Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Survival rates from the Vaud Cancer Registry were compared for incident cases registered in 1974-1978 and 1979-1983. No appreciable difference was evident for most major cancer sites: 5-year relative survival rates were 0.21 in 1974-1978 and 0.23 in 1979-1983 for stomach, 0.49 and 0.46 for colon, 0.45 and 0.47 for rectum, 0.04 and 0.03 for pancreas, 0.08 and 0.10 for lung, 0.41 and 0.42 for kidney, 0.21 and 0.13 for brain, and 0.32 and 0.30 for multiple myeloma, respectively. A modest advancement in 5-year relative survival rates was, however, registered for total cancer mortality (non-melanomatous tumours excluded, from 0.41 to 0.43) while, with regard to specific sites, a significant improvement was seen only for cancer of the testis (from 0.73 to 0.88). More than 10% non-significant improvements in survival were recorded for melanomatous skin cancer (from 0.67 to 0.78), thyroid cancer (from 0.73 to 0.85), particularly in females, non-Hodgkin lymphomas (from 0.37 to 0.45), Hodgkin's disease (from 0.61 to 0.78), cancer of the ovary (from 0.28 to 0.32) and the prostate (from 0.44 to 0.52). However, significant declines in survival rates were seen for cancer of the larynx, gallbladder and biliary tract, and for connective tissue neoplasms. A few differences in the modification of relative survival rates according to age (less than 60 versus greater than or equal to 60 years) were noted for a few cancer sites. Changes were larger in older patients with respect to cancer of the prostate and thyroid and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (increases) and connective neoplasms (decreases). Conversely, changes in survival were greater or restricted to younger individuals for testis, bladder and leukaemias (improvements) and cancer of the mouth or pharynx (decline), thus suggesting the different play of age-specific biological characteristics of some tumours, in addition to diagnostic improvements and gradual spread of effective cancer treatments to more advanced age groups.
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PMID:Trends in cancer survival in Vaud, Switzerland. 151 74

In order to determine the population-based survival of patients with cancer and changes over time, a follow-up study with the Eindhoven Cancer Registry was carried out in 11 hospitals in southeastern Noord Brabant and northern Limburg. Data were collected from medical records and supplemented with information on date of death as of 31 December, 1987, and the relative survival, the ratio of observed and expected survival and trends in age-specific cancer mortality were calculated. Of 22,833 patients diagnosed in the period 1975-85 22,744 could be evaluated; 22% were over 75 years of age and 13% did not receive primary treatment of the tumour. The 5 and 10-year cumulative relative survival rates were 33% and 27% for men and 51% and 44% for women, respectively. The 10-year relative survival rate was more than 50% for Hodgkin's disease, melanoma and cancer of the testis, breast, larynx, thyroid, uterine cervix and corpus; it was less than 20% for multiple myeloma, cancer of the oesophagus, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, lung and brain. Comparison with 5-year relative survival rates for the various tumours reported in Finland, the Canton of Vaud (Switzerland) and the United States revealed only small differences. The 5-year relative survival rate remained unaltered for men and increased from 50% in the period 1975-79 to 52% in 1980-85 for women; it improved mainly in patients below 45 years, while cancer mortality also declined below this age. In conclusion, there was a slight increase of survival of cancer patients, mainly the young and women.
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PMID:[Survival chances of patients diagnosed with cancer in 1975-1985 in southeast Noord-Brabant and north Limburg]. 205 10

Traditional treatment for testicular seminoma produces excellent survival. We report five, second non-testicular malignancies which occurred in a group of seminoma patients. A total of 79 men with primary testicular seminoma were available for analysis. All underwent a radical inguinal orchiectomy. Those with Stage I disease received adjuvant radiation therapy to the para-aortic and ipsilateral iliac nodes. The usual dose was 2500 cGy in 15 treatments. Stage II patients also received prophylactic mediastinal radiation therapy to a dose of 2500 cGy. None of the 51 Stage II patients died of tumour, whereas four of the 28 Stage II patients died of their disease. The median follow-up was ten years (range 4-25 years). The second malignancies seen were melanoma (2), myeloma, caecal adenocarcinoma, and retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma. All but one tumour developed within the radiation fields. Based on US SEER data for white males, only 1.5 cancers were expected, giving significantly greater (P = 0.04) relative risk. This observation lends support to observation, rather than elective treatment, in patients with Stage I testicular cancer.
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PMID:Second malignancies following radiotherapy for testicular seminoma. 226 27

