Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to assess what published evidence is currently available to support the increasing use of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and to evaluate the published data with regard to the comparative cost of high-dose and conventional therapy. The review aimed to identify all published, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing high-dose therapy (HDT) with ASCT versus conventional chemotherapy (CC) in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, and breast, lung, testicular and ovarian cancer. The review also aimed to identify all studies that had compared the cost of the two treatment strategies. Reports were identified by systematic searches of Cancerlit, Embase and Medline, and handsearching of several conference proceedings. Where possible, pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated according to the fixed-effect model. A total of 18 randomized trials were identified in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, and breast, lung and testicular cancer. Trials were generally small and no disease site had sufficient information to determine reliably whether high-dose therapy with autologous transplant is more effective than CC. Five studies were identified that compared the cost of the two treatments. These found the cost of HDT to be between one and four times higher than that of CC. Further randomized trials are required. Where appropriate, these should include economic assessment and assessments of long-term toxicity.
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PMID:Autologous stem cell transplantation for malignancy: a systematic review of the literature. 1079 94

Among the 25 bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(IV) and 14 oxovanadium(IV) compounds synthesised and evaluated for anticancer activity, bis(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) sulfatooxovanadium(IV) (metvan) was identified as the most promising multitargeted anticancer vanadium complex with apoptosis-inducing activity. At nanomolar and low micromolar concentrations, metvan induces apoptosis in human leukaemia cells, multiple myeloma cells and solid tumour cells derived from breast cancer, glioblastoma, ovarian, prostate and testicular cancer patients. It is highly effective against cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer and testicular cancer cell lines. Metvan is much more effective than the standard chemotherapeutic agents dexamethasone and vincristine in inducing apoptosis in primary leukaemia cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia or chronic acute myeloid leukaemia. Metvan-induced apoptosis is associated with a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione. Treatment of leukaemia cells from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic acute myeloid leukaemia patients with metvan inhibits the constitutive expression as well as the gelatinolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2. Treatment of human malignant glioblastoma and breast cancer cells with metvan at concentrations > 1 microM is associated with a nearly complete loss of the adhesive, migratory and invasive properties of the treated cancer cell populations. Metvan shows favourable pharmacokinetics in mice and does not cause acute or subacute toxicity at the dose levels tested (12.5 - 50 mg/kg). Therapeutic plasma concentrations > or = 5 microM, which are highly cytotoxic against human cancer cells, can be rapidly achieved and maintained in mice for at least 24 h after intraperitoneal bolus injection of a single 10 mg/kg non-toxic dose of metvan. Metvan exhibits significant antitumour activity, delays tumour progression and prolongs survival time in severe combined immunodeficient mouse xenograft models of human malignant glioblastoma and breast cancer. The broad spectrum anticancer activity of metvan together with favourable pharmacodynamic features and lack of toxicity warrants further development of this oxovanadium compound as a new anticancer agent. Metvan could represent the first vanadium complex as an alternative to platinum-based chemotherapy.
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PMID:Metvan: a novel oxovanadium(IV) complex with broad spectrum anticancer activity. 1245 42

Various chemotherapy regimens, combined with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(rhG-CSF) or recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (rhGM-CSF) are used in cancer patients to mobilize and collect peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). In this retrospective study, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of such regimens in 262 patients with different types of malignant diseases. The following chemotherapy regimens were applied: ifosfamide-etoposide-cisplatin or bleomycin (n = 96; mainly patients with testicular cancer); ifosfamide-etoposide plus or minus cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) or vincristine (VCR)(n = 52; mainly patients with lymphoma); cyclophosphamide-anthracycline (n = 53; mainly patients with breast cancer); intermediate to high dose (ID-HD) cyclophosphamide (n = 37; mainly patients with breast or ovarian cancer. or multiple myeloma; and others (n = 24). rhG-CSF or rhGM-CSF, each at an average daily dose of 5 microg/kg body weight, were used in 166 and 96 patients, respectively. The study evaluated and compared the efficacy of these two cytokines. In patients receiving rhG-CSF, CD34+ cells could be collected earlier (median: day 14 versus day 16) and there was a significantly higher white blood cell count (WBC)(median 11,350 versus 5550/microl) and CD34+ cell count (median 88 versus 43/microl) at the start of apheresis, and a significantly higher CD34+ cell yield (median 7.4 x 10(6) versus 4.6 x 10(6)/kg) than in patients who receivedrhGM-CSF. Among the various chemotherapeutic regimens used, each combined with rhG-CSF, ifosfamide-etoposide plus or minus Ara-C or VCR mobilized a significantly higher number of CD34+ cells (median 119/microl) and produced a significantly higher harvest of these cells (median 13 x 10(6)/kg) than cyclophosphamide-anthracycline (median 87/microl and 7 x 10(6)/kg, respectively) or ID-HD cyclophosphamide (median 59/microl and 5 x I 0(6)/kg, respectively). Ifosfamide-etoposide plus or minus Ara-C or VCR was also superior to ifosfamide-etoposide-cisplatin or bleomycin (median 78/microl and 9 x 10(6)/kg, respectively), but at borderline significance. The outcome of PBSC mobilization and collection appeared to be negatively influenced by the number of relapses before the current salvage treatment. These data indicate that mobilization and collection of PBSCstrongly depend on the type of hematopoietic growth factor and chemotherapeutic regimen used. The data further show rhG-CSF is a more effective growth factor than rhGM-CSF and ifosfamide-etoposide-based regimens, particularly ifosfamide-etoposide plus or minus Ara-C or VCR, are highly effective regimens in mobilizing and collecting CD34+ cells.
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PMID:Impact of chemotherapy regimen and hematopoietic growth factor on mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells in cancer patients. 1273 28

