Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunization of a BALB/c mouse with cells from the human neuroblastoma line LAN-1 and fusion of the spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells, NS-1, led to the production of a monoclonal antibody (Mab) with a rather unique reactivity for neuroblastoma. This Mab, named 5 A7, detects an antigen of an apparent molecular weight of 65,000-67,000, localized mainly in the cytoplasm and released into culture medium, as revealed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments. By immunoperoxidase staining using a biotin-avidin technique, Mab 5 A7 demonstrates a restrictive staining for neuroblastoma cell lines. Following extensive testing on freshly frozen specimens of neuroblastoma and other tumors, Mab 5 A7 shows a highly selective reactivity for neuroblastomas (13 of 14) and some cells of one primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ependymoblastoma). No reactivity could be detected with Mab 5 A7 on the 57 other tumor tissues tested. Among the normal fetal or adult tissue specimens tested, positive staining is found only on adult brain, colonic crypts, some renal tubules, and fetal medulla of the adrenal gland. Among bone marrow specimens tested, only those infiltrated by neuroblastoma cells gave a positive staining. Normal or malignant hematopoietic cells showed no reactivity with Mab 5 A7. Our results with Mab 5 A7 suggest that this reagent not only provides a valuable probe for the immunohistological diagnosis of neuroblastoma on fresh tumor specimens but also allows the detection of bone marrow infiltration by neuroblastoma cells.
 ...
PMID:Highly selective recognition of human neuroblastoma cells by mouse monoclonal antibody to a cytoplasmic antigen. 351 88

A monoclonal antibody termed "FR77" was obtained from a hybridoma clone established by fusion between P3x63Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells of a Fischer F344 rat hyperimmune to syngeneic 9L/R3 glioma cells. Immunoperoxidase staining of various cultured cells showed that FR77 was reactive to both rat and human glioma cells, but was not reactive with other nonglioma cells. Immunohistochemical examination of paraffin-embedded or cryostat-frozen sections of various human tissues revealed that FR77 was strongly reactive with glioblastoma, grade III astrocytoma, and craniopharyngioma; partially reactive with intracerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, pineoblastoma, and desmoplastic medulloblastoma; and weakly reactive with low-grade astrocytoma. It was not reactive with other types of brain tumors and normal human tissues tested. The FR77-defined antigen was observed to be predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of antigen-bearing cells as suggested by the immunostaining pattern, but part of it was also expressed on the cell surface of glioma cells as demonstrated by a complement-mediated cytotoxic test. Fractionation of the antigenic component and periodic acid treatment of tumor tissue bearing the FR77-defined antigen indicated that the antigen is of a neutral glycolipid nature and that the antigenic determinant to FR77 is present on its sugar portion.
 ...
PMID:Detection of human glioma-associated antigen by rat monoclonal antibody raised against syngeneic rat glioma cells. 376 Sep 59

Antibody-producing clones were obtained by hybridization of spleen cells from mice immunized with whole cultured human tumor cells and mouse myeloma cells, P3UX59AG8. The tumor cells were derived from a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. One of the antibodies produced by these clones reacts with the original cell line, SK-PN-DW, and other more differentiated neuroectodermal tumors such as neuroblastomas and melanomas. The cell line SK-PN-DW contains antigenic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against melanoma, neuroblastoma, and human fetal brain. These data indicate that this primitive neuroectodermal tumor is derived from the neuroectoderm.
 ...
PMID:Neuroectodermal tumor and monoclonal antibodies. 609 34

Primary tumors of the spine are relatively infrequent lesions compared with metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. However, when a solitary lesion of the spine occurs, these neoplasms represent an important group of entities for diagnostic consideration. A wide variety of benign neoplasms can involve the spine, including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor, enostosis, and osteochondroma. Common primary nonlymphoproliferative malignant neoplasms of the spine include chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and osteosarcoma. The imaging features of these lesions of the spine are often characteristic. These changes include a small sclerotic focus with irregular thorny margins in the vertebral body (enostosis), a small radiolucent nidus with central calcification in the posterior elements of the vertebral body (osteoid osteoma), a large expansile lesion with multiple fluid-fluid levels (aneurysmal bone cyst), and an aggressive mineralized mass (chondroid or osteoid) with osseous and soft-tissue involvement (chondrosarcoma or osteosarcoma). Radiologists should be aware of the appearance of these unusual neoplasms in order to provide a complete differential diagnosis and to guide clinical colleagues in patient treatment.
 ...
PMID:From the archives of the AFIP. Primary tumors of the spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. 888 95

