Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and its successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, have conducted a long-term follow-up study of a cohort of 120,000 atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors and non-exposed controls since 1950. The most recent findings regarding cancer mortality and incidence in this cohort can be briefly summarized as follows: 1) An increase in leukemia mortality among A-bomb survivors peaked 5-6 years after the bombing and has decreased with time thereafter. In addition to leukemia, the incidence of cancer of the lung, breast, esophagus, stomach, colon, thyroid, ovary, urinary tract, and multiple myeloma increases with dose. At present, there is no indication of an increase in cancer of the rectum or uterus among A-bomb survivors. In general, radiation-induced solid cancers begin to appear after the age at which they are normally prone to develop, and have continued to increase with time in proportion to the natural increase in mortality of the control group. 2) There are factors which modify the effects of radiation, such as age at the time of bombing (ATB) and sex. Sensitivity to radiation, in terms of cancer induction, is higher for persons who were young ATB in general, than for those who were older ATB. 3) There was no increase in childhood cancer among those exposed while in utero, but there is a recent indication of an increase in cancer incidence among these persons as they age. 4) There seems to be no interaction in a multiplicative way between radiation and smoking and lung cancer induction.
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PMID:Radiation-induced cancer and its modifying factor among A-bomb survivors. 350 38

Monoclonal antibodies against the cell surface were produced by immunizing mice with endometrial scrapings prepared from 6-day pregnant rabbits. Spleen cells from an immune mouse were fused with myeloma cells and cultured by standard hybridoma technology methods. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for reaction with the apical epithelial surface by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of uterus from 6-day pregnant rabbits, and positive colonies were cloned by limiting dilution. Ascites fluid was produced in mice from hybridoma clones that gave a consistent pattern of apical epithelial surface staining through 6 sub-clonings. Antibodies in the ascites fluid were tested by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of uterus, oviduct, lung, liver and kidney from nonpregnant or 6-day pregnant rabbits. At a dilution of 1:5000, the antibodies recognized an antigen that was specific to the apical surface of luminal but not glandular epithelium of the 6-day pregnant uterus and could not be detected in the nonpregnant uterine epithelium. At higher concentrations of antibody (1:100 to 1:1000), crossreaction was seen with antigens in stromal and myometrial cells of pregnant and nonpregnant uterus. At a dilution of 1:5000, the antibody also crossreacted with some components of lung, liver and kidney but without discriminating between the two reproductive states. In the oviduct, staining of the surface epithelium was specific to the pregnant state. We conclude that this monoclonal antibody has a high affinity for a luminal epithelial cell surface antigen in the reproductive tract of the pregnant rabbit and shows multiple organ reactivity with other tissues that is not affected by pregnancy. This antigen will provide a useful cell surface marker of epithelial differentiation in the progestational reproductive tract.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies recognize a cell surface marker of epithelial differentiation in the rabbit reproductive tract. 354 36

About 700 antibody-secreting hybrids were obtained by fusion of lymphocytes, (harvested from mice hyperimmunized with the human gastric carcinoma line KATO III) and P3-X63-Ag8-653 myeloma cells. Antibody specificity was screened in ELISA performed on glutaraldehyde-fixed cultured cells and on paraffin-embedded tissue sections stained with the method of avidin-biotin-peroxidase. When tested in ELISA, the monoclonal antibody produced by the hybrid clone BD-5 was found to bind only to the cell line used as immunogen, among the many neoplastic or normal human cell lines tested. When assayed on paraffin sections with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, the BD-5 monoclonal antibody stained gastric carcinomas, but not the normal mucosa. Pancreatic carcinomas were also stained, while the corresponding normal gland was not. The antibody strongly stained the normal colonic and small intestinal mucosa. Among the other normal or neoplastic tissues tested, a weak reactivity was observed only with some epithelial cells of the salivary glands and with some carcinoma cells of the uterus and of the lung. It is concluded that the BD-5 antibody reacts with an epitope normally present on intestinal mucosa, which, following neoplastic transformation, is ectopically expressed also on gastric and pancreatic carcinomas. This monoclonal could represent a useful reagent for histopathological diagnosis.
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PMID:Production of monoclonal antibodies for the immunohistochemical detection of gastric carcinomas. 355 23

Nonactivated (8.5S) rabbit uterine progestin receptor was enriched 10- to 30-fold by chromatography on columns of spheroidal hydroxylapatite and DEAE-cellulose. A total of approximately 25 micrograms of receptor (purity approximately 1%) was injected at multiple sites into a BALB/c mouse. After several injections, splenic lymphocytes were fused with P3x63Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells. This fusion produced in excess of 240 hybridomas, which were screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. One colony (KN 382/EC1) produced a mouse immunoglobulin G1 which bound rabbit 8.5S uterine progestin receptor. The cell line has been repeatedly cloned under conditions of limiting dilution and expanded in mice as ascitic tumors. Antibody was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and affinity chromatography with protein A - Sepharose CL-4B. Specificity of the antibody was determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The antibody bound to progestin receptors from rabbit uterus and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. It did not react with progestin receptors from rat uterus, guinea pig uterus, or chick oviduct, nor did it bind to estrogen receptors from any of the tissues we tested.
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PMID:Development of a monoclonal antibody to the rabbit 8.5S uterine progestin receptor. 398 62

