Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Maintenance hemodialysis and chemotherapeutic agents were used in the treatment of seven patients with end-stage myeloma kidney disease. Results indicate that with the use of such therapy life can be prolonged substantially. It appears that patients with myeloma-with or without serious extrarenal complications-are suitable candidates for maintenance hemodialysis and should not be denied the treatment even in the face of systemic neoplasm.
West J Med 1977 Feb
PMID:Maintenance hemodialysis in myeloma kidney disease. 84 82

Cancer mortality during 1970-85 of immigrants from East and West Africa and the Caribbean to England and Wales is described. Overall cancer mortality was raised in West African males (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-1.54), and non-significantly raised in West African females (RR 1.14, 0.96-1.37) compared to mortality in the England and Wales-born population. Much of the increased risk was due to very high rates of liver cancer in males (RR 31.6, 23.8-41.9), but rates were also raised for a wide range of other cancers in each sex. Only lung and brain cancer had significantly decreased mortality. In East Africans, overall cancer mortality was low in males (RR 0.63, 0.56-0.70), and in females (RR 0.80, 0.72-0.89). Mortality was significantly low for cancers of the stomach, pancreas and testis, and Hodgkin's disease in males, for cervical cancer in females, and for lung cancer and melanoma in both sexes. Cancer sites with significantly raised mortality included oropharyngeal cancer, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma in both sexes. In Caribbean immigrants overall cancer rates were significantly low in males (RR 0.71, 0.68-0.74) and in females (RR 0.76, 0.73-0.80). Mortality was significantly low for many cancers including colorectal, lung, testis and brain cancers. Mortality was significantly raised only for cancer of the prostate in males, of the placenta in females, and of the liver, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in both sexes. Overall, mortality was high from prostatic cancer and liver cancer, and was low from brain cancer, in predominantly ethnic African immigrant groups. Both East and West African immigrants had raised rates of leukaemia. All of the migrant groups had high rates of multiple myeloma and low rates of testicular, ovarian and lung cancer. Genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to these patterns are discussed.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in African and Caribbean migrants to England and Wales. 141 34

Monoclonal gammopathies can either be benign or more commonly malignant. The commonest disease associated with it is multiple myeloma. Over the seven-year period 1984-1990, two hundred and thirty-four monoclonal gammopathies were seen at the University Hospital, Jamaica. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in one hundred and fifty-six cases (84 males and 72 females). The diagnoses of most of the others were not known as the samples came from other institutions. Of the patients with myeloma, the most common immunoglobulin type was IgG followed by IgA and then pure light chain disease. Only in about half of the cases where urine was analysed was Bence-Jones protein found. The majority of the cases had abnormal total serum protein, albumin and total globulin concentrations. Most of the cases also were in renal failure. Hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase occurred in about one-third of them. These results were not much different from those reported in other countries.
West Indian Med J 1991 Dec
PMID:Biochemical abnormalities in multiple myeloma. 178 96

Multiple myeloma associated with sclerotic bone lesions and polyneuropathy represents a distinct subset of the plasma cell dyscrasias. We describe a case of biclonal gammopathy (the second case reported), insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, and no evidence for anti-insulin receptor antibodies. After treatment with chemotherapy and irradiation, the diabetes resolved, the polyneuropathy lessened greatly, and the patient is alive without evidence of progression five years later. The reports of 95 other cases are reviewed. This syndrome occurs in younger patients (mean age, 48 years) and is frequently associated with organomegaly, endocrinopathies, and skin changes. Irradiation to the sclerotic bone lesions frequently lessens the neuropathy and endocrinopathies and may result in long-term remission. The mechanism of action leading to the systemic effects seen in this syndrome is unknown but is likely related to proteins secreted by the abnormal plasma cells.
West J Med 1990 Mar
PMID:Syndrome of plasma cell dyscrasia, polyneuropathy, and diabetes mellitus. 218 97

Patients with multiple myeloma are at increased risk of severe bacterial infection. A variety of immune deficits has been described in such patients, including a decreased primary antibody response and defects in complement and granulocyte function. The depressed humoral response appears to result primarily from the activity of suppressor monocytes. Pneumovax (Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Penn) should be administered to patients with myeloma, although its effectiveness in this population has not been proven. The role of other potential modalities of treatment and prophylaxis, such as IV gamma globulin, requires further study.
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PMID:Immunosuppression and infection in multiple myeloma. 353 28

For two years protein abnormality was studied in 40 cases of myelomatosis in Jamaica. Thirty-nine of these were in West Indian Negroes. The minimum incidence of myelomatosis in this group was estimated to be of the order of 50 cases per million per annum which is considerably higher than in Caucasians as reported by previous workers. A larger number showed myeloma protein with beta-globulin mobility and hypogammaglobulinaemia than with gamma-globulin mobility. As in the Caucasians the disease is more common in men than in women and the age incidence in both seems to be the same. Combined serum and urinary electrophoresis was diagnostic in every case, and examination of the urine for Bence-Jones protein by electrophoresis yielded more consistent findings than the classical heat test. It is suggested that combined serum and urine electrophoresis should be done in all cases of suspected myelomatosis.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma in Jamaica: a study of 40 cases with special reference to the incidence and laboratory diagnosis. 593 12

