Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated by molecular hybridization whether T cells contain RNA sequences homologous to RNA which codes for immunoglobulin kappa-chain (k-chain). A radioactive probe of complementary DNA (cDNA) was prepared by transcription of purified k-chain mRNA from mouse myeloma MOPC-41 with reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent-DNA nucleotidyltransferase) from avian myeloblastosis virus. The cDNA probably corresponded only to the constant region and 3'-terminus of k-chain mRNA. Kappa-chain cDNA was found to hybridize efficiently with RNA from both thymus cells and an established culture of thymoma cells. The thymus and thymoma cells contained 99.8% and 100% theta-positive cells, respectively. Quantitatively the average thymus T cell (thymus derived lymphocyte) contained about one half as much k-chain mRNA as the average spleen B cell ("bursa" dependent lymphocyte), whereas the thymoma cells contained only 1/33 as much. Control hybridizations of k-chain cDNA with myeloma and liver RNA support the conclusion that T cells in the thymus and in the thymoma cell line synthesize k-chain mRNA-like molecules. The thermal stability of hybrids of k-chain cDNA with RNA from spleen, thymus, thymoma, and another k-chain producing myeloma tumor was lower than that with MOPC-41 RNA. This finding may be due to the existence of several slightly different ck genes in the mouse as suggested by various control experiments.
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PMID:Sequences related to immunoglobulin kappa chain messenger RNA in T cells. 82 Oct 55

A wide range of cell populations were examined for Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing T cells: thymus, spleen, peritoneal cells, and T cells activated to H-2 antigens in spleen (ATC spleen) and in thoracic duct lymph (T-TDL). In addition, B lymphocytes from thoracic duct lymph of athymic nude mice and a Thy-1-positive, FcR-positive thymoma served as control cell populations. Reagents used were aggregates of human gamma-globulin and of various mouse myeloma proteins (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b), radioiodinated antigen-antibody complexes, and sheep erythrocyte antibody rosettes. Labeling techniques involving radioautography and immunofluorescence were used to demonstrate FcR by one of the above reagents and to identify T cells either by staining with anti-Thy-1.2 or by a specific rabbit anti-mouse T cell serum, or by failure to stain with anti-mouse immunoglobulin. In some experiments phagocytic cells were removed whereas in others they were identified by their capacity to engulf latex particles. Approximately 25% of cells with T cell markers were FcR-bearing cells in thymus, normal spleen, and peritoneal cavity, and 17% in ATC spleen. FcR on T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues were detectable by aggregates of HGG and myeloma proteins and by radioiodinated immune complexes. Those on T cells in thymus were revealed only by aggregates of HGG. Circulating T cells (T.TDL) failed to display FcR: a) despite the use of a wide range of the above labeling techniques, each of which was shown to detect FcR on other T cells, thymoma cells, and B cells, and b) even after removal of Ig associated with their cell membranes. In contrast to B cell FcR which bound IgG1 preferentially, those on T cells bound both IgG1 and IgG2, raising the possibility that the FcR on T cell is distinct from that on B cell. It is concluded that FcR-bearing T cells represent a subpopulation of cells within the thymus and the secondary lymphoid tissues.
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PMID:A subpopulation of T cells bearing Fc receptors. 110 Jul 23

Monoclonal antibodies specific to the infective-stage promastigotes of Leishmania major are needed for developing rapid diagnostic assays of infected sand flies. An in vitro immunization protocol was applied for the production of monoclonal antibodies using small amounts of L. major. Infective-stage promastigotes were isolated from sand flies (Phlebotomus papatasi) 7-10 days after infection and used as antigen for immunization. Two weeks after a primary immunization, murine splenocytes were removed and immunized in vitro with antigen in murine EL-4 thymoma cell conditioned medium. Three fusions were performed using X63-Ag.653 myeloma cells as fusion partners and two fusions were performed using FOX-NY cells. Antibodies specific to promastigotes were detected using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Initially 56 monoclonal antibodies were selected, and their species and stage specificity were determined using both an ELISA and an indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA). Twelve monoclonal antibodies showed species specificity to L. major when tested against four sympatric species of Leishmania. Four other monoclonal antibodies showed species and infective-stage specificity to L. major promastigotes. When tested in immunoblots, all four species- and stage-specific monoclonal antibodies bound to five protein bands that were unique to the infective-stage promastigotes.
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PMID:Species- and infective stage-specific monoclonal antibodies to Leishmania major produced by an in vitro immunization method. 208 35

