Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteocalcin, also called bone gla-protein, is a bone matrix protein synthetized specifically by osteoblasts. It circulates in blood where it can be assayed by the radioimmune method. We measured osteocalcin serum levels in 169 adult controls and 161 patients with different disseminated or localized bone diseases. The normal concentration of 6.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml increases significantly with age. Serum osteocalcin levels are considerably increased in renal osteodystrophy (114 +/- 23 ng/ml) and to a lesser degree in primary hyperparathyroidism (15.9 +/- 2.8 ng/ml) and Paget's disease (11.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml), all diseases characterized by increased bone turnover. High levels are also encountered in osteomalacia (9.7 +/- 0.9 ng/ml). Conversely, serum osteocalcin levels are significantly decreased in patients under long-term corticosteroid therapy (4.3 +/- 0.5 ng/ml); they remain normal in patients with bone myeloma and bone metastases under treatment. Finally, osteocalcin is normal in patients with osteoporosis, but its level reflects that of bone turnover as evaluated by iliac bone biopsy. The circulating osteocalcin therefore is the first specific and sensitive marker for bone turnover. Serum osteocalcin measurements make it possible to evaluate the osteoblastic bone formation without biopsy and should provide information on the effectiveness of drugs acting on the bone-forming process.
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PMID:[Osteocalcin (or bone gla-protein), a new biological marker for studying bone pathology]. 293 33

Results are presented of measurements of skeletal blood flow made in 80 patients with painful benign or malignant diseases of the skeleton, excluding patients with Paget's disease. In crush fracture osteoporosis, total bone blood flow was slightly lower than normal although skeletal perfusion was normal. High values of bone blood flow were seen in 14/20 patients with osteomalacia and 3/12 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Very high values, comparable to those seen in the most severely affected patients with Paget's disease, were seen in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, 2 out of 4 cases of Engelmann's disease and 1 out of 3 cases of renal osteodystrophy. Results were less elevated in myositis ossificans, secondary skeletal involvement with breast and prostatic carcinomata, myelomatosis and sympathetic osteodystrophy.
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PMID:Skeletal blood flow in metabolic disorders of the skeleton. 342 88

Though vertebral fractures were required to make the diagnosis of osteoporosis prior to the advent of methods for accurate bone measurement, osteopenia is readily defined by a decrease of bone mineral density by 2 to 2.5 SD from the peak bone density. After excluding other metabolic bone diseases such as primary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, multiple myeloma and tumor metastases by means of X-ray studies and biochemical studies on serum and urine, by far the largest proportion of patients with osteopenia are usually found to have osteoporosis. Primary osteoporosis is found in males and females after middle age, and secondary osteoporosis at any age with definite causes such as corticosteroid excess, immobilization, rheumatoid arthritis or vitamin C deficiency. Estrogen withdrawal in young women is classified as secondary osteoporosis, but postmenopausal osteoporosis with similar cause is usually classified into primary osteoporosis, creating a confusion. Rapid bone loss occurring only during a few years after menopause should be clearly distinguished from the life-long process of bone loss common to males and females and should not be classified as a "type" of osteoporosis.
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PMID:[Osteoporosis--concept, classification and epidemiology]. 796 67

Bisphosphonates are molecules derived from pyrophosphates,but, unlike pyrophosphates, they are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of Paget's disease, cancer-related osteolysis, myeloma, primary hyperparathyroidism, and osteoporosis. In dialysis patients bisphosphonates may be used to reduce bone pain due to renal osteodystrophy. We describe the case of a 60-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who had been on dialysis for 8 years. She had been receiving clodronic acid at 100 mg per week intravenously for the last 2 years. A year ago, the patient underwent surgical extraction of the lower right second molar. Her jaw pain increased in the following days. An orthopanthograph and a CT scan of the head showed osteolysis, and a surgical osteotomy was performed. Histological examination led to a diagnosis of avascular osteonecrosis of the jaw. Avascular osteonecrosis is typically described in the jaw. In this case, prolonged bisphosphonate treatment may have worsened the osteonecrosis.
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PMID:[Avascular jaw osteonecrosis in a hemodialysis patient treated with bisphosphonates]. 1755 35