Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A monoclonal antibody (MoAb), MLuC1, derived from the fusion of P3-X63-Ag 8-U1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from an HR mouse immunized with the carcinoma cell line SW626, was studied to define its reactivity profile on normal and neoplastic human tissues and its potential clinical applications in lung cancer. Evaluation of paraffin sections using the ABC immunoperoxidase method showed a "pan-epithelial" reactivity; a large majority of epithelial components of organs in the respiratory, digestive and urogenital systems (except liver, rectum and ovary) were immunostained. As regard to neoplastic tissues MLuC1 recognized 84% of lung carcinomas (82% of small cell, 100% of squamous cell, 74% of adenocarcinomas), 86% of breast and 62% of ovarian carcinomas. On the contrary, MLuC1 was non-reactive with the other normal and tumoral non-epithelial tissues. Due to its spectrum of reactivity this MoAb could be useful for different diagnostic purposes such as differential diagnosis and lung cancer cytology.
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PMID:Histopathological characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, MLuC1, reacting with lung carcinomas. 284 84

From 1968 to 1983, age-specific cancer mortality for all cancers fell by 2.1% annually for men and women aged 35-44 and rose by 1.1% annually for men and 0.3% for women aged 75-84. In the 75-84 age group brain cancer mortality rose by 8% annually and multiple myeloma by 2.75%. Lung cancer mortality rose in men and women aged 45-84 (by 8.2% annually in 65-74 year-old women) but fell by over 3% annually in men aged 35-44. Stomach cancer declined by 4% annually in 75-84 year-olds and about 3% annually in 55-74 year-olds. These trends do not support the hypothesis that recent increases in specific cancers in the elderly chiefly reflect improved diagnosis of cases that would formerly have been misrepresented or miscoded.
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PMID:Trends in cancer mortality: US white males and females, 1968-83. 289 59

The distribution of mortality from 11 causes of death (lymphoid leukaemia, other leukaemia, leukaemia of all types, Hodgkin's disease, other lymphomas, all lymphomas, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, other malignancies, all malignancies and all other causes) has been examined in three age groups throughout England and Wales over the period 1969-78. The reorganisation of local authority administration in 1974 meant that the smallest areas that could be examined were 400 county districts or (in some cases) approximate county districts formed by aggregating pre-1974 local authority areas. The variation in the numbers of deaths observed about the numbers expected was assessed using log-linear models to estimate the effect on the relative risk in each district associated with social class, rural status, population size, health authority region and proximity to one of 15 nuclear installations. Trends in risk with increasing proximity to an installation (as judged by the proportion of the population resident within 10 miles) were examined after adjustment for the other four variables. The results showed that in districts near to an installation there were significant excess mortalities in persons under 25 years of age from leukaemia (RR = 1.15, P = 0.01) and especially from lymphoid leukaemia (RR 1.21, P = 0.01) and from Hodgkin's disease (RR 1.24, P = 0.05) and a significant deficiency of mortality from lymphoid leukaemia in persons aged 25-64 years. No significant trends were observed with an increasing proportion of the population near to the installations and the greatest excess mortality from lymphoid leukaemia in young persons was observed in the districts with the intermediate proportion of the population (10.0-65.9%) near an installation.
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PMID:Geographical variation in mortality from leukaemia and other cancers in England and Wales in relation to proximity to nuclear installations, 1969-78. 293 Jul 18

Several animal studies have demonstrated that pain is modulated by spinal mechanisms involving prostaglandins and that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) administered intrathecally has an analgesic effect. We report our experience of this treatment in 60 patients with proven and advanced cancer. An isobaric solution of lysine acetylsalicylate was administered by lumbar puncture in doses ranging from 120 to 720 mg of ASA. The results were evaluated using the habitual criteria: scoring system, behaviour, consumption of analgesic drugs. In this trial the method proved astonishingly effective (78% of the cases). Analgesia was strong, almost immediate and without influence on motricity. No thermic or neurovegetative changes were noted. The effect of one injection lasted from 3 weeks to 1 month on average; it was reproduced and often more prolonged after a repeat injection. Pain associated with bone metastases seems to constitute the best indication, notably in breast and lung cancer and in myeloma. Visceral (pancreas) or neural pain requires higher doses to respond. Failures (22%) were due to such factors as insufficient dosage at the very beginning of our experience or severe depressive syndrome. The perineal and sphincteral pain of rectal cancer often resists treatment. This simple, inexpensive and very effective method with no other complication than a frequent tendency to fatigue should rank among other analgesic measures in cancer. The lack of respiratory depression is a major advantage over catheter spinal opiate analgesia. We consider that its main indications are pain associated with osteolytic metastases of adenocarcinomas, and myelomas. Owing to the absence of formal toxicological data, its use must be limited to cancer pain and to patients with a life expectancy of less than 2 years.
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PMID:[Chronic refractory pain in cancer patients. Value of the spinal injection of lysine acetylsalicylate. 60 cases]. 295 75