Two hundred and thirty-six cases of multiple primary cancer associated with hematological malignancies, collected from 35 medical institutions in Japan, are reported. Based on the time interval between the first cancer and the second cancer, they were divided into three groups: synchronous cancer (94 cases), metachronous cancer subsequent to hematological malignancy (61 cases) and metachronous hematological malignancy subsequent to carcinoma (76 cases). The most common initial cancers were acute leukemia (including atypical leukemia and erythroleukemia), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and chronic myelogenous leukemia of the hematological malignancies, and gastric cancer of the carcinomas. Patients with cancer of the uterus and breast in the metachronous cancer group metachronously developed hematological malignancies more frequently than those in the synchronous cancer group. Multiple primary cancer was observed more frequently in men than in women both in the synchronous cancer group and in the group with metachronous cancer subsequent to hematological malignancies. Acute leukemia was the most frequent disease type in incidence among the metachronous hematological malignancies. This secondary acute leukemia was characterized by a mostly granulocytic nature, poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis.
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PMID:Multiple primary cancers associated with hematological malignancies. 400 83

Balb/c mice were immunized with membrane preparations of primary and metastatic breast carcinomas or with live breast cancer cell lines. Sixty-two fusions were performed between immune splenocytes and SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells, and 107 hybridomas were cloned that produced antibody reactive with breast cancer membrane extract, cell lines, and frozen sections, but not with normal tissue membrane extracts or a human fibroblast line. Ninety-four monoclonal antibodies were purified and tested for binding to 16 normal tissue frozen sections and five blood cell types. Thirty-five of the 94 antibodies were also tested on breast cancer sections from 21 patients, 14 breast cancer cell lines, and 11 nonbreast tumor sections. Two of 94 antibodies showed no reactivity to any of the 21 normal tissues or 11 nonbreast neoplasms studied. These two antibodies, 451B7 and 452F2, bound 60% of the breast cancer cell lines and 25% of the breast cancer tissue sections. Eight additional antibodies bound three or fewer of 21 normal tissues. These antibodies bound 25-85% of breast cancer sections, 0-75% of breast cancer cell lines, and many of the nonbreast cancers. A comparison of normal tissues and nonbreast tumors bound by the breast cancer-reactive antibodies indicated that most of the cross-reacting normal tissue structures were epithelial in origin, and that the most cross-reactive nonbreast cancers were those of secondary sex organs (uterus, prostate, ovary).
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PMID:Tissue distribution of breast cancer-associated antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. 402 Mar 86

Among 4,184 patients with cancer of the esophagus, 55 second primary cancers were observed, whereas 64 were expected [relative risk (RR) = 0.86]. The absence of an excess risk of alcohol- and tobacco-related cancers was not anticipated. A significant 19% deficit of second cancers was found among 30,843 patients with stomach cancer. Cancer of the rectum, kidney, and lung all occurred significantly below expectation. An excess risk of ovarian cancer (RR = 1.9) was seen in women. Reasons for these findings are not entirely clear. Cancer of the small intestine is rare, and despite a relatively short survival expectation, a moderate excess of second cancers was seen among 868 patients (36 vs. 26.8). Only cancers of the liver and gallbladder were significantly elevated, and the possibility of misclassified metastases is discussed. Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in Denmark, and 29,490 patients with this disease were at slightly lower risk for development of second cancer (RR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.0) than the general Danish population, excluding secondary colon cancers. Esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers occurred less frequently than expected. That cancers of the uterine corpus and ovary were significantly increased supports the notion that common risk factors, such as diet and endogenous hormones, influence the development of these cancers. A significant 23% deficit of second cancers was also found among 26,597 patients with cancer of the rectum, excluding secondary rectal cancer. Significant deficits were seen for cancers of the stomach (RR = 0.5), lung (RR = 0.8), and brain (RR = 0.5), and for multiple myeloma (RR = 0.4). The likelihood of underreporting of second cancers, especially of the digestive system, is discussed. However, cancer of sites previously reported to be associated with rectal cancer, e.g., the colon, breast, and uterus, did not occur below expectation. Cancers of the liver and biliary tract occurred in 4,453 patients; their average survival was only 1 year. Except for a slight excess of cancer of the ovary (5 vs. 1.6), the risk of second cancer development for all sites was consistent with unity (RR = 0.90). The risk of second cancers among 7,752 persons with cancer of the pancreas was not greater than expected (88 vs. 85.2). Males were at significant risk of kidney cancer (RR = 3.2), whereas females showed elevated rates of cancers of the uterine corpus (RR = 3.2) and ovary (RR = 3.1). No site occurred significantly below expectation.
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PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the digestive system in Denmark, 1943-80. 408 3

