Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cause-specific mortality experience of 3,105 members of the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union was examined to determine if there were unusual patterns of fatal disease that may be indicative of hazardous agents in the work environment. Deaths among active Union members that were reported by locals in Texas between 1947 and 1977 were identified through membership records, and proportionate mortality was analyzed in several broad industrial categories. PMRs for cancers of the liver and biliary passages, pancreas, lung and skin were elevated among refinery and petrochemical plant workers; however, risks did not increase with length of membership. Increased relative frequencies of stomach cancer, cancer of the brain, leukemia and multiple myeloma were confined to white males in the same category who had been Union members for 10 or more years. Excess deaths from stomach cancer and brain cancer were found among white male members employed at one specific oil refinery and petrochemical plant. Observed numbers of deaths from cancer of the stomach were greater than expected among whites and nonwhites, and an elevated PMR for lung cancer among nonwhites was found at an additional plant. Findings suggest that workers in this industry may be at increased risk of certain cancers and indicate areas for further investigation.
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PMID:Mortality among workers employed in petroleum refining and petrochemical plants. 737 49

We studied mortality among 8,878 employees who worked at any time from 1965 to 1988 at a synthetic fibers plant in North Carolina that used a finishing agent containing glycerol polyglycidyl ether. Some glycidyl ethers are mutagenic and tumorigenic in laboratory animals. The main route of exposure to workers was inhalation of the spray mist, although there was also skin contact. We identified 553 deaths in the cohort and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) from all causes of death combined was 0.80. For most causes of death, mortality rates in the cohort were similar to mortality rates in the U.S. population. Among categories with at least five observed deaths, the largest effect estimate was for cancer of the central nervous system (SMR = 1.77), and the SMR for lung cancer was 0.94. The cancer categories of central nervous system (brain) and "other" lymphopoietic cancers (lymphoma and myeloma) showed weak associations with duration of employment. In case-control analyses in which we utilized work history data to compute effect estimates by duration of exposure, we found no increased risk of lung cancer or brain cancer among employees with more than 5 years of exposure. Effect estimates for lymphoma and myeloma tended to increase with duration of exposure, although there were only seven deaths in this category and the effect estimates were very imprecise. To date, this study has identified no clear carcinogenic effect of glycerol polyglycidyl ether, but plausible induction periods have not yet elapsed. The cohort should continue to be monitored to obtain more precise estimates after moderate or long induction times.
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PMID:Mortality among synthetic fiber workers exposed to glycerol polyglycidyl ether. 803 Jun 39

Using data from a case-control study in the United States (the Selected Cancers Study), we examined the relationship between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and family history of different cancers. Cases were 1,511 men aged 31 to 59 years and diagnosed pathologically with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma during 1984-88. Controls were men, frequency-matched to cases by age range and cancer registry (n = 1,910). All study subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were excluded from analyses. Our results showed that the risk of NHL is associated with a history of lymphoma (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-5.2) and hematologic cancer (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.2-3.4) in first-degree relatives after adjustment for age, ethnic background, and educational level. Further analyses were performed for the subgroups defined by age at diagnosis (younger than 45 years cf 45 years or older). The association of NHL with a family history of lymphoma and hematologic cancer was found primarily among men aged 45 and older (OR = 4.1, CI = 1.9-8.8 for lymphoma and OR = 2.3, CI = 1.3-4.0 for hematologic cancer). The association among men aged 45 and older did not vary by whether or not there were any familial patients diagnosed at the age of 45 or older. No significant associations could be found for a family history of lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, brain cancer, thyroid cancer, or myeloma. This study suggests that the familial risk of NHL is influenced primarily by hematolymphoproliferative malignancies rather than other cancers. The familial effects of hematolymphoproliferative malignancies may be stronger for men aged 45 to 59, compared with those aged 31 to 44.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and family history of malignant tumors in a case-control study (United States). 948 66

Our study examined cancer mortality before the age of 65 for women employed in the fastest growing and/or traditionally female occupations. Analysis of mortality data from 28 U.S. states for 1984-1995 revealed elevated proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs). The highest PCMRs observed were thyroid cancer among health aides, lymphatic and multiple myeloma among computer programmers, and brain cancer among actresses and directresses. Some of the excess mortality occurred for occupations that have been previously cited. These included elevated breast and ovarian cancer among teachers, Hodgkin's disease among hairdressers and cosmetologists, and thyroid cancer among health aides and therapists. A few of the associations were new, i.e., had not been previously observed. These included cancer of the connective tissue and lymphatic system among computer programmers, ovarian cancer and leukemia among secretaries, and lymphatic cancer and multiple myeloma among child care workers. These findings should be further investigated with epidemiologic and environmental studies.
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PMID:Cancer mortality among women employed in fast-growing U.S. occupations. 1036 5

