Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CD5 antigen is present on all normal alpha beta T cells and some B cells. Human NK cells do not usually express CD5 antigen, but we found a novel subset of CD5LOW (low density of CD5) positive (CD5LOW+) natural killer cells (NK cells) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and plasmacytoma. To detect CD5LOW+NK cells, we examined the lymphocytes of 23 patients with MM and plasmacytoma by flow cytometry. Five out of 23 patients had CD5LOW+NK populations. These patients had many more NK cells than the other patients in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The CD5LOW+NK cells had CD2, low density of CD8, CD16 and CD56, but no CD3, CD19, or CD20. Most of the CD5LOW+NK cells had HLA-DR, unlike the CD5-NK cells. Sorted CD5LOW+CD16+ populations were large granular lymphocytes (LGL). The CD5LOW+NK cells had some lytic activity on K562 cells in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay. Our results indicate that there is a novel subset of NK cells in some patients with MM and plasmacytoma and that CD5LOW+NK cells may be associated with NK cell activation.
 ...
PMID:The increase of CD5LOW+NK cells in patients with multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. 751 40

RHAMM (Receptor for HA Mediated Motility) is a novel HA receptor that has been linked to regulating cell locomotion and density dependent contact inhibition of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, astrocytes and sperm. The ubiquitous expression of RHAMM suggests the existence of multiple isoforms, and indeed, RHAMM is found in various cellular compartments, namely nuclear, cytosolic, membrane-bound and extracellular. In this review, we emphasize the evolving role of RHAMM in B cell malignancies, and examine the function of RHAMM in T cell development in the thymic microenvironment. Both the motile behaviour of progenitor thymocytes (CD3-CD4-CD8-) and malignant B cells from multiple myeloma (MM), plasma cell leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia was blocked by monoclonal antibodies to RHAMM, suggesting that motility may correlate with increased expression of RHAMM at the cell surface. Interestingly, the soluble form of RHAMM is able to inhibit fibroblast locomotion, and it is likely that a balance between expression of both forms determines, in part the motility of cells. RHAMM appears to play a fundamental role in the immune system and the ability of RHAMM to function as a motility receptor is likely to be due to complex variables including the extent to which soluble RHAMM is secreted. RHAMM expression characterizes circulating monoclonal B cells as abnormal. potentially invasive and/or metastatic components of myeloma and may underlie the malignant behavior of these cells.
 ...
PMID:RHAMM, a receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility, on normal human lymphocytes, thymocytes and malignant B cells: a mediator in B cell malignancy? 752 76

The immunoreactivity of paraffin embedded bone marrow biopsies (BMB) was studied following a one step 20-hour-fixation-decalcification in Lowy formalin mercuric chlorid acid solution which permits excellent histological stainings. Antibodies reactive with myeloid, megakaryocytic, erythroid cells, T and B lymphocytes, mastocytes and metastatic cells were compared. Nearly all antibodies working on paraffin sections were demonstrated on Lowy FMA fixed BMB. Special care was taken to define an optimal working dilution. Trypsinization was not necessary. A slide microwave pre-treatment appeared essential before testing CD20 L26, CD8, CD3, CD34, MB1 Kappa and Lambda antibodies. It was suitable for UCHL1, LN2, CD30 antibodies. The same fixative allowed an m RNA Kappa or Lambda in myeloma and EBER 1 EBV RNAs in HIV lymphoma visualization by in situ hybridization. The safety handling of the toxic mercuric chloride component is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Bone marrow one step fixation-decalcification in Lowy FMA solution: an immunohistological and in situ hybridization study. 754 Jul 53

In the course of transient expression studies undertaken to determine the location of the mouse CD8b gene promoter, two additional promoter activities were detected within 600 nucleotides upstream of the gene. One activity directs transcription in the same direction as CD8b but fails to transcribe the CAT reporter gene due to an apparent transcription-blocking element lying between it and the gene. The second activity directs transcription opposite to that of the CD8b gene. Northern hybridization with a probe consisting of nucleotides -875 to -550 relative to the site of CD8b transcription initiation revealed hybridizing species of 4 kilobases (kb) and 1.8 kb in poly-A-selected RNA from mouse thymus but not from any other tissues. Similar RNA species were detected in poly-A+ RNA from concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells and several long-term CTL lines but not from the EL4 or BW5147 T-cell lines or the J558L myeloma. The mRNA species were most abundant in cells of a secondary mixed leukocyte culture which were greater than 95% CD8(+). Northern hybridizations using single-stranded unidirectional probes indicated that these mRNAs represent transcription opposite to the CD8b gene. The tissue and cell type distribution of this newly-discovered gene (designated Bop for CD8b opposite) are consistent with T-cell-specific and possibly CD8-positive T-cell-specific expression. The head-to-head arrangement of the Bop and CD8b genes is reminiscent of the arrangement of the Tap1 and Lmp2 genes, and the expression of the Bop gene in CD8-positive cells raises the possibility that these genes are involved in the same functional pathway.
 ...
PMID:Bop: a new T-cell-restricted gene located upstream of and opposite to mouse CD8b. 759 Sep 68

Serial blood and marrow specimens from eight adult recipients of sex-mismatched transplants (BMT) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, n = 3), Ewing sarcoma (n = 1), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in second remission (n = 1), acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL, n = 1) and multiple myeloma (n = 2) were analyzed by the simultaneous immunophenotypic CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD34, CD10 and genotypic analysis (for X and Y chromosomes). This combined technique of moAb/APAAP staining for cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of sex chromosomes allowed the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of mixed chimerism and/or relapse. Using the same slides for moAb/APAAP and FISH allowed the simultaneous identification of the cell lineage, the lymphocyte subpopulation and the genotype (XX or YX) in every blood or BM specimen analyzed. A mixed chimerism in the T cell (CD4, CD8+: median 26% host cells, range 5-44%) and in the myelomonocytic cell population (CD14+ median 16% host cells, range 5-50%) was observed at day +7 after BMT. By days +14 to +18 this mixed chimerism was reduced to 18% host T cells (range 5-50%) and 7% host myelomonocytic cells (range 0-20%). Beyond days +21 to +28 a stable donor chimerism for T cells, myelomonocytic cells and granulocytes was observed in seven of eight patients. Still 0.5-1% host cells of different lineages were detectable in five from the eight patients at later time points (> day + 100). In three patients with CML these cells were CD13 or CD13, CD34 positive and in one was CD4, CD8 positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Detection of mixed chimerism and leukemic relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in subpopulations of leucocytes by fluorescent in situ hybridization in combination with the simultaneous immunophenotypic analysis of interphase cells. 774 54

Plasma levels of soluble CD8 (sCD8) and soluble CD4 (sCD4) in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and hematological disorders were studied. In IM patients, a marked increase in sCD8 (22, 366 +/- 2,702U/ml, control: 219 +/- 10U/ml, p < 0.0001) and significant increase in sCD4 (19.3 +/- 0.9, control: 8.1 +/- 0.2, p < 0.0001) strongly suggest activation of both CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes, which is important in restraining Epstein-Barr virus-infected B lymphocytes. We showed that the elevation of plasma sCD8 is due to expansion of CD8+ subset as well as increased sCD8 release from each CD8+ cell. Increased sCD4 release from CD4+ lymphocytes was also seen. During convalescence sCD8 and sCD4 levels showed progressive decrease; however, even at 60-120 days after onset the levels of sCD8 and sCD4 remained higher than normal, suggesting prolonged lymphocyte activation. In hematological malignancies, elevated serum levels of sCD4 and sCD8 were found in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), acute lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Levels of sCD4 and sCD8 in patients with NHL reflect disease status and are useful in monitoring disease activity.
 ...
PMID:[Soluble lymphocyte antigens in hematological diseases]. 778 31

Idiotype-specific T cells were characterized in patients with multiple myeloma stage I by analysing idiotype-induced DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation), IL-2 and IFN-gamma production at the single cell level (ELISPOT) (in vitro tests) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction (in vivo test). In seven out of eight patients at least one of the four tests was positive. In five patients three or more tests were positive. One patient was negative in all four tests. Six patients had both IL-2 and IFN-gamma-secreting cells and three of them also a DTH response. Furthermore, those three patients with a proliferative response also had IL-2 and IFN-gamma-secreting cells induced by the idiotype. The data indicate that part of the idiotype-specific T cell fraction belongs to the CD4 Th1 cell population. Whether CD8-specific T cells also were present could not be ruled out. The present study provides further support for the existence of idiotype-specific T cells in multiple myeloma. Such cells might be an important target for an immune-mediated therapeutic approach.
 ...
PMID:Idiotype-specific T cells in multiple myeloma stage I: an evaluation by four different functional tests. 783 49

