Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is well known that there are many independent and inter-related clinical and pathologic factors which influence the prognosis of patients with benign and malignant conditions. Lymphocyte level is an index of cell-mediated immunity which is important in host defense against cancer. But it is surprising that a simple test such as peripheral lymphocyte count could be correlated with clinical stages and survival results in patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-lymphomatous solid tumors. Regarding the latter, lymphocyte count had prognostic values in patients with cancer of the bone, Ewing's sarcoma; breast; colon; kidney, neuroblastoma; uterine cervix, and other sites. In general, higher lymphocyte counts before therapy correlated with longer survival. Using newer immunologic techniques, T and B lymphocytes can be identified and the different subtypes of leukemia, immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative diseases have been studied intensively. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia represents a proliferation of B cells, while the Sezary syndrome represents that of T lymphocytes. There is a qualitative and quantitative disturbance of Blymphocytes in patients with multiple myeloma. In Hodgkin's disease, there is hyperactivity of the B cells and functional defect of the T cells. Finally, the nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma resulted from neoplastic transformation of the B lymphocytes. In several nonmalignant autoimmune conditions, abnormality of T-cell or B-cell counts has been reported. For example, T cells were reported to be decreased in patients with ulcerative or granulomatous colitis and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, However, it needs to be pointed out that, in 1973, Farid and associates (44) reported a significant increase in T and a proportionate reduction of B rosette in 17 patients with untreated Grave's disease and 16 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as compared with 24 normal and eight goiter controls. In 1975, six publications later, they (143) had to announce a retraction because further studies by them and by other investigators could not repeat the earlier results. Despite variations and lack of standardization of the test systems, some consistent deviations of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte counts have been reported. T lymphocytes were quantitatively decreased in patients with carcinoma of the brain, breast, head and neck, liver, lung and urologic organs and with malignant melanoma. In general, there is a marked decrease of T cells with increasing stage of disease and a return of T cells to normal level after successful therapy. Cellular immunity is depressed, often lasting for years after localized radiation therapy, whether or not the thymus is included in the treatment field...
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PMID:Peripheral lymphocyte count and suppopulations of T and B lymphocytes in benign and malignant diseases. 30 Jan 79

1255 cases of leukemia-lymphoma were tested between 1972 and 1984 by multiple marker analysis. Routine leukemia phenotyping was performed using standard morphological and cytochemical techniques in combination with clinical and histo-pathological information; the main emphasis was put on immunological surface marker analysis using erythrocyte rosette assays, TdT and a large panel of poly- and monoclonal antibody tests. The 1255 cases were divided into these major types and subtypes: 349 cases of ALL and related immature T- and Burkitt-lymphomas (cALL, pre B-ALL, B-ALL and Burkitt-lymphomas, T-ALL and immature, mostly leukemic T-lymphomas, Null-ALL), 454 cases of mature T- and B-cell malignancies (T-CLL, mycosis fungoides, Sezary-syndrome, T-lymphomas, B-CLL, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, B-lymphomas), 263 cases of acute myeloid leukemias (AML, AMMoL/AMoL), 182 cases of chronic myeloid leukemias (CML in chronic phase, CMoL, CML in blast crisis), 6 cases of erythroleukemia and 1 case of megakaryoblastic leukemia. A simplified classification scheme which has been used in our laboratories is presented. Phenotyping is of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance, most evidently for patients with ALL. Routine leukemia phenotyping should be performed with highly standardized techniques and reagents and by combining information from several fields in the multiple marker analysis. New areas of leukemia research might become very useful for the routine procedure of phenotyping.
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PMID:Phenotyping of malignant hematopoietic cells. Analysis of 1200 cases of leukemia-lymphoma. 348 82

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas define a spectrum of disorders associated with T-lymphocytic proliferation with clinical manifestations occurring in the skin during the course of the disease. This review has dealt with two rather uncommon disorders, namely mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome which are indolent malignant lymphomas, occurring primarily in the fifth decade, and affecting males most frequently. Historically, mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome have been described for a relatively short time. As witnessed by Table 2, little was known concerning these disorders, other than clinical and pathologic features, until the application of immunologic, cell biologic, and cytogenetic technology which burgeoned a multitude of questions. The discovery of TCGF has allowed for both continuous growth of normal and neoplastic T cells and for the clonal expansion of some malignant clones. The establishment of these continuous cultures allowed for: (1) investigation of the mechanism of TCGF production and stimulation of T-cell growth, and (2) identification of HTLV, a retrovirus found in cell cultures from two patients with CTCL, and subsequently from patients with Japanese adult T-cell lymphoma. In addition, the HTLV has been related to a more virulent form of T-cell malignancy. The exact etiologic role of this virus in the CTCL is presently the subject of intense investigation. Through the use of immunologic methods the malignant cell of CTCL has been pheno-typically and functionally characterized as a "helper/inducer" subtype (E rosette+, anti-T-cell antisera+, T11+, T1+, T3+, 3A1-, T6-, T8-) and usually Ia-, HLADR-. Clinical manifestations of the phenotype may be clinically apparent in the serologic abnormalities present in these disorders. Utilizing these methods to investigate these disorders may provide a key to the understanding of T-cell function and cellular immunity much as myeloma provided a model for the understanding of B cells and immunity. Clinically and pathologically, these disorders behave as malignant indolent lymphomas with spread from localized cutaneous lesions to extracutaneous involvement of the blood, lymph nodes, and viscera culminating in the death of the patient from either organ dysfunction or infectious complications. At autopsy, this extracutaneous involvement is more pronounced than what was expected ante-mortem. Application of prospective staging techniques employing such special procedures as E-rosette cytology, cytogenetics, and electron microscopy in addition to usual light microscopy studies has demonstrated a greater percentage of extracutaneous involvement than otherwise expected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a review. 608 35