This is the fourth of a six-part series on the metastatic spread and natural history of 18 common tumors. Part one summarized symptom/problem anticipation, cancer metastasis, and the 18 tumors that each cause more than 6000 deaths per year in the United States. Bladder and brain cancer were discussed, with information given on tumor types, metastatic spread and invasion, and common symptoms. Parts two and three charted the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, and liver; and leukemia. Part four provides corresponding information on lung cancer, malignant melanoma, and multiple myeloma. Each of these cancers is presented separately, with information given on mortality rates, the most common tumor types, sites of metastases, common problems, and common oncology emergencies. Sites of spread, resulting problems (including site-specific symptoms), and assessment parameters are presented as tables. Material is presented so that clinicians will be able anticipate the spread of these cancers and can thus identify problems early in their development so that the problems are more easily managed.
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PMID:Lung cancer, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma. 1066 Oct 62

This is the fifth of a six-part series on metastatic spread and natural history of 18 common tumors. Part 1 summarized symptom/problem anticipation, cancer metastasis, and the 18 tumors that each cause more than 6000 deaths/year in the United States. Bladder and brain cancer were discussed, with information given on tumor types, metastatic spread and invasion, and common symptoms. Parts two, three, and four charted the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, liver, and lung; and leukemia, melanoma, and multiple myeloma. Part five provides corresponding information on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cancers of the oral cavity (and pharynx) and ovary. Each of these cancers is presented separately, with information given on mortality rates, the most common tumor types, sites of metastases, common problems, and common oncologic emergencies. Sites of spread, resulting problems (including site-specific symptoms), and assessment parameters are presented as tables. Material is presented so that clinicians will be able to anticipate the spread of these cancers and can thus identify problems early in their development so that the problems are more easily managed.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oral cavity and pharynx, and ovary. 1066 Oct 69

Nine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against human and rodent ING1 protein have been generated using an IL6-secreting mouse myeloma line. These antibodies are all effective in recognizing ING1 protein in ELISAs, Western blot assays, and by indirect immunofluorescence. Combining different CAb monoclonal antibodies in a Western blot assay also allows detection of the very low levels of endogenous ING1 found in fibroblast cells in culture and the identification of at least two isoforms of ING1 in normal human diploid fibroblasts and established brain cancer cell lines.
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PMID:A panel of CAb antibodies recognize endogenous and ectopically expressed ING1 protein. 1086 96

In 1989 we published a critical review of cancer epidemiology in petroleum workers, which included as a component of the review a meta-analysis by cancer site. Subsequently we have completed three additional reviews and meta-analyses on cell-type-specific leukemias (1995), multiple myeloma (1997), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (2000). The objective of the present investigation was to update our 1989 review and meta-analysis of nonlymphohematopoietic cancers in cohort studies of petroleum workers. Included in the present investigation were cohort studies of petroleum workers from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Finland, Sweden, and Italy. Individual studies were reviewed with regard to specific cancer sites. For each cancer of interest, risk ratios from the individual studies were presented. In some studies, subcohort analyses stratified by exposure parameters such as length of employment, job category, and hire year were also reported. These subcohort or stratified analyses were reviewed and the results of these analyses were taken into consideration in our interpretation. In addition to the qualitative review of individual studies, a meta-analysis was performed to combine data from individual cohort studies of petroleum workers. The primary purpose of the meta-analysis was to provide a summary measure of risk for each cancer site. Based on a review and meta-analyses of cohort studies of more than 350,000 petroleum workers in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Finland, Sweden, and Italy, we concluded that there was no increased mortality from digestive cancers (stomach, large intestine, liver, or pancreas), lung cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, or brain cancer. The summary standardized mortality ratios for these cancer sites were all below unity. Significant increases of melanoma mortality were reported in some small groups of refinery workers in the United Kingdom and upstream operation workers in Canada, but no responsible agent(s) had been identified. The observed mortality from skin cancer in all other studies was similar to the expected. In particular, no significant increase of skin cancer mortality was reported in any of the U.S. studies. Elevated mortality from prostate cancer was noted in short-term workers at a U.S. refinery and in short-term workers employed in certain crafts at U.S. crude oil operations. However, the absence of an upward trend by length of employment in these workers argued against an association between exposure to petroleum products and prostate cancer. For all petroleum workers as a whole, mortality from prostate cancer was as expected.
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PMID:A critical review of cancer epidemiology in the petroleum industry, with a meta-analysis of a combined database of more than 350,000 workers. 1102 72