Polymorphic epithelial mucin (MUC1) was detected in myeloma cells and in sera of multiple myeloma patients. HLA-unrestricted CTL that recognize tumor-associated epitopes on MUC1 has been shown to be induced from breast and pancreas cancer patients. To investigate whether such CTL can also be induced from multiple myeloma patients, an allogeneic mixed leukocyte tumor cell culture was performed. PBMCs of a multiple myeloma patient were stimulated by different allogeneic breast carcinoma and myeloma cell lines. The cultured PBMCs were proliferated and a CTL line TN was established. TN exclusively expressed TCR-alpha/beta, CD3, and CD8. TN lysed breast carcinoma and myeloma cell lines but did not lyse K562, which is sensitive to NK cells. The cytotoxicity of TN was inhibited by anti-CD3 Abs but not by anti-HLA Abs. Thus, the TCR-alpha/beta was considered to be involved in the recognition of the target cells but HLA was not. Furthermore, TN lysed transformed mouse fibroblast cells transfected with MUC1 cDNA, suggesting that this CTL line recognizes MUC1 directly. Thus, it is concluded that precursors of HLA-unrestricted and anti-MUC1 reactive CTL could exist in the peripheral blood of multiple myeloma patients and that myeloma cells can express epitopes on MUC1, which can be recognized by the CTL.
 ...
PMID:Expression of MUC1 on myeloma cells and induction of HLA-unrestricted CTL against MUC1 from a multiple myeloma patient. 805 15

The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter gene superfamily and may be partially responsible for clinical drug resistance. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure MRP mRNA in normal hematopoietic cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood as well as patients with high risk acute myelocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. All normal peripheral blood cells, regardless of cell lineage (CD4, CD8, CD14, CD15, CD19, CD56), expressed a similar basal level of MRP mRNA. Specimens from bone marrow containing mixed lineages also expressed a similar basal level of MRP expression. In patients with acute myelocytic leukemia, 10 of 12 (83%) of the specimens had detectable MRP mRNA, but the level of expression was similar to that of normal blood cells and low compared to a cell line known to overexpress MRP (H69/AR). All myeloma patients (12 of 12) had detectable MRP mRNA expression at levels comparable to normal peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. We conclude that MRP is commonly expressed in normal hematopoietic cells as well as certain hematopoietic malignancies. The therapeutic relevance of MRP expression is unknown, but these studies emphasize the importance of measuring MRP expression in normal cells as a point of reference and comparison for detection in malignant cells. We also recommend obtaining sequential specimens from patients, which may reveal an increased expression of MRP from baseline as the disease progresses and becomes resistant.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) messenger RNA in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. 806 63

Using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique, plasma cells from multiple myeloma (MM, 23 cases), plasma cell leukemia (PCL, 2 cases) and reactive plasmacytosis (RP, 13 cases) were immunophenotyped with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAb). The results showed that McAbCD38 was strongly positive in high percentage of MM and RP cases and the CD9 was the next. 9/23 MM expressed CD10. Our results might indirectly support that CD10 is a malignant marker of MM with poor prognosis, a concept proposed by Durie. The results were (1) all RP but 1 acute monocytic leukemia related to RP were CD10 negative. (2) In our series 2 cases of plasma cell leukemia (PCL) expressed CD10; (3) 4 MM cases survived more than 2 years were CD10 negative. A few MM cases also expressed other surface markers of pre-B and B lymphocyte, such as CD19, CD20, CD22, HLA-DR, cytoplasmic mu chain. CD20 was positive in 4/21 MM and negative in all RP cases. 7/22 MM expressed HLA-DR, and 1/13 RP did so, among them there was a significant difference. HLA-DR seems to be another malignant marker of plasma cells. 1 MM expressed CD8, and 1 PCL highly expressed CD4 indicating PCL might be heterogeneous. Lymphoid stem cells may be involved in MM and PLC. We conclude that multiple myeloma cells have different immunophenotypes and CD10, CD20 and HLA-DR may help to differentiate MM from RP.
 ...
PMID:[Preliminary study of immunophenotype of multiple myeloma cells]. 817 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>