The in vitro cytotoxic activity profile of nine novel phenylarsonic acid (CAS 98-05-5, PAA) compounds against 17 human cancer cell lines including (a) ovarian cancer cell lines ES-2, PA-1, CAOV-3, OVCAR-3, (b) testicular cancer cell lines Ntera-2, Tera-2, N2NICP, 833K, and 64CP, (c) multiple myeloma cell lines ARH77, HS-Sultan, RPMI-8226, and U266, and (d) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines NALM-6, MOLT-3, ALL-1, and RS4; 11, was determined by the MTT assay. The lead compounds, 2-methylthio-4-[(4'-aminophenylazo)-phenylarsonic acid] pyrimidine (PHI-370) and 2-methylthio-4-(4'-phenylarsonic acid)-aminopyrimidine (PHI-380) caused apoptotic death in all 17 cancer cell lines at low micromolar concentrations, as documented by TUNEL assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy. PHI-380 was also tested and found to be very active against primary tumor cells isolated from surgical biopsy specimens of 14 patients with therapy-refractory non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, lymphoma, hepatoblastoma, or Wilm's tumor as well. Because of their broad-spectrum and potent anticancer activity and ability to induce apoptosis in primary tumor cells from therapy-refractory cancer patients, PAA compounds such as PHI-370 and PHI-380 may provide the basis for effective salvage regimens for patients with recurrent cancer.
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PMID:Phenylarsonic acid compounds with broad-spectrum and potent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells. 1287 14

We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyse the association of histology-specific brain tumours with other cancers in family members. Among 0-68-year-old offspring, 9414 patients with brain tumours were identified from 1961 to 2000, of whom, 3387 parents were diagnosed with any primary neoplasm. Astrocytoma, meningioma and neurinoma were the main histological types. Increased standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were found for brain tumours in association with cancers at sites that are known features in recognised syndromes, such as haemangioblastoma and renal cancer in von Hippel-Lindau disease. In addition, an association between astrocytoma and melanoma was recognised. Among as yet unknown clustering, neurinoma was associated with testicular cancer and myeloma; meningioma was associated with cervical cancer; astrocytoma was associated with prostate cancer; ependymoma was associated with breast cancer. Although some of these may feature a true tumour cluster, they need to be confirmed in another setting.
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PMID:Association of brain tumours with other neoplasms in families. 1472 40

Trends in cancer mortality in Switzerland were analysed over the period 1980-2001, on the basis of the World Health Organization database. Appropriately developed correction factors were utilized for the period before 1995, to allow for spurious trends introduced by the change between the 8th and the 10th revisions of the ICD. Steady declines in cancer mortality were observed, particularly from the mid-1980s onwards. Over the last decade, the fall in overall age-standardized (world standard) cancer mortality was 11.1% in men (from 158.1 in 1990-1991 to 140.6/100,000 in 2000-2001) and 7.6% in women (from 91.6 to 84.7/100,000), and the decline was larger in truncated rates from 35 to 64 years (-18.0 and -9.7%). In men, all major tobacco and alcohol neoplasms have declined until the late 1990s but have levelled off over the last few years, reflecting recent trends in alcohol and tobacco consumption. The fall in male lung cancer mortality was 20% over the last decade (from 42.9 to 34.3/100,000). In contrast, lung cancer mortality in women has steadily increased by 38% between 1981 and 1991 and by 47% between 1991 and 2001, to reach 10.7/100,000 at all ages and 18.3 at age 35 to 64, due to increased prevalence of smoking in subsequent generations of Swiss women. Other sites showing substantial declines include stomach and colorectum in both sexes, (cervix) uteri and breast in women. Likewise, prostate cancer showed modest favourable trends after 1995. Steady declines were observed for leukaemias, Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer, namely, the neoplasms most influenced by therapeutic improvements, while trends in lymphomas and myeloma showed no clear pattern.
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PMID:Trends in cancer mortality in Switzerland, 1980-2001. 1637 23

