Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical, hematologic, and immunologic findings for 14 dogs with Ehrlichia canis monoclonal gammopathy were studied retrospectively. Epistaxis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and proteinuria were documented in the majority of these dogs. The serum protein electrophoresis pattern was characterized by a distinct narrow-base monoclonal spike, by a broad-base monoclonal spike, or by a monoclonal spike superimposed on a polyclonal gammopathy. The monoclonal spike disappeared following tetracycline treatment for ehrlichiosis. The long-term prognosis following treatment was generally good. The diagnostic features of monoclonal gammopathy due to myeloma were compared with those of E. canis monoclonal gammopathy. Owing to numerous similarities in clinical, hematologic, and immunologic findings, we conclude that an E. canis antibody titer should be determined in all dogs in which a diagnosis of benign monoclonal gammopathy is contemplated or definitive evidence of myeloma, leukemia, or macroglobulinemia is lacking.
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PMID:Monoclonal gammopathy associated with naturally occurring canine ehrlichiosis. 350 17

The incidence, severity and prognostic value of thrombocytopenia were studied in 80 patients with myeloma in connection with the clinical stage of the disease and the reaction to the cytostatic treatment. The studies were carried out before the treatment and followed up in the course of the treatment to remission or absence of remission. The results established a progressing thrombocytopenia with the evolution of the disease. Severe thrombocytopenia was established only in stage III, being with an unfavourable prognosis as regards the therapeutic response. The pathogenetic mechanism of its origination are discussed--malignant process in bone marrow, renal insufficiency, advancement of DIC syndrome and toxic effect by the cytostatics administered.
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PMID:[Prognostic value of thrombocytopenia in myeloma]. 359 Jul 37

Natural interferon-alpha preparation "Sumiferon" was recently developed in Japan. This is a human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) preparation. Like other interferon preparations, this preparation showed both direct and indirect antitumor effect and the toxicities were moderate. The phase I-II studies were carried out in 38 major institutions in Japan. In the phase I study in 5 patients with advanced breast cancer, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was found to be 12 X 10(6) units/day given for 1 month. In the phase II study, HLBI was given in at 3 approximately 6 X 10(6) units/day. Out of 391 cases, 280 were evaluable. Complete and partial responses (CR and PR) were observed in 40 (14.3%) out of 280 evaluable cases, including 11 (19.6%) out of 56 renal cell cancer, 14 (19.2%) out of 73 multiple myeloma, and 9 (17.3) out of 52 malignant lymphoma among others. Major side effects observed were: fever (69.8%), gastrointestinal disturbances (31.4%), leukopenia (30.7%), thrombocytopenia (27.8%), hepatotoxicities (23.6%) and general fatigue (22.1%). Sumiferon seemed to be one of useful antitumor drugs effective against renal cancer.
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PMID:[Introduction of natural interferon-alpha "Sumiferon"]. 363 77

Four weeks after returning from a holiday on Ischia, a 53-year-old man fell ill with nocturnal sweating, fever, severe general malaise and hepatosplenomegaly. Sternal marrow and liver punctures revealed an infection with Leishmania donovani, i.e. Kala-Azar. Characteristic features were hyperplasia of the plasma cells in the bone marrow and liver, together with lymphoplasmocytoid cell wash-out and polyclonal IgG proteinaemia. Treatment with pentamidine (Lomidine) was unsatisfactory, while all manifestations of the disease regressed after two courses of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam), although the hypergammaglobulinaemia and hyperproteinaemia disappeared only slowly. The plasma-cell hyperplasia in conjunction with the hypergammaglobulinaemia, which suggest multiple myeloma, is interpreted as a result of antibody formation by the chronic parasitic infection. Together with storage-cell hyperplasia it is also taken to be the cause of the peripheral leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:[Kala-azar originating in Ischia]. 365 55

Various defects in platelet function have been reported as being associated with multiple myeloma. In 30 myeloma patients and 15 healthy controls, we investigated platelet survival using in vitro labeling of autologous platelets with 111indium-oxine and measuring the in vivo kinetics of the radioisotope. Significantly shortened platelet half-life in patients averaged 73 hours, while platelet half-life in the healthy controls averaged 107 hours. In myeloma patients, serum levels of thromboxane B2, beta-thromboglobulin, and platelet factor 4 were significantly elevated; aggregation indices were within the pathological range; platelet counts and spleen-liver indices, however, were comparable to those of the healthy control group. No statistical correlation was found between platelet half-life and paraprotein concentrations. Our findings suggest an initial--so far unexplained--intravascular process of platelet activation and consumption that finally manifests in shortened platelet half-life. It seems that overt thrombocytopenia develops only when the compensatory capacity of the bone marrow finally becomes exhausted. Further studies should be able to elucidate the pathophysiologic processes involved.
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PMID:Shortened platelet half-life in multiple myeloma. 373 Jun 14