Monoclonal antibodies to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were produced by fusion of P3X63/AgU1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized against intact cells of SCLC tumors grown in BALB/c athymic nude mice. The antibody TFS-2 demonstrated "pancarcinoma" reactivity showing binding to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and carcinomas derived from other organs such as stomach, pancreas, and colon. This antibody failed to react with a variety of normal tissues including lung, bone marrow, spleen, stomach, colon, and pancreas. TFS-2 showed complement-mediated cytolysis of target cells. TFS-2 had no significant effects on hematopoietic stem cells. This antibody will serve as a powerful tool for the in vitro removal of tumor cells from bone marrow, thus facilitating high-dose chemotherapy of SCLC with autologous bone marrow transplantation. In contrast, TFS-4 monoclonal antibody reacted specifically with SCLC but not with NSCLS tumors. This antibody can distinguish SCLC from NSCLC tumors in histologic diagnosis at transbronchial biopsy, and in cytological identification of tumor cells in malignant effusion, and in infiltrated bone marrow. Radiolabeled TSF-4 specifically accumulated into SCLC tumors that were implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. Thus, the antibody will be useful not only for diagnosis of lung cancer but also for targeting anti-tumor agents.
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PMID:Clinical application of monoclonal antibodies to small cell lung cancer. 299 85

Serum from a 60-year-old man with multiple myeloma (monoclonal IgA-lambda) and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy showed immunohistochemical binding to normal human endoneurium in dilutions up to 1:6000 (IgA = 1 mg/dl). The binding was shown to be specific for IgA-lambda and it was negative for IgA-kappa, IgG and IgM. Absorption of the serum with peripheral myelin eliminated the myelin immunostaining. Peptic digestion of the serum failed to eliminate immunostaining of the endoneurium. Immunoblot analysis revealed reactivity of the monoclonal IgA with 58,000, 43,000 and 18,500 dalton components of human nerve endoneurium. Sera from two patients with monoclonal IgA without peripheral neuropathy, from one patient with peripheral neuropathy and lung cancer, from one patient with stroke and from six normal subjects failed to stain myelin in sections of peripheral nerves or to react in immunoblots at comparable serum concentrations. Axonal staining was seen with some of the control sera. The relationship of the findings to the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma is discussed.
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PMID:Binding of serum IgA of multiple myeloma to normal peripheral nerve. 301 99

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with the human epidermoid lung carcinoma cell line T222 were fused with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells to produce monoclonal antibodies to human lung cancer antigens. Hybridoma culture supernatants were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for reactivity against a panel of human lung tumor cell lines. Supernatant from hybridoma EA1 (immunoglobulin G1) displayed strong reactivity with four of four non-small cell lung carcinomas but did not react with three of three small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines. This hybridoma was cloned by limiting dilution and utilized to generate ascites antibody for subsequent immunohistochemical and antigen characterization studies. Evaluation of fresh frozen tumor tissue sections by immunoperoxidase staining methods revealed EA1 reactivity with the vast majority of non-SCLCs tested (21 of 21 epidermoid, 17 of 18 adenocarcinomas, four of four large cell, two of two bronchioloalveolar) and no reactivity with nine of nine small cell lung carcinomas. EA1 also stained bronchial epithelium and other benign and malignant epithelial tissues. The EA1 antigen was determined to have a molecular weight of 75,000 by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human non-SCLC tumor extracts. These data imply that EA1 recognizes a novel antigen expressed by non-SCLCs and other epithelial tissues. The absence of EA1 reactivity with SCLCs suggests that this monoclonal antibody may find future application in distinguishing non-SCLC from SCLC and prove useful in furthering our understanding of the histogenesis of lung carcinomas.
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PMID:A novel monoclonal antibody-defined antigen which distinguishes human non-small cell from small cell lung carcinomas. 301 95

Spleen cells of Balb/c mice, immunized with gastric cancer cell MGC 803, were fused with murine myeloma cell NS-1. After selective culture, screening and subcloning, a hybridoma PC1 which produced monoclonal antibody (McAb) against MGC 803 cells was obtained. McAb PC1 bound strongly with 3/4 gastric cancer and 1/2 hepatoma cell lines, weakly with another gastric cancer and 2/2 lung cancer cell lines, but did not bind with the autologous and allogenic lymphocytes, ABO red blood cells, human fetal lung fibroblasts and normal bone marrow cells. The binding capacity of McAb PC1 to MGC 803 decreased significantly due to the absorption by MGC 803 cells, but was not affected by lymphocytes and CEA. The corresponding antigen of McAb PC1 was expressed on the surface of MGC 803 cells. It may be a gastric cancer-associated antigen.
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PMID:[Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibody against the gastric cancer cell line MGC 803]. 301 37