This study describes the monoclonal antibody 5E9 and the cell surface antigen it defines. The hybridoma cell line T3-5E9 was derived from fusion of P3 X 63/Ag8 myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with HSB-2 cells, a human T cell line. Although binding to only 1 to 5% of peripheral blood (PB) and spleen mononuclear cells, 5E9 antibody bound to 40 to 80% of Con A-, PHA-, or PWM-activated PB cells. Moreover, 5E9 antibody bound to variable numbers of Sezary, acute myelogenous leukemia, and ALL PB leukemia cells. 5E9 antibody bound to all hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines tested, to 11 +/- 1% of thymocytes, and 40% of nucleated bone marrow cells. Under reducing conditions, immunoprecipitation studies using 5E9 antibody demonstrated 5E9 antigen to be an 90,000 m.w. glycoprotein. Under nonreducing conditions, antigen 5E9 is a disulfide-linked dimer of approximately 190,000 daltons. Sequential precipitation experiments using antibody 5E9, alpha OD heteroantiserum (raised against T ALL cells), and monoclonal antibody OKT9 demonstrated that the 3 antibody preparations recognized the same 90,000 m.w. glycoprotein. Thus, antibody 5E9 defines an 90,000 m.w. human cell surface antigen that is absent on the majority of PB mononuclear cells and is expressed on rapidly dividing normal and malignant human cells. This monoclonal antibody should be a useful marker of human cell activation.
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PMID:Characterization of a monoclonal antibody (5E9) that defines a human cell surface antigen of cell activation. 678 29

Imprint preparations were performed on bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained from the posterior superior iliac spine of 310 consecutive patients. Bone marrow aspiration was attempted prior to biopsy. When aspiration was impossible or inadequate, imprint preparations were used in order to study cytologic detail and enhance interpretation of the biopsy specimen. Malignant infiltrates were present in 22 (7.1%) of the 310 biopsy specimens including: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 12 patients, metastatic carcinoma, 6; Hodgkin's disease, 1; multiple myeloma, 1; Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, 1; and Sezary's syndrome, 1. An aspirate could not be obtained in 8 (36%) of 22 cases, but malignant cells were found in imprint preparations of the biopsy specimens. This study demonstrates that imprint preparations of bone marrow biopsies are useful in evaluating patients with malignancy when bone marrow aspiration is inadequate.
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PMID:Value of imprint preparations of bone marrow biopsies in hematologic diagnosis. 689 11

Adverse reactions to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy include flu-like syndrome, bone marrow suppression, neurotoxic effects, and autoimmunity. A slight increase in triglyceride levels has been described less frequently during IFN-alpha administration. The incidence of IFN-alpha-induced hypertriglyceridemia seems variable, and there are no clear data on how to treat it. We report the effect of long-term (more than 12 months) IFN-alpha treatment on triglyceride levels in 43 patients suffering from hairy cell leukemia (18), multiple myeloma (10), chronic myelogenous leukemia (6), cryoglobulinemia (5), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (3), and Sezary syndrome (1). Hypertriglyceridemia was found in 6 patients (15%). In 3 patients, gemfibrozil restored normal triglyceride values. This study suggests that hypertriglyceridemia is a minor side effect of long-term IFN-alpha therapy and that gemfibrozil might be considered the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Hypertriglyceridemia during long-term interferon-alpha therapy in a series of hematologic patients. 918 61

Kaposi's varicelliform eruption is characterized by disseminated vesiculopustules and erosions caused by a herpes virus infection superimposed on a pre-existing dermatosis. The eruption usually occurs in individuals with atopic dermatitis or other pre-existing dermatosis such as Darier's disease, pemphigus foliaceus, mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, benign familial pemphigus, ichthyosis vulgaris, second-degree burns, multiple myeloma, and Grover's disease. We report here a new case of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in a 38-year-old woman with rosacea. To our knowledge, this is the first case of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption associated with rosacea to be reported.
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PMID:Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in association with rosacea. 1557 62

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, including mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, are often responsive to treatment, but current therapies have not been shown to increase survival, and in advanced stages, durable remissions are hard to achieve. We present a patient who was initially misdiagnosed with psoriasis and, 16 years later, was diagnosed with mycosis fungoides. Denileukin diftitox was used as a tumor debulking agent to give a partial response that was further improved with a combination of systemic interferon/oral bexarotene and skin-directed psorlen plus UV-A. The purpose of this case report is to show the value of sequential combination therapy for improving overall response.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2006 May
PMID:Treatment of mycosis fungoides with denileukin diftitox and oral bexarotene. 1679 81