Peroxidase was purified from uteri of estrogen-treated rats by calcium chloride extraction, affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose. An overall purification of greater than 1700-fold was achieved with a final recovery of 27%. Monoclonal antibodies to peroxidase were subsequently prepared by immunization of male C57BL/10J mice with the highly purified peroxidase from rat uterus. Spleen and lymph node cells from the mice were fused with Sp2/0-Ag 14 mouse myeloma cells. The resultant hybrid cells were screened for production of antibody using a solid-phase, double antibody radioimmunoassay. The mature rat spleen, shown previously to be abundant in eosinophils, contains high peroxidase activity. Spleen peroxidase purified by the same procedure as the uterine enzyme cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody, designated IgG-107B, used in all subsequent studies. Peroxidase extracted from isolated rat eosinophils also cross-reacted with the antibody and yielded identical titers as the spleen and uterine peroxidases. Spleen, uterine and horse eosinophil peroxidase had the same apparent molecular weight, 57000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Following electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose, spleen, uterine and eosinophil peroxidase reacted with monoclonal antibody, using an immunoblotting technique. These results provide biochemical and immunological evidence that the majority of the calcium chloride-extractable peroxidase activity from the uteri of estrogen-treated rats is derived from infiltrating eosinophils.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody to rat uterine peroxidase and its use in identification of the peroxidase as being of eosinophil origin. 650 85

Splenic lymphocytes of mice, immunized with membrane-enriched fractions of metastatic human mammary carcinoma tissues, were fused with the NS-1 non-immunoglobulin-secreting murine myeloma cell line. This resulted in the generation of hybridoma cultures secreting immunoglobulins reactive in solid-phase radioimmunoassays with extracts of metastatic mammary carcinoma cells from involved livers, but not with extracts of apparently normal human liver. As a result of further screening of immunoglobulin reactivities and double cloning of cultures, 11 monoclonal antibodies were chosen that demonstrated reactivities with human mammary tumor cells and not with apparently normal human tissues. These monoclonal antibodies could be placed into at least five major groups on the basis of their differential binding to the surface of various live human mammary tumor cells in culture, to extracts of mammary tumor tissues, or to tissue sections of mammary tumor cells studied by the immunoperoxidase technique. Whereas a spectrum of reactivities to mammary tumors was observed with the 11 monoclonal antibodies, no reactivity was observed to apparently normal cells of the following human tissues: breast, lymph node, lung, skin, testis, kidney, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, uterus, thyroid, intestine, liver, bladder, tonsils, stomach, prostate, and salivary gland. Several of the antibodies also demonstrated a "pancarcinoma" reactivity, showing binding to selected non-breast carcinomas. None of the monoclonal antibodies showed binding to purified ferritin or carcinoembryonic antigen. Monoclonal antibodies of all five major groups, however, demonstrated binding to human metastatic mammary carcinoma cells both in axillary lymph nodes and at distal sites.
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PMID:A spectrum of monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary tumor cells. 678 31

The incidence of malignant tumors in the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) Life Span Study (LSS) sample in Nagasaki as revealed by the Nagasaki Tumor Registry was investigated for the period 1959-1978. (1) No bias in exposure status in data collection was revealed. Neither method of diagnosis nor reporting hospitals nor the frequency of "doubtful" cases differ by exposure dose. (2) The risk of radiogenic cancer definitely increases with radiation dose for leukemia, cancers of the breast, lung, stomach, and thyroid, and suggestively so for cancers of the colon and urinary tract and multiple myeloma. However, no increase is seen for cancer of the esophagus, liver, gall bladder, uterus, ovary, or salivary gland or for malignant lymphoma. (3) In general, the relative risks based on incidence, that is, on the tumor registry data, are either the same or somewhat higher than those based on mortality in the same years; however, the absolute risk estimates [excess cancer per 10(6) Person Year Rad (PYR)] are far higher. (4) Since A-bomb radiation in Nagasaki consisted essentially of gamma rays, the present report provides a good opportunity to examine the shape of the dose-response curve for gamma exposures. Unfortunately, statistically one cannot actually distinguish one model from another among a simple linear, a quadratic, or a linear quadratic response. Further data are obviously necessary.
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PMID:Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors, report 7. Part III. incidence of cancer in 1959-1978, based on the tumor registry, Nagasaki. 682 4


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