In summary, carcinoma is the most frequent cancer that metastasizes to the skin; lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Clinically distinctive patterns of cutaneous metastasis of epithelial origin include alopecia neoplastica, pulsatile nodules, Sister Mary Joseph's nodules, morpheaform, and cellulitis-like lesions. Biopsying these lesions reveals adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or anaplastic carcinoma. The type of histologic pattern seen can be a clue to the organ of origin giving rise to the cutaneous metastasis. Skin that is damaged allows for circulating malignant cells, often of epithelial or leukemic origin, to lodge and proliferate locally (inflammatory oncotaxis). The commonest form of leukemia to affect the skin of elderly males is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, when leukemia involves the mucous membranes, acute myeloid leukemia (acute monocytic and acute myelomonocytic leukemia) is the most likely diagnosis. When papules, nodules, or plaques develop on the head, neck, or torso in a middle-aged male accompanied by lymphadenopathy, there must be a high index of suspicion that these lesions are metastatic lymphomatous deposits. Definitive histologic diagnosis on a skin biopsy specimen is difficult. In this situation, it is best to rely on histologic patterns seen in lymphoid tissue along with cellular marker studies. An elderly patient having bone pain, anemia, elevated blood calcium level, and renal failure along with purplish or skin-colored nodules and plaques on the trunk has a good chance of having multiple myeloma. Biopsying these lesions is most certain to reveal atypical plasma cells, and blood immunoelectrophoresis will demonstrate characteristic monoclonal gammopathy. There are two malignancies seen in children under 3 years of age that often times affect the skin in a characteristic fashion. Letterer-Siwe disease, which is distinguished from other histocytic disorders by its cell of origin, the Langerhans cell, clinically shows maculopapular and erosive lesions distributed in a seborrheic pattern. Neuroblastoma derived from cells of the neural crest demonstrates clinically widespread bluish papulonodules. Kaposi's sarcoma, a multifocal vascular malignancy, has a wide spectrum of clinical expression. Those patients who are immunocompromised secondary to concomitant disease or immunosuppressive therapy are more susceptible to a disseminated fulminant course accompanied by opportunistic infection. In conclusion, although specific signs of internal malignancy are less common than nonspecific ones, they are just as important; if the clinician managing the cancer patient is familiar with these clues to internal disease, proper patient management will ensue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Specific cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy. 307 47

The mortality of all 14,327 people who were known to have been employed at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels at any time between the opening of the site in 1947 and 31 December 1975 was studied up to the end of 1983. The vital state of 96% of the workers was traced satisfactorily and 2277 were found to have died, 572 (25%) from cancer. On average the workers suffered a mortality from all causes that was 2% less than that of the general population of England and Wales and 9% less than that of the population of Cumberland (the area in which the plant is sited). Their mortality from cancers of all kinds was 5% less than that of England and Wales and 3% less than that of Cumberland. In the five years after their first employment Sellafield workers had an overall mortality that was 70% of that of England and Wales, probably due to healthier members of the population being selected for employment. Raised death rates from cancers of several specific sites were found, but only for those of ill defined and secondary sites was the excess statistically significant (30 observed, 19.7 expected). For cancers of the liver and gall bladder there was a significant deficit of deaths (four observed, 10.5 expected). Workers in areas of the plant where radiation exposure was likely were issued with dosimeters to measure their external exposure to ionising radiations. Personal dose records were maintained for workers who entered such areas other than infrequently. Workers with personal dose records ("radiation" workers) had lower death rates from all causes combined than other workers but the death rates from cancer in the two groups were similar. Compared with the general population radiation workers had statistically significant deficits of liver and gall bladder cancer, lung cancer, and Hodgkin's disease. There were excesses of deaths from myeloma (seven observed, 4.2 expected) and prostatic cancer (19 observed, 15.8 expected) but these were not significant and there was no evidence of an excess of leukaemia (10 deaths observed, 12.2 expected) or cancer of the pancreas (15 observed, 17.8 expected). Non-radiation workers had a significant deficit of leukaemia (one death observed, 5.1 expected) and a significant excess of cancers of ill defined and secondary sites (13 deaths observed, 5.8 expected). For no type of cancer was the ratio of observed to expected deaths significantly different between radiation and non-radiation workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Mortality of workers at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels. 309 83


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