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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present an epidemiological study of 585 primary bone neoplasms and tumor-like lesions in order to investigate their incidence and distribution according to age, sex and skeletal location. A statistical agreement between the pertinent literature and the collected data was found. In this series, the most common benign neoplasms were the osteochondroma (45.3%) followed by chondroma (19.6%). Among the intermediate and malignant neoplasms, osteosarcoma was the most frequent (30.0%) followed by myeloma (16.0%). Fibrous dysplasia accounted for 46.6% of all tumor-like lesions, followed by solitary bone cyst (18.6%).
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PMID:[Incidence of primary benign and malignant neoplasms and bone pseudotumoral lesions. An epidemiologic analysis of 585 cases diagnosed at the Faculdade de Medicina of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais]. 166 26

Three cases of tumors of the mandibular condyle are reported. One patient had metastases from a cutaneous melanoblastoma, another a benign osteochondroma, and the third a plasmocytosarcoma revealing the presence of Kahler disease. The authors emphasize the rare nature of these lesions, in spite of the technical advances made in the radiological and surgical exploration of the temporomandibular joint, and also the large variety of histological types reported in the literature. They discuss the main diagnostic features, especially in isolated lesions in patients with no relevant past history, and stress the importance of surgical biopsy. Therapy varies from surgical treatment in benign tumors, the prognosis being excellent, to usually palliative therapy in malignant lesions.
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PMID:[Tumors of the mandibular condyle (author's transl)]. 693 76

Primary tumors of the spine are relatively infrequent lesions compared with metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. However, when a solitary lesion of the spine occurs, these neoplasms represent an important group of entities for diagnostic consideