Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

SLL's were tested by turbidometric assay on 33 male patients with multiple myeloma with three to 58 tests (mean 11) for each patient over a 7-year period. The age of the patients ranged from 31 to 83 years, with a median age of 58 years. SLL's in the normal controls were 14.4 +/- 3.5 microgram/ml. Patients with myeloma had a median lysozyme level of 16 microgram/ml and mean of 16.5. The SLL's in patients with lgG1,2,3,4, Iga, and kappa and lambda light-chain myeloma were similar. Slightly higher mean SLL'S were noted in older patients. Patients with severe renal disease also had higher SLL'S. No significant changes in SLL's were seen during infections or during mild granulocytopenia (granulocyte count greater than 500 cells/mm3). In severe granulocytopenia (granulocyte count less than 500 cells/mm3) the SLL's decreased and returned to normal levels when the white blood cell counts improved. In eight patients surviving for more than 5 years, the SLL's were not different from those of the other patients. SLL values in patients with multiple myeloma did not differ significantly by statistical test from those of controls when those patients with impaired renal function are excluded.
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PMID:Serum lysozyme in multiple myeloma. 40 95

A quantitative antiglobulin consumption technique was used to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) present on human granulocytes. Granulocytes from 50 normal subjects had less than 20 X 10(-14) g IgG per cell. Patients with granulocytopenia due to bone-marrow failure, patients with IgG multiple myeloma, patients with splenomegaly, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis without granulocytopenia had granulocyte-bound IgG within the range of normal. Four patients with rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and severe granulocytopenia (Felty's syndrome) had granulocyte-bound IgG between 30 and 220 X 10(-14) g IgG per cell. One of these patients underwent splenectomy, after which his granulocyte-bound IgG fell to normal. Seven additional patients with Felty's syndrome who had previously undergone splenectomy had normal levels of granulocyte-bound IgG. Thus quantitation of granulocyte-bound IgG appears to be useful in defining patients with immunologically mediated granulocytopenia. Studies of patients with Felty's syndrome who have undergone splenectomy suggest that the spleen may produce this neutrophile-bound immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Felty's syndrome: granulocyte-bound immunoglobulin G and splenectomy. 97 Jul 68

A human cell line established in culture from a histiocytic lymphoma patient synthesizes and secretes the monocyte-granulocyte specific enzyme lysozyme. 18 other human cell lines with characteristics of T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, Burkitt's lymphoma, non-Burkitt's lymphoma, myeloma, and bone marrow epithelial cells were not associated with lysozyme. Among murine cell lines, lysozyme was produced by (a) three histiocytic lymphoma or macrophage lines, which mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis and cytolysis; (b) myelomonocytic leukemia line which also secretes myeloid colony-stimulating factor; and (c) a spontaneous lymphoma and an Abelson leukemia virus-induced lymphoma. Lysozyme-negative lines include another Abelson lymphoma, myelomas, T lymphomas, and mastocytoma.
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PMID:Lysozyme synthesis by established human and murine histiocytic lymphoma cell lines. 108 90

Infusion of cycloheximide i.v., an antibiotic known to inhibit synthesis of protein, at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, reliably caused lysis of fever in 15 chronically febrile patients with Hodgkin's disease who did not have detectable bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. Antipyretic effects were also seen in some patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, acute leukemia, histiocytic medullary reticulosis, plasma cell myeloma, carcinoma of the lung, and carcinoma of the cervix. The drug failed to produce defervescence in four patients with normal granulocyte reserves, who were febrile due to bacterial infection. When infused at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, the drug apparently caused an acute alteration of protein metabolism in man in that plasma amino acid nitrogen rose acutely while plasma levels of muramidase and ribonuclease fell during the period of the infusion. The data suggest that continuing synthesis of protein may be involved in nonbacterial fever of neoplastic disease. Mammalian granulocytes and monocytes are known to elaborate a pyrogenic protein following appropriate stimulation; it is suggested that in some types of neoplastic disease, particularly Hodgkin's disease, tumor cells may produce and release a pyrogenic protein and that drug-induced inhibition of its synthesis is responsible for the observed lysis of fever.
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PMID:Antipyretic effect of cycloheximide, and inhibitor of protein synthesis, in patients with Hodgkin's disease or other malignant neoplasms. 109 49

In a retrospective study we investigated the development of HLA antibodies in patients who received platelet concentrates from cell separators. 118 hematological/oncological patients from the Frankfurt University Clinics were investigated. They received between 4 and 66 platelet concentrates for the duration of 30 months. All patients had a negative antibody screening on admission. 31% developed either transient (15%) or permanent (16%) lymphocytotoxic antibodies. The increasing number of platelet transfusions did not correlate with the development of HLA antibodies, but the appearance of these antibodies seemed to be dependent on the disease. Permanent antibodies appeared in 8% of patients with acute leukemia, whereas 38% of patients suffering from CL, lymphoma, MDS and myeloma produced antibodies. Some patients (18) received granulocyte transfusions as well. It is striking that 11% of these patients developed permanent and 28% transient HLA antibodies. There exist no data about recent transfusions or previous pregnancies. To lower the rate of sensitization in patients with diseases such as CL, lymphoma, MDS and myeloma, it should be discussed whether leukocyte-depleted platelet concentrates should be given to these patients.
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PMID:[Development of HLA antibodies in thrombocyte substitution with cell separator products]. 128 49

Modulation of the expression of P-glycoprotein, a plasma membrane protein associated with multidrug resistance, was examined in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumor cells treated with leukoregulin, a M(r) 50,000 cytokine from human lymphocytes that rapidly permeabilizes the plasma membrane of many tumor cells facilitating the uptake of doxorubicin and other tumor-inhibitory antibiotics. P-glycoprotein expression was measured flow cytometrically by the binding of C219 or MRK16 monoclonal antibody to multidrug-sensitive human K562 erythroleukemia and 8226/S myeloma cells, compared to multidrug-resistant 8226/DOX40 myeloma cells. Cells were treated for up to 2 h with up to 80 units of leukoregulin/ml or one of a variety of unrelated cytokines including interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma-interferon, alpha-interferon, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor AA, platelet-derived growth factor BB, insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor II, fibroblast growth factor, or transforming growth factor beta. Leukoregulin caused a concentration-dependent decrease in P-glycoprotein expression; however, P-glycoprotein expression was unaffected by the other cytokines (< 12% decrease in expression). Leukoregulin-induced membrane permeabilization, determined flow cytometrically by intracellular fluorescein efflux, and decreased P-glycoprotein expression occurred simultaneously within 15 min in drug-sensitive and -resistant cells. Enhanced doxorubicin uptake, measured flow cytometrically by doxorubicin influx, was also present within 15 min. Leukoregulin enhancement of doxorubicin uptake and increased membrane permeability varied directly with the decrease in P-glycoprotein expression. Leukoregulin in combination with doxorubicin enhanced the inhibition of cell proliferation in 8226/DOX40 multidrug-resistant cells over expressing P-glycoprotein. In contrast, combined treatment of HL-60/MX2 multidrug-resistant human promyelocytic leukemia cells that do not overexpress P-glycoprotein in association with their multidrug resistance resulted in no greater growth inhibition than observed with HL-60/MX2 cells treated with doxorubicin alone. This is the first demonstration that a naturally occurring macromolecule with anticancer activities can modulate the expression of P-glycoprotein concomitant with enhanced drug uptake and inhibition of cell proliferation.
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PMID:Decreased P-glycoprotein expression in multidrug-sensitive and -resistant human myeloma cells induced by the cytokine leukoregulin. 135 22

This investigation is retrospective and comprises 20 patients with bone-marrow insufficiency. During the period 1.4.1988-1.3.1991, these patients were treated with erythropoietin (Epo), the granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or the granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Thirteen patients had primary bone-marrow insufficiency: six had the myelodysplastic syndrome, three had primary myelofibrosis, two aplastic anemia and two myelomatosis. On account of dominating symptoms of anemia, five patients received Epo while eight received GM-CSF as part of an extensive clinical trial of this preparation. Seven patients with relapse of the haematological malignant disease had bone-marrow insufficiency and pancytopenia secondary to intensive chemotherapy/irradiation: four of these patients received GM-CSF and two received G-CSF with the object of increasing bone-marrow regeneration and to render further chemotherapy possible. One patient received GM-CSF with the object of improving bone-marrow function after autologous bone-marrow transplantation. Treatment with Epo for ten months combined with treatment with interferon for six months resulted in normalization of the haemoglobin concentration in one patient with bone-marrow insufficiency on account of primary myelofibrosis. Treatment with Epo for briefer periods in lower doses was without effect in four other patients with primary bone-marrow insufficiency. Treatment with GM-CSF and G-CSF resulted in neutrophil leukocytosis in 12 out of 15 patients (80%) and, in six out of 14 patients (43%), increased marrow cellularity was demonstrated by means of histological examination of the bone-marrow. One patient showed normal haemoglobin levels during treatment with GM-CSF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hematopoietic growth factors in primary and therapy-related bone marrow insufficiency]. 137 68

Opsonic glycoprotein, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein concentration was studied in the serum of 753 patients with various hematological, malignant, immunological, metabolic, endocrine and liver diseases and 68 healthy controls. Decreased serum alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein levels were detected in patients with acute leukemias, chronic granulocyte and myelomonocyte leukemias, lymphomas, myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma, metastatizing solid tumors, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, fatty liver, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and Crohn's disease. Elevated levels were measured in patients with B and NANB/C hepatitis. Further decreased levels were observed in some groups with secondary infections. Serum alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein levels are affected by many factors, influencing the synthesis and elimination of the protein. The detection of serum alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein concentration has no specific diagnostic value as a marker for tumors or other diseases, however, its determination can be useful for the assessment of a non-specific regulator of the host defence.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of the determination of serum alpha2-HS-glycoprotein]. 140 55

Studies with cefodizime in animals have shown that this new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, possessing a broad antibacterial spectrum, positively influences a number of immunological parameters. In most investigations in which different dosage regimens were compared, a bell-shaped dose-response relationship was determined, i.e. activity after higher doses returned to near-baseline levels. This finding is typical of most immunomodulating agents. On this basis, the results obtained in healthy subjects were reviewed. Studies for investigating the biological response modifying (BRM) properties of cefodizime have been conducted in this population with either 2 g once daily i.v. or--in the majority--with 2 x 2 g/day i.v. After seven days of treatment with 1 x 2 g daily, no relevant changes could be demonstrated in healthy subjects, whereas there was an increase in monocyte and granulocyte chemotaxis in a parallel group of patients with multiple myeloma. In contrast, treatment with 2 x 2 g daily induced higher lymphocyte responsiveness and significantly increased nonspecific phagocytosis of both neutrophils and monocytes. The experience in healthy volunteers clearly demonstrates that the latter dose, usually the highest required for antibiotic treatment with cefodizime, is still located on the upward slope of the dose-response curve of positive BRM effects.
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PMID:Cefodizime host-defence enhancement: considerations of dose-response relationships in healthy volunteers. 152 78

The effects of cefodizime (CDZ) on non-specific immunity in patients with multiple myeloma were studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 51 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were admitted to the study, 27 of whom received CDZ 2 gi.v. once daily for seven days and 24 ascorbic acid 1 g daily i.v. for one week. Granulocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil biochemiluminescence and phagocytosis were determined at baseline, and at 48 h after the last dose. At baseline, chemiluminescence, phagocytosis and, to a lesser extent, granulocyte chemotaxis were diminished in both patient groups compared to healthy volunteers. After treatment, a significant increase in chemiluminescence and phagocytosis was observed in the CDZ group, while a slight increase in granulocyte chemotaxis did not reach statistical significance. No changes were observed in the control group. It is concluded that CDZ enhanced non-specific immune mechanisms in patients with multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Effects of cefodizime on non-specific immune functions in patients with multiple myeloma. 152 82


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