Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated the relationship between duration of most recent drug and alcohol abstinence attempt and psychological distress tolerance, as indexed by persistence on a mental arithmetic task (the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task; D. M. A. Gronwall, 1977), in 89 individuals in an inner-city residential substance abuse treatment facility. Results indicated that most recent abstinence duration was related to persistence on the psychological stressor, beyond the influence of demographics, substance use level, and negative affect. These findings extend previous work (T. H. Brandon et al., 2003; R. A. Brown, C. W. Lejuez, C. W. Kahler, & D. Strong, 2002) reporting significant relationships between persistence on laboratory challenge procedures and duration of abstinence following a quit attempt in smokers, suggesting that common processes account for relapse across addictions. Systematic replications including a prospective design are recommended.
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PMID:Psychological distress tolerance and duration of most recent abstinence attempt among residential treatment-seeking substance abusers. 1601 92

The relationship between risk-taking behavior and substance dependence has proven to be complex, particularly when examining across participants expressing a range of substance use problem severity. While main indices of risk-taking in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) positively associate with problematic alcohol use in adolescent populations (e.g., MacPherson, Magidson, Reynolds, Kahler, & Lejuez, 2010), several studies have observed a negative relationship when examining behavior within adult substance using populations (Ashenhurst, Jentsch, & Ray, 2011; Campbell, Samartgis, & Crowe, 2013). To examine potential mechanisms that underlie this negative relationship, we implemented multilevel regression models on trial-by-trial BART data gathered from 295 adult problem drinkers. These models accounted for participant behavior on trials following balloon bursts or cash outs as indices of loss and reward reactivity, respectively, and included control variables including age, IQ, and individual delay discounting rate. Results revealed that individual trial pumping was significantly predicted by trial number, and by whether or not the previous trial was a big burst or a big cash out (i.e., large magnitude of potential gains) in a manner consistent with a "near-miss" effect. Furthermore, severity of alcohol problems moderated the effect of a previous trial big burst, but not of a big cash out, on subsequent trial behavior such that those with greater severity demonstrated relative insensitivity to this "near-miss" effect. These results extend previous studies suggesting that alcohol abusers are less risky on the BART by specifying a mechanism underlying this pattern, namely, diminished reactivity to large magnitude losses.
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PMID:Modeling behavioral reactivity to losses and rewards on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART): moderation by alcohol problem severity. 2484 Jun 39

We examine aspects of engagement (MacKenzie, 1983) as predictors of longitudinal change in Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 scores (Lambert, Kahler, Harmon, Burlingame, & Shimokawa, 2011) for 68, 18-24-year-old male residents in a 10-bed, open enrollment 90-day residential, substance use treatment program. Engagement was partitioned into within-member, between-member, within-other members, and between-other members' effects. Within-member engagement represented how a group member's score for a week deviated from that member's average engagement score (across all weeks), whereas between-member engagement was the member's average engagement score. Similarly, within-other member engagement represented how the other group members' scores for a week deviated from the other group members' average engagement score (across all weeks), whereas between-other member engagement was the other group members' average engagement score. A 2-level hierarchical linear model showed the interaction of between-member engagement and between-other member engagement was related to decreasing OQ-45 scores. When other group members generally saw the group as more engaged, higher group member average engagement ratings were related to improvement. There was a significant interaction between within-member engagement and between-member engagement in predicting OQ-45 scores. When clients generally saw the group as more engaged, weeks with relatively more member engagement, compared with other weeks, were associated with improvement in OQ-45 scores. However, when clients generally saw the group as less engaged, weeks with relatively more group member engagement, compared with other weeks, were associated with greater deterioration in OQ scores. We recommend tracking week-to-week changes in member and other member engagement to identify group members who are not getting optimal program benefits. (PsycINFO Database Record
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PMID:Between-client and within-client engagement and outcome in a residential wilderness treatment group: An actor partner interdependence analysis. 2706 27