Between December 1986 and December 1988, the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-Related Tumours documented 49 HIV-related tumours other than malignant lymphomas (ML) and Kaposi's sarcomas (KS), predominantly among HIV-infected intravenous drug abusers (IVDA). Of 12 germinal testicular tumours collected, six were seminomas, two of which were pure embryonal and the other four embryonal mixed. Cervical carcinoma was observed in nine IVDAs (intraepithelial in eight and advanced, with rapid progression, in one). Lung cancer associated with HIV infection was reported in eight patients, of whom four had an adenocarcinoma, two a small cell carcinoma, one an epidermoid carcinoma and one a mesothelioma. All patients with non-small-cell-lung cancer (SCLC) were at stage III, while those with SCLC and mesothelioma had limited disease. Five out of eight presented with limited disease at onset. The median age was low; lung cancer occurred predominantly in young adults, of whom all but one were smokers. Three patients could not be treated; four died while on treatment because of progression of the neoplasia and one died of an overdose. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was diagnosed in five patients. The immunophenotype was always Burkitt-like (L3), and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (M2) was diagnosed in one. Of the central nervous system (CNS) tumours, two cases of glioblastoma and one of medulloblastoma were described. Two cases of young adults with multiple myeloma and two cases of colorectal carcinoma were also reported. One case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, one anorectal carcinoma, one oral carcinoma, one pancreatic carcinoma, one thymoma, one kidney carcinoma, one malignant melanoma and thyroid carcinoma were also found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Unusual malignant tumours in 49 patients with HIV infection. 250 49

Mouse cell lines of different lineages have been established which constitutively secrete large quantities of recombinant mouse interleukins (mIL2, mIL3, mIL4 or mIL5). An existing bovine papilloma virus-based expression vector, pBV-1MTHA, was modified to allow transformed X63Ag8-653 myeloma cells, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and C127 mammary tumor cells to stably carry multiple copies of the vector, to express the inserted cDNA encoding a single interleukin constitutively, and to secrete the interleukin in high quantities. Cell lines transformed with mIL2 cDNA stably carried 30-100 copies of the plasmid per cell and constitutively secreted biologically active mIL2 in quantities similar to those produced by murine EL4 thymoma cells or rat spleen cells stimulated with mitogens. Deletion of the 3' untranslated region containing AT-rich sequences from the mIL2 cDNA resulted in a 100-fold increase in the constitutive production and secretion of mIL2 by the transformants. Addition of a heavy metal further increased the production 2 to 6-fold. Cells transformed with 3'-deleted mIL3 cDNA constitutively secreted 300-1000 times higher activities of mIL3 than the myelomonocytic leukemia line WEHI3. mIL4 produced by the similar transformants induced [3H]thymidine uptake of a T cell line, a mast cell line and B leukemia cells, and enhanced the production of IgG1 by B cells. IL4 titers were 150 times higher than those produced by the concanavalin A-stimulated T cell line 2.19. mIL5 was secreted by similar transformants at 10-fold higher titers than those produced by concanavalin A-stimulated 2.19 T cells, as judged by the proliferation and maturation of B cell leukemia BCL1. The expression vectors should be useful in establishing eukaryotic cell lines producing proteins from full length cDNA clones at higher rates. The established cell lines secreting IL2, 3, 4 or 5 at high rate should be useful sources for these interleukins in the investigation of their function in the immune system.
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PMID:Establishment of mouse cell lines which constitutively secrete large quantities of interleukin 2, 3, 4 or 5, using modified cDNA expression vectors. 283 Oct 66

A T helper clone (clone 9), isolated from a H-2d anti-H-2b mixed lymphocyte culture, was previously found to produce an antigen-specific helper factor (ASHF) that could be specifically absorbed out with BIO.A(2R) (KkAkEkDb), but not B10.A (KkAkEkDd), spleen cells. In order to characterize this ASHF further, we have constructed T-cell hybridoma lines by fusing clone 9 cells with the AKR thymoma, BW5147. One of these hybridoma clones, referred to as clone 25, produced an ASHF that was specific for the Db alloantigen. Immunization of allogeneic C57BL/6 mice with clone 9 cells and subsequent fusion of these immune spleen cells with non-secreting myeloma cells led to the isolation of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone 30 IgM) that was capable of neutralizing the helper activity of clone 25 ASHF. Clone 30 IgM affinity column was found to retain clone 25 ASHF; clone 30 IgM column eluates augmented the cytotoxic responses of CBA/J thymocytes to B6(H-2b), but not D2(H-2d), alloantigens. Preabsorption of clone 25 ASHF with Db-bearing spleen cells prior to affinity purification over a clone 30 IgM column resulted in the abrogation of Db-specific helper activity as well as the loss of a 50,000 molecular weight (MW) band in SDS-polyacrylamide gels run under reducing conditions. Clone 25 ASHF was also retained by immunoadsorbents made with an IgG2a mAb (F23.1) the reactivity of which is against the beta chain of the T-cell receptor. Furthermore, affinity purification of clone 25 ASHF over a F23.1 affinity column, but not an irrelevant mAb column, also yielded a 50,000 MW molecule. These findings suggest that this particular ASHF may be intimately related to the T-cell antigen receptor.
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PMID:Characterization of a Db-specific helper factor required for the induction of cytotoxic responses to alloantigens with the use of monoclonal antibodies specific for the helper factor or the T-cell antigen receptor. 295 97