Primary tumors of the spine are relatively infrequent lesions compared with metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma which are the more frequent neoplasms of the spine and usually manifest with multifocal lesions and thus pose little diagnostic dilemma. However, in the presence of a solitary spinal lesion, the more uncommon primary tumors of the spine represent an important group of entities for diagnostic consideration. The most common benign and malignant primary tumors of the spine are enostosis, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteochondroma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and osteosarcoma. The imaging features of these lesions are often characteristic. Radiologists should be aware of the appearance of these unusual tumors in order to provide a complete differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Primary bone tumors and pseudotumors of the lumbosacral spine. 1096 37

Tumor-restricted surface antigens may be targets for diagnosis and immune-based therapies. Monoclonal antibody 8H9 is a murine IgG1 hybridoma derived from the fusion of mouse myeloma SP2/0 cells and splenic lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with human neuroblastoma. By immunohistochemistry, 8H9 was highly reactive with human brain tumors, childhood sarcomas, and neuroblastomas, and less so with adenocarcinomas. Among primary brain tumors, 15 of 17 glioblastomas, 3 of 4 mixed gliomas, 4 of 11 oligodendrogliomas, 6 of 8 astrocytomas, 2 of 2 meningiomas, 3 of 3 schwannomas, 2 of 2 medulloblastomas, 1 of 1 neurofibroma, 1 of 2 neuronoglial tumors, 2 of 3 ependymomas, and 1 of 1 pineoblastoma tested positive. Among sarcomas, 21 of 21 Ewing's/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, 28 of 29 rhabdomyosarcomas, 28 of 29 osteosarcomas, 35 of 37 desmoplastic small round cell tumors, 2 of 3 synovial sarcomas, 4 of 4 leiomyosarcomas, 1 of 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and 2 of 2 undifferentiated sarcomas tested positive with 8H9. Eighty-seven of 90 neuroblastomas, 12 of 16 melanomas, 3 of 4 hepatoblastomas, 7 of 8 Wilms' tumors, 3 of 3 rhabdoid tumors, and 12 of 27 adenocarcinomas also tested positive. In contrast, 8H9 was nonreactive with normal human tissues including bone marrow, colon, stomach, heart, lung, muscle, thyroid, testes, pancreas, and human brain (frontal lobe, cerebellum, pons, and spinal cord). Reactivity with normal cynomolgus monkey tissue was restricted similarly. Indirect immunofluorescence localized the antigen recognized by 8H9 to the cell membrane. The antigen is proteinase sensitive and is not easily modulated off the cell surface. 8H9 immunoprecipitated a M(r) 58,000 band after N-glycanase treatment, most likely a protein with a heterogeneous degree of glycosylation. This novel antibody-antigen system may have potential for tumor targeting.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibody 8H9 targets a novel cell surface antigen expressed by a wide spectrum of human solid tumors. 1135 24

Bone tumors are fortunately rare, but small cell tumors of bone are a relatively common subset of these lesions. They comprise of a diverse group of primary and metastatic neoplasms in both children and adults. The most common small cell tumors of bone include Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, small cell osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Although each entity has its distinctive features, the differential diagnosis of this group of tumors is still challenging because they are all "small, blue, and round cell tumors", histologically. The correct diagnosis of small cell tumors of bone depends on an evaluation of clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and genetic features. Patients' age and sex are very important, as are the signs and symptoms at presentation. Radiologically, which bone is involved, the specific portion of the bone (epiphysis, metaphysis, or diaphysis; cortex vs. medulla) involved, and the radiographic manifestations (lytic, blastic, or mixed lytic and blastic) are also often critical parameters for the diagnosis. In recent years, with a better understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of several small cell tumors, more accurate diagnoses have been supported by the clinicopathologic criteria and by a panel of immunohistochemical studies. In this review we will provide an overview of the clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and genetic characteristics of these tumors.
 ...
PMID:Small cell tumors of bone. 2003 33

Round cell tumors of bone are a divergent group of neoplasms that largely constitute Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, small cell osteosarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, mensenchymal chondrosarcoma, and hematopoietic malignancies including lymphoma and plasmacytoma/myeloma, along with metastatic round cell tumors including neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and small cell carcinoma. These lesions share many histomorphologic similarities and often demonstrate overlapping clinical and radiologic characteristics, but typically have a diverse clinical outcome, thus warranting differing therapeutic modalities/regimens. Recent advances in molecular and cytogenetic techniques have identified a number of additional novel entities, including round cell sarcomas harboring CIC-DUX4 and BCOR-CCNB3 fusions, respectively. These novel findings have not only enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of round cell tumors, but also allowed us to reclassify some entities with potential therapeutic and prognostic significance. This article provides an overview focusing on recent molecular genetic advances in primary, nonhematologic round cell tumors of bone.
...
PMID:Round cell tumors of bone: an update on recent molecular genetic advances. 2510 37