Bone marrow autotransplantation involves the administration of very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or both, followed by infusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. This treatment was used in the past as a salvage therapy for patients with end-stage cancers. Occasional cures in patients with chemotherapy-responsive malignancies encouraged oncologists to utilize this treatment earlier when a better result might be achieved. This has led to a substantial number of long-term disease-free survivors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukemia, and neuroblastoma. Studies are currently ongoing in the treatment of breast cancer, multiple myeloma, testicular cancer, and ovarian cancer. Important areas for future investigation include the identification of optimal criteria for patient selection and timing of the therapy, the need for infusion of hematopoietic stem cells as cloned hematopoietic growth factors become available, the identification of the most effective high-dose regimens, and the need for "purging" tumor cells from the marrow before re-infusion. Successfully addressing these issues will increasingly require large comparative trials.
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PMID:Bone marrow autotransplantation. 264 72

Data from the population-based cancer registry for Los Angeles County, an area with high risk of AIDS, were used to evaluate secular trends of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and other possibly AIDS-related cancers in men aged 18 to 54. Marital status was used as a surrogate for homosexual behavior to compare the proportional incidence rates for the pre-AIDS era, 1972 to 1979, to those for 1980 to 1982 and 1983 to 1985. Both absolute incidence and proportional incidence of KS continue to increase sharply, although in absolute numbers, KS is making a smaller contribution to the total number of AIDS cases as the Los Angeles County epidemic progresses. For never-married men the proportional incidence rate of KS in 1983 to 1985 was nearly 100-fold greater than that of 1972 to 1979 and 7-fold greater than that of 1980 to 1982. High-grade lymphomas show statistically significant secular increases in both never-married and ever-married men, but only the rates of Burkitt's lymphomas have increased to a greater extent in never-married men. A small but significant increase of central nervous system lymphomas is seen in both marital status groups. There is no evidence of any AIDS-related increases in Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, testicular cancer, anal cancer, liver cancer, oral cancer, multiple myeloma, or malignant melanoma. As of 1985, cancer, as a manifestation of AIDS, is still apparently limited to KS and high-grade lymphomas (particularly Burkitt's) in Los Angeles County.
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PMID:AIDS-related secular trends in cancer in Los Angeles County men: a comparison by marital status. 291 Apr 64

Since 1981 there has been a constant rise in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and the anorectum among homosexual men in the United States. In addition, lung cancer, testicular cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, and multiple myeloma have been recently reported in persons at risk for AIDS with HIV infection, with some peculiar clinicopathological features, including age, histological type, and clinical aggressiveness. Within the GICAT (Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo AIDS & Tumori) framework, we have identified four cases of testicular cancer, two cases of leukemia, and 1 case each of cervical cancer, carcinoma of the oral cavity, lung cancer, brain tumor, and multiple myeloma in persons at risk for AIDS, mainly i.v. drug abusers, with HIV infection, diagnosed in different Italian institutions. Work is in progress in order to collect histological and clinical data on these tumors. Although these data are preliminary and are not indicative of an actual increase in the incidence of malignancies other than malignant lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma in the AIDS setting, clinicians should be aware of the possible association of these tumors with HIV infection.
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PMID:Malignant tumors other than lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma in association with HIV infection. 318 Jan 32