Twenty-one patients with alkylator-resistant plasmacell neoplasms were treated with Peptichemio (PTC) at a dose of 40 mg/m2 for 3 days every 3 weeks or, in the case of persistent leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia, at the single dose of 70 mg/m2 every 2-3 weeks according to haematological recovery. Seventeen patients, 10 with multiple myeloma and seven with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), were fully evaluable. Six of 17 patients (35%) responded: three of seven EMP patients had a complete remission and 3 of 10 multiple myeloma patients had an objective response greater than 50%. The median duration of response was 8.5 months. An EMP patient obtained a complete response lasting for 16 months. The most frequent toxic effect were phlebosclerosis, occurring in all the patients, and myelosuppression, which was severe in only one case. PTC appears to be an active drug in patients with plasmacell neoplasms even if resistant to alkylating agents.
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PMID:Peptichemio in pretreated patients with plasmacell neoplasms. 378 Aug 12

Sixty-seven patients with hematological malignancies and 4 with cancers were evaluated in this study. Standard administration of MCNU was instituted intravenously using 50-100 mg/m2 every 2 or 4 weeks, whereas some cases were treated with a higher dose therapy. Of 10 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, 7 achieved complete remission (CR), and 1 achieved partial remission (PR). A good response was also obtained in 9 of 10 patients with polycythemia vera and in all 4 patients with essential thrombocythemia. MCNU was less effective in malignant lymphoma (ML) and multiple myeloma (MM) than in myeloproliferative disorders. Two of 15 patients with ML and one of 21 patients with MM achieved CR, and two with ML and three MM achieved PR. Three patients with lung cancer and 1 with gastric cancer showed no response to MCNU. Delayed anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 38.7% of patients, and these were regarded as major side effects of MCNU. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia and elevated transaminase were also found in about 24% of patients, but only transiently. Our study indicates that MCNU is useful for chemotherapy of hematological malignancies, especially of myeloproliferative disorders. Therefore, further studies on combination chemotherapy with MCNU should be developed.
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PMID:[Phase II study of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU)]. 385 48

A Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A, Ro 22-8181) was performed in 121 patients with hematological malignancies at 33 institutions from July, 1982 to May, 1984. Patients received Ro 22-8181 by intramuscular injection daily for more than 4 weeks. Daily doses were escalated from 3 X 10(6) to 6X, 9X, 18X, 36X and 50X 10(6) units every 3-7 days. Among 70 evaluable cases, complete or partial responses were observed in 15 patients (21.4%). One complete and 10 partial responses (22.4%) were noted in 49 cases of multiple myeloma, 2 partial remissions (18.2%) in 11 cases of malignant lymphoma and 2 partial remissions (25.0%) in 8 cases of leukemia. Side effects included fever (57.0%), anorexia (34.2%), nausea-vomiting (22.8%), malaise (19.0%), leukopenia (44.3%), thrombocytopenia (45.6%) and increase of GOT or GPT (26.6% or 22.8%). They were all not serious and disappeared quickly after the discontinuation of Ro 22-8181.
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PMID:[Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (Ro 22-8181) in hematological malignancies]. 388 64

A Phase I study of interferon alfa-2a was conducted in 20 patients with disseminated cancer to establish the relationship between dose and interferon-related side effects. Fever was the most common side effect, and was not dose-related. Other side effects not related to dose included flu-like symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and numbness of fingers and toes. A dose-response relationship was seen for leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and the elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). A Phase II study was then conducted in 641 patients to evaluate the efficacy of interferon alfa-2a in a number of disseminated malignant neoplasms. The 415 male and 226 female patients, almost all of whom had malignancies refractory to standard therapy, were treated with interferon alfa-2a at an initial daily dose of 3 X 10(6) U for 3 days. Doses were increased gradually at 3- to 7-day intervals until the therapeutic dosage was established. The daily dose could not exceed 50 X 10(6) U, and treatment was continued for at least one month. Efficacy rates, for 65 patients who achieved partial or complete responses, based on the total number of evaluable patients by cancer type were: 11/49 (22.4%), multiple myeloma; 4/21 (19%), lymphomas; 15/108 (13.8%), renal cell carcinoma; 2/30 (6.6%), bladder cancer; 4/39 (10.2%), brain tumors; 5/26 (19.2%), melanoma; 12/12 (100%), cutaneous lymphoma; 10/19 (52.6%), other skin cancers; 2/30 (6.6%), bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Overall, 65/371 (17.5%) of evaluable subjects responded.
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PMID:Clinical studies of recombinant interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) in cancer patients. 394 42

Eighteen patients with multiple myeloma were treated by hemibody irradiation using large single fractions, usually to a dose of 10 Gy (lower half) and 7.5 Gy (upper half). All except one patient had previously been treated by multiple courses of conventional chemotherapy with melphalan and prednisone, and were considered to be resistant to further chemotherapy. In most cases, local field irradiation had also been given for symptomatic bone pain. Of the 13 patients who had symptoms at the start of hemibody irradiation, 11 improved sufficiently for their analgesia requirement to be reduced. In eight patients, there was a significant fall in circulating immunoglobulin but no patient with Bence-Jones proteinuria had complete resolution of this biochemical abnormality. Although thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were common, only two patients required platelet transfusion and the treatment was in general extremely well tolerated. Survival following hemibody irradiation was similar to the survival reported from the use of "second-line" chemotherapy and we feel that hemibody irradiation is a more acceptable alternative for most patients.
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PMID:Hemibody irradiation in multiple myeloma. 397 37


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