The presence of very high numbers of type C and type A retroviral particles was repeatedly confirmed not only in myeloma cells NSI, Ag 8 and in thymoma cells BW5147, EL 4 but also in B and T cell hybridomas constructed from the myeloma and thymoma cells used. Retroviral particles were demonstrated by current electron-microscopic and physicochemical methods. Biological tests for the induction of possible malignant or any pathological changes in the artificially infected sensitive cells during long-term cultivations in vitro or in vivo gave negative results. Nevertheless, on account of the hitherto unknown action of retroviruses one can suppose that monoclonal products from B and T cell hybridomas, particularly when used for practical purposes, should be purified because of their infectious nature.
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PMID:The presence of retroviral particles in hybridoma cell lines. 301 74

Hybridoma H129 .19 was derived by fusion between spleen cells of a Lou / Ws1 rat immunized with an Lyt-1+,2- anti-I-Ak cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone and the nonsecreting myeloma X63-Ag8.653. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) H129 .19 (IgG2a, kappa) was selected for its capacity to inhibit the lytic potential of the immunizing clone. H129 .19 identified a monomorphic determinant on a 55 m.w. murine T cell differentiation antigen, which appeared to be homologous to the human T4 molecule in that: 1) H129 .19 reacted with 80% adult thymocytes, with a subset of splenic T cells, and with the interleukin 2 (IL 2)-producing EL4 thymoma; 2) The mAb bound to and inhibited the IL 2 production and the proliferation of various allo- or soluble antigen-reactive T cell clones that recognized restriction or activating determinants on the I-A or I-E molecules, respectively; 3) H129 .19 did not inhibit the proliferation and/or cytolysis of Lyt-2,3+ T cells specific for class I MHC antigen; and 4) Among six anti-Iak CTL clones examined in this study, the mAb H129 .19 reacted with two I-Ak-specific, Lyt-2,3- clones on which it exerted strong cytolysis inhibiting effect at the effector cell level. By contrast, two other anti-I-Ak and two anti-I-Ek CTL clones were found to express the Lyt-2,3+,T4- cell surface phenotype. The cytolytic potential of the latter clones was not inhibited by anti-Lyt-2,3 mAb. These studies strongly suggest that the mouse T4 molecule facilitates the recognition of class II MHC antigen by most but not all T cells.
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PMID:A rat anti-mouse T4 monoclonal antibody (H129.19) inhibits the proliferation of Ia-reactive T cell clones and delineates two phenotypically distinct (T4+, Lyt-2,3-, and T4-, Lyt-2,3+) subsets among anti-Ia cytolytic T cell clones. 620 60

Continued monitoring of a family for new malignant tumors has revealed diverse immunological and neoplastic disorders during a 15-year period. In 1966, the proband developed lymphoma. In 1975, his antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) became elevated, and again, he developed a malignant lymphoma. He also had borderline hypo-immunoglobulin A, died of glioblastoma multiforme in 1977, and at autopsy, had adenomatous colonic polyps. His eldest brother has normal immunoglobulin levels, but developed immune thrombocytopenia in 1973 and had elevated EBV antibody titers in 1980. Another brother had hypo-immunoglobulin A, thymoma in 1965, and adenomas and adenocarcinoma of the colon. Two other brothers succumbed to glioblastoma in 1968 and 1969. The father of the proband had bronchiectasis in 1952, hypo-immunoglobulin M documented in 1972, and elevated EBV antibody titers 5 years preceding development of a malignant lymphoma. The latter contained 10 EBV genome equivalents/cell by EBV viral DNA/DNA reassociation kinetics analysis. The proband's grandmother had died of an immunoglobulin G-secreting myeloma in 1977, and his grandfather had borderline low immunoglobulin M, elevated EBV antibody titers, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma in 1980. Predisposition to oncogenesis in this family was probably inherited.
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PMID:Diverse familial malignant tumors and Epstein-Barr virus. 627 70

Human chromosome 3 has been identified as responsible for expression of the transferrin receptor in mouse-human lymphocyte hybrids. The receptor was detected by immunoprecipitation with anti-human receptor antibody of 125I-labeled cells. This method also detected a similar 94,000-dalton protein in mouse cells. A radioimmunoassay developed for the human transferrin receptor measured 10% crossreactivity with the mouse protein. The two proteins were distinguished by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel patterns of partial proteolytic digests of the immunoprecipitated proteins. Mouse-human hybrids were generated by fusing a mouse thymoma (BW5147) cell line to either concanavalin A- or pokeweed mitogen-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes or a mouse myeloma (NS-1) to uncultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Each hybrid was karyotyped with respect to both mouse and human chromosomes. In every case, expression of the human transferrin receptor correlated only with human chromosome 3.
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PMID:Human transferrin receptor: expression of the receptor is assigned to chromosome 3. 628 43


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