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21

Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of hematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is successful in the treatment of aplastic anemia with 70-85% long-term survival. It offers 10-30% apparent cures for patients with acute leukemia who have relapsed at least once, and for those with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first chemotherapy induced remission, and for those with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60% of these patients experience long-term, disease-free survival. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia grafted in second or subsequent remission may expect a 30% "cure" of their disease. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunologic deficiencies and certain genetic storage diseases. Cures of congenital Fanconi's anemia, Blackfan-Diamond anemia, osteopetrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and thalassemia major have been achieved. Marrow transplantation is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, preleukemia, multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma. Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA-identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. More recently, marrow transplants from HLA-nonidentical family members and even from unrelated donors have been successfully explored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Marrow transplantation: the Seattle experience. 391 47

Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of haematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is generally successful when used early in the treatment of aplastic anaemia. It is the only treatment that offers long-term disease-free survival for patients with acute leukaemia who have relapsed at least once, with 10-30 per cent apparent cures. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears also to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia in first chemotherapy induced remission and for those with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60 per cent of these patients are surviving after marrow transplantation in complete remission, apparently cured. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunological-deficiency diseases and certain genetic storage diseases. It is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, small-cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and genetic disorders of haematopoiesis. Cures of congenital Fanconi anaemia, Blackfan-Diamond anaemia, osteopetrosis, and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria have been achieved by marrow grafting. Genetic disorders associated with haemolytic anaemia and cyclic neutropenia have been cured by marrow grafting in animals. Target disorders for marrow transplantation in humans are thalassaemia major and sickle cell disease, and, indeed, a first successful transplant for treatment of thalassaemia major has recently been described (Thomas et al, 1982). Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA-identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. The Seattle team has now explored the use of less well-matched family member donors in more than 80 patients with leukaemia. These donors share one HLA haplotype genetically with the patient and are phenotypically identical at two of the three major HLA loci on the other HLA haplotype (Clift et al, 1979). Overall, the post-transplant survival appears more a reflection of the type and stage of the leukaemia than of the marrow donor. Patients with leukaemia grafted in relapse have a projected survival of 20-30 per cent and those transplanted in remission of 50 per cent. The incidence and severity of GVHD may not be significantly different from that of patients given HLA-identical sibling marrow grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Application of bone marrow transplantation in leukaemia and aplastic anaemia. 635 79

Risk of cancer mortality from 1973 to 1985 in persons born in the Indian subcontinent who migrated to England and Wales was analysed by ethnicity, and compared with cancer mortality in the England and Wales native population, using data from England and Wales death certificates. There were substantial highly significant raised risks in Indian ethnic migrants for cancers of the mouth and pharynx, gall bladder, and liver in each sex, larynx and thyroid in males, and oesophagus in females. There were also substantial raised risks in these migrants of each sex for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloma. For the mouth and pharynx, and liver in each sex, and gall bladder in females, there were also raised risks of lesser magnitude in British ethnic migrants. For colon and rectal cancer and cutaneous melanoma in each sex, ovarian cancer in women and bladder cancer in men, there were appreciable significantly reduced risks in the Indian ethnic migrants not shared by those of British ethnicity. Appreciable raised risks in British ethnic migrants not shared by those of Indian ethnicity occurred for nasopharyngeal cancer in males, soft tissue malignancy in both sexes and non-melanoma skin cancer in males. In migrants of both ethnicities there were appreciable significantly raised risks in each sex for leukaemia and decreased risks in each sex for gastric cancer, for lung cancer except in females of British ethnicity and in males for testicular cancer. The results suggest the need for public health measures to combat the high risks of oral and pharyngeal cancers and liver cancer in the Indian ethnic immigrant population of England and Wales, by prevention of betel quid chewing and hepatitis transmission respectively. The data also imply that early exposures or early acquired behaviours in India, or exposures during migration, may increase the risk of leukaemia and reduce the risks of gastric and testicular cancers in the migrants irrespective of their ethnicity. Aetiological studies would be worthwhile to investigate the reasons for the sizeable decreased risk of colon and rectal cancer and increased risk of gall bladder cancer in each sex and the increased risk of thyroid and laryngeal cancer in males and oesophageal cancer in females of Indian ethnicity but not of British ethnicity who have migrated from the Indian subcontinent.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in Indian and British ethnic immigrants from the Indian subcontinent to England and Wales. 757 89


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