This is the last article in a six-part series on metastatic spread and natural history of the 18 most lethal tumors. The articles summarize symptom/problem anticipation, cancer metastasis, and the 18 tumors that each cause more than 6000 deaths/year in the United States. Bladder and brain cancer were discussed, with information given on tumor types, metastatic spread and invasion, and common symptoms. Parts II, III, IV, and V charted the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, liver, and lung; and leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the oral cavity (and pharynx) and ovary. Part VI finishes the series with discussions of cancers of the pancreas, prostate, stomach, and uterus. Each of these cancers is presented separately, with information given on mortality rates, the most common tumor types, sites of metastases, common problems, and common oncology emergencies. Sites of spread, resulting problems (including site-specific symptoms), and assessment parameters are presented as tables. Material is presented so that clinicians are able to anticipate the spread of these cancers and can thus identify problems early in their development so that the problems are more easily managed.
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PMID:Metastatic spread and common symptoms. Part six: Advanced cancer of the pancreas, prostate, stomach, and uterus. 1114 71

Motexafin gadolinium [gadolinium (III) texaphyrin, gadolinium texaphyrin, Gd-Tex, GdT2B2, PCI 0120] is a radiosensitising agent developed for use in cancer therapy. It is cytotoxic in haematological malignancies by selectively localising in cancer cells that have high rates of metabolism. Motexafin gadolinium inhibits cellular respiration resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species and inducing apoptosis. It is being developed by Pharmacyclics in the US. Bulk motexafin gadolinium is supplied to Pharmacyclics by the US company, Celanese, through a manufacturing and supply agreement between the two companies. In June 2003, at the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO-2003), the importance of having an agent for the treatment of brain metastases from lung cancer was highlighted. Results of a phase III study were presented that showed that motexafin gadolinium treatment was associated with a delay in time to neurological and neurocognitive progression in lung cancer patients. This was an important finding, as 46.6% of lung cancer patients already have brain metastases at the time of initial diagnosis, compared with only 2.7% of breast cancer patients. Brain metastases are also often the only site of metastatic disease in patients with lung cancer. In December 2002, Pharmacyclics began a phase III trial of motexafin gadolinium in patients with brain metastases (brain cancer in phase table) from lung cancer in the US, Europe, Canada and Australia. The trial is known as the Study of neurologic progression with Motexafin gadolinium And Radiation Therapy (SMART) and will compare whole-brain irradiation with whole-brain irradiation plus motexafin gadolinium in 550 patients. The primary efficacy endpoint is time to neurological progression and the secondary endpoints are survival and neurocognitive function. In January 2003, the US FDA completed its Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) of the SMART trial with a positive result and by June 2003, enrollment had begun. In addition, phase I trials are underway in children with intrinsic pontine glioma and adults with head and neck, lung and pancreatic cancers. A phase II trial is also being conducted in the US in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Enrollment in this trial has been completed and preliminary results have been reported. Pharmacyclics has completed enrollment and follow-up of adults in its pivotal phase III trial of motexafin gadolinium as a radiation sensitiser for the treatment of brain metastases. The trial was conducted at 35 centres in Europe, Canada and the US. Full results from this initial phase III trial were presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in Orlando, Florida, USA, held in May 2002. Pharmacyclics also announced in October 2002, at the 44th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO), that motexafin gadolinium significantly prolonged time to neurological progression when added to whole brain radiation therapy and reduced the number of deaths in patients with brain tumour. Pharmacyclics announced in September 2000 that it has initiated two NCI-sponsored phase I trials conducted under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Pharmacyclics and the NCI. The first trial, conducted in patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer, was designed to determine the safety of two different dosing regimens of motexafin gadolinium during preoperative radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy. The second study was designed to examine the use of motexafin gadolinium in combination with stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery in patients with primary glioblastoma mutiforme. Two phase I clinical trials have also been conducted for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme at the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA. These phase I studies were sponsored by the NCI and were conducted under a CRADA with the NCI. Pharmacyclics has also completed multicentre US phase II clinical trials of motexafin gadolinium fin gadolinium in patients with metastatic tumours of the brain who require whole brain radiotherapy. Motexafin gadolinium is in a phase II trial in patients with lymphomas and multiple myeloma in the US.
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PMID:Motexafin gadolinium: gadolinium (III) texaphyrin, gadolinium texaphyrin, Gd-Tex, GdT2B2, PCI 0120. 1472 95


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