impaired by unrecognized underlying diseases. A case of H. influenzae lobar pneumonia in a patient with underlying multiple myeloma is presented. The clinical features, treatment and procedures which aid in making the diagnosis are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae lobar pneumonia with underlying multiple myeloma: a case report. 696 27

Since the 1960s, gram-negative bacilli have become commoner pathogens than Streptococcus pneumoniae in multiple myeloma. To investigate this trend, we analyzed 75 bacterial infections in 57 patients with myeloma. Episodes of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae occurred at presentation, early in the disease, and in patients responding to chemotherapy. Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus caused 80% of infections seen after diagnosis and 92% of deaths from infection. Episodes of infection with gram-negative bacteria occurred in patients with active and advancing disease and in those responding to chemotherapy when neutropenia. Impaired antibody production may be the major immune defect leading to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae infections whereas some additional factor or factors related to disease activity appear to predispose to gram-negative infection in myeloma.
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PMID:Biphasic pattern of bacterial infection in multiple myeloma. 697 44

Monoclonal antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b were produced by fusing splenic lymphocytes from immunized C57BL/6 mice with the mouse myeloma line P3-X63-Ag8.653. The antibody produced by one hybridoma (5M1H9) bound the capsular polysaccharide, as determined by a radiolabeled antigen-binding assay. The antibody was of the IgM class and was bactericidal in vitro with complement. The protective and therapeutic capacity of antibody 5M1H9 was examined in the infant rat model of H. influenzae type b disease. Antibody (0.1 ml), either undiluted or diluted 1:2, 1:10, or 1:100, administered 4 hr before intraperitoneal injection of 10(4)-10(5) H. influenzae type b organisms protected 100%, 90%,. 55% and 10% of the animals, respectively. To determine the efficacy of antibody 5M1H9 in treating established infection, antibody was given at 24-hr intervals after intraperitoneal injection of bacteria. Delayed administration of antibody 5M1H9 was effective in reducing both the level and incidence of bacteremia.
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PMID:Protection from infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b by monoclonal antibody to the capsule. 698 Sep 57


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