Human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a type-C retrovirus originally isolated from patients with leukemia or lymphoma involving mature T lymphocytes. Epidemiological studies have shown that HTLV-I infection occurs not only in leukemic but also in normal people in at least two areas of the world: the Caribbean basin and the South-West of Japan. We report here the results of a large seroepidemiological study of HTLV-I infection in normal French blood donors, elderly subjects living in institutions and patients with various malignant hemopathies, obtained by the classical HTLV-I p24 radioimmunoassay. We were unable to demonstrate antibodies to HTLV-I in 510 sera from French volunteer blood donors born and living in continental France or in sera from 262 blood donors born in other countries (mainly in Europe and North Africa) and living in continental France at the time of collection. In contrast, among 131 sera from blood donors born in French overseas territories (French Guiana, French West Indies, and Reunion) but living at the time of collection in continental France, 2 (1.5%) were found to possess anti-HTLV-I antibodies. In a sample of 2,597 blood donors from Martinique, 39 (1.5%) were positive. A positive correlation with age was observed whereas no statistical relationship was found between HTLV-I antibodies and sex, red cell blood groups or the place of residence in Martinique. On the other hand, a very high level of positive values was observed in Martinique among old people living in institutions, 14% of those aged over 60 years being positive. HTLV-I-associated hematological malignancies have not been observed in patients born and living in continental France whereas a large number exist in the French West Indies. In the same area, the presence of anti-HTLV-I antibodies in 12% of patients with myeloma, a typical B-cell disease, merits attention.
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PMID:Antibodies to HTLV-I p24 in sera of blood donors, elderly people and patients with hemopoietic diseases in France and in French West Indies. 609 65

Hybridomas secreting antibodies to the structural glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus were prepared by fusion of X63-Ag8/653 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified glycoprotein complexes of TBE virus. These antibodies were tested against 10 different TBE virus strains isolated in different European countries over a period of 26 years from different hosts. Quantitative evaluation of enzyme immunoassay results did not reveal any differences in reactivity among these strains, pointing further to the homogeneity of European TBE virus isolates, which has previously been inferred from results obtained by peptide mapping and competitive radioimmunoassay. Hybridomas defining three different antibody-combining sites (epitopes) on the glycoprotein of TBE virus were selected on the basis of cross-reactivity with another flavivirus. West Nile virus, as well as the ability to inhibit hemagglutination. Two epitopes were type specific, and the third was indistinguishably also present on West Nile virus. Hemagglutination was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies reacting with one of the type-specific epitopes as well as the cross-reactive determinant, which is apparently responsible for the broad cross-reactivity among different flaviviruses observed in hemagglutination inhibition tests with polyvalent immune sera.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to the structural glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus. 618 3

Hybridoma cells were produced by fusing P3X63Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, Nakayama-RFVL strain. The resulting 26 clones produced hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against the homologous strain. The hemagglutination inhibition reactivity of each clone was tested against six flaviviruses: JE, Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE), Egypt 101 strain of West Nile (WN), St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), Russian spring summer encephalitis, and dengue type 1. The 26 monoclonal antibodies fell into four groups: 14 JE species-specific antibodies, 6 antibodies reactive to JE and MVE viruses, 3 antibodies to three or four viruses in the JE-MVE-WN-SLE subgroup, and 3 antibodies to all six flaviviruses. Furthermore, antigenic comparison of 27 strains of JE virus was carried out by using five JE species-specific monoclonal antibodies. Of these, 24 strains were isolated in various parts of Japan, and 3 strains came from Southeast Asia. In reactivity, the 27 strains were classified into at least four antigenic groups. The results showed that the Nakayama-Yakken strain is a mutant strain which lacks the Nakayama strain-specific antigen and that the recently isolated strains are immunologically different from Nakayama and JaGAr 01 strains. One clone (NARMA 13) produced a JE species-specific antibody which showed almost the same titer against 26 JE virus strains, whereas one clone (NARMA 5) produced a Nakayama strain-specific antibody which reacted only to the Nakayama-RFVL and Nakayama-Yoken strains.
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PMID:Antigenic analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus by using monoclonal antibodies. 620 Apr 38

Management of hematologic disorders in older patients must often be weighed in a setting of decreased physiological reserves and concurrent illnesses. Anemia in the elderly should never be attributed to old age. Even a mild anemia in collusion with multiple physical and mental problems may tip the balance for those previously able to cope with their disabilities. Iron deficiency anemia and the anemia of chronic disease are the most common types of anemia in the elderly. Nutritional anemias due to folate or vitamin B(12) deficiency are treatable and should not be overlooked. Newer chemotherapy regimens for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia have been effective in many older patients. Decisions to treat are sometimes difficult, often depending on the aggregate of coexistent physical and mental disorders. The most prevalent type of leukemia in the elderly is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A benign asymptomatic course requires no therapy, but aggressive disease requires treatment. Multiple myeloma should be suspected in an elderly person who has both unexplained anemia and bone pain. After definitive diagnosis, phlebotomy therapy should be considered for both polycythemia vera and secondary erythrocytosis to reduce blood viscosity and increase cerebral blood flow.
West J Med 1981 Dec
PMID:Hematologic disorders in the elderly. 680 66


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