Trends in cancer mortality in Switzerland over the period 1980-2001 and of incidence in the Swiss Canton of Vaud (640,000 inhabitants) over the period 1974-2003 are reviewed and discussed. Steady declines in cancer mortality were observed, over the last decade, particularly from the mid-1980's, with falls in overall mortality of 11% in men and 8% in women. The fall was of 20 % in male lung, whereas lung cancer has steadily increased in women by 47 %. Substantial declines were observed for stomach and colorectum in both sexes, (cervix) uteri and breast in women. Declines were also observed for leukaemias, Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer, namely the neoplasms most influenced by therapeutic improvements, while trends in lymphomas and myeloma showed no clear pattern. With reference to incidence in the Vaud population between 1979 and 2003, all major tobacco-related neoplasms have declined by 19% in men aged 35 to 64, but increased by 69% in all age women. In both sexes, age-adjusted incidence of all non-tobacco-related cancers has substantially increased, mostly in younger-middle age (+ 70% in men, + 33% in women). Trends are discussed in the perspective of the European Commission's target of a 15% reduction in total cancer mortality between 2000 and 2015.
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PMID:[Cancer epidemiology and trends in Switzerland]. 1787 97

CD200 was recently described as a new prognosis factor in multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia. CD200 is a membrane glycoprotein that imparts an immunoregulatory signal through CD200R, leading to the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. We investigated the expression of CD200 in cancer using publicly available gene expression data. CD200 gene expression in normal or malignant human tissues or cell lines was obtained from the Oncomine Cancer Microarray database, Amazonia database and the ITTACA database. We found significant overexpression of CD200 in renal carcinoma, head and neck carcinoma, testicular cancer, malignant mesothelioma, colon carcinoma, MGUS/smoldering myeloma, and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia compared to their normal cells or their tissue counterparts. Moreover, we show that CD200 expression is associated with tumor progression in various cancers. Taken together, these data suggest that CD200 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor for a large array of malignancies.
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PMID:CD200: a putative therapeutic target in cancer. 1806 Aug 62

From March 1991 through 31st December 2007, 2042 patients underwent stem cell transplantation at the Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. These transplantations included 1405 allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 624 autologous stem cell transplantation, and 13 syngeneic stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplantation was performed for various diseases including acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, thalassemia major, sickle cell thalassemia, sickle cell disease, multiple myeloma, myelodysplasia, mucopolysaccharidosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, severe aplastic anemia, plasma cell leukemia, Niemann-Pick disease, Fanconi anemia, severe combine immunodeficiency, congenital neutropenia, leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, osteopetrosis, histiocytosis X, Hurler syndrome, amyloidosis, systemic sclerosis, breast cancer, Ewing's sarcoma, testicular cancer, germ cell tumors, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian cancer, Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, pancreatoblastoma, and multiple sclerosis. We had 105 cellular therapies for postmyocardial infarction, multiple sclerosis, cirrhosis, head of femur necrosis, and renal cell carcinoma. About 30 patients were retransplanted in this center. About 74.9% of the patients (1530 of 2042) remained alive between one to 168 months after stem cell transplantation. Nearly 25.1% (512 of 2042) of our patients died after stem cell transplantation. The causes of deaths were relapse, infections, hemorrhagic cystitis, graft versus host disease, and others.
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PMID:Stem cell transplantation; Iranian experience. 1911 Oct 33

Plerixafor is a reversible CXCR4 antagonist that leads to a rapid release of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPSCs) from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood by interfering with the CXCL12-CXCR4 interaction. Based on two multicenter phase III studies, plerixafor in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for autologous HPSC mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We report the case of a 26-year-old man with testicular cancer who was extensively pretreated and failed to mobilize a sufficient number of HPSCs after cytotoxic chemotherapy and the administration of G-CSF and pegylated G-CSF (PEG-G-CSF). Using a combination of plerixafor, G-CSF and PEG-G-GSF after chemotherapy, a sufficient number of HPSCs could be collected for the support of 3 sequential high-dose therapies. The patient achieved a complete and uncomplicated engraftment following each cycle of HPSC-supported high-dose therapy. Patients suffering from advanced germ cell cancer may be another group that benefits from the use of plerixafor, which to date has only been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of successful mobilization of HPSCs with plerixafor in a patient with testicular cancer.
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PMID:Plerixafor enables successful hematopoietic stem cell collection in an extensively pretreated patient with testicular cancer. 2109 12


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