Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The current management of malignant gliomas is unsatisfactory compared to that of other solid tumors; the expected median survival period is less than 1 year with the patient undergoing conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy treatment. Immunological reagents could be a useful adjunct. Human monoclonal antibodies derived from patients with astrocytic tumors might recognize subtle antigenic specificities that would differ from those recognized by xenogeneic (murine) systems. Five hybridomas, designated as BT27/1A2, BT27/2A3, BT32/A6, BT34/A5, and BT54/B8, were produced from the fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes of four patients with astrocytic tumors to the human myeloma-like cell line TM-H2-SP2. This cell line has a 46, XX karyotype and is negative for hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. All five human monoclonal antibodies produced 2.4 to 44 micrograms/ml of immunoglobulin M, had a similar but not identical pattern of reactivity against a panel of human tumor cell lines, and failed to react with normal human astrocytes. Labeling of four neuroectodermal tumor explant cultures by BT27/2A3 was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Karyotyping of three of the five hybridomas demonstrated that two were pseudodiploid (2-3n) and one hypodiploid (less than 2n). The monoclonality of the hybridomas was evaluated by Southern blot analysis of JH gene rearrangements, revealing two types of rearrangements for each hybridoma, both consistent with monoclonality. Preliminary antigen characterization indicated that at least four of the five human monoclonal antibodies were directed to cell-surface glycolipids.
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PMID:Human antiglioma monoclonal antibodies from patients with astrocytic tumors. 154 60

Murine, antihuman melanoma cell monoclonal antibody (mAb) 16.C8 was generated by fusing the murine myeloma cell line P3X63/Ag8.653 with splenocytes from a nude mouse bearing a human melanoma xenograft, after reconstitution with splenocytes from syngeneic immunocompetent BALB/c mice. The antibody reacted strongly with fresh human melanoma cells and exhibited preferential reactivity with established human melanoma and neuroectodermal tumor cell lines. Electrophoresis and Western blotting experiments indicated that 16.C8 is directed against a sialoglycoprotein antigen with a molecular weight of 110-120 kDa. mAb 16.C8 mediated lysis of melanoma cells in vitro in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays using human mononuclear effector cells isolated from normal volunteers or malignant melanoma patients. In addition, the administration of mAb 16.C8 to nude mice bearing established human melanoma lung and liver metastases resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth as shown by gross and histologic examination. In contrast, animals treated with Hanks' balanced salt solution or nonspecific immunoglobulin exhibited a large tumor burden. These results suggest that mAb 16.C8 may be of value in treatment of metastatic melanoma in humans.
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PMID:Cell binding and tumor inhibiting functions of a new antihuman melanoma murine monoclonal antibody. 176 67

Monoclonal antibodies ( MCAs ) have been derived from a fusion of P3-NS1/1-Ag 4-1 (NS1) myeloma cells and splenocytes immunized to human glioma cell line D-54 MG. MCAs 2F3 , 4C7 , and 5B7 were analyzed by cell surface radioimmunoassay (CS-RIA), quantitative absorption, indirect immunofluorescence, and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunohistology of unfixed tissue samples. MCA 2F3 exhibits the most highly restricted pattern of reactivity we have observed, reacting only with 5/12 glioblastoma cell lines and 1/4 fetal skin lines by CS-RIA, and to 9/11 glioblastoma tissue samples by PAP and absorption analysis; this MCA is totally nonreactive with melanomas, neuroblastomas, meningiomas, and control non-central nervous system tumors, and to adult and fetal tissues including brain, thymus, spleen, liver, lung, heart, gut, skin, and muscle by PAP analysis. MCAs 4C7 and 5B7 demonstrate neuroectodermal tumor cross-reactivity profiles, reacting with either melanomas ( 5B7 ) or melanomas and neuroblastomas ( 4C7 ); both are reactive with fetal skin, brain, and thymus of less than or equal to 16 weeks of gestational age. Other than this latter fetal antigen reactivity, these MCAs share the same negative reactivity profile described above for MCA 2F3 . Data from experiments using control or 0.02% EDTA-treated confluent cell monolayers of D-54 MG as antibody absorbents showed that the antigens detected are present in the extracellular matrix material remaining following cell removal. The data presented here establish that these highly restrictive anti-human glioma cell line MCAs are expressed in primary human gliomas; that the markers defined are developmental in nature, in that they are expressed by human fetal tissue, but not by adult tissue; and that in conjunction with previously characterized specificities, these markers of antigenic heterogeneity will be valuable in model system studies of therapeutic response heterogeneity.
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PMID:Characterization of three restricted specificity monoclonal antibodies raised against the human glioma cell line D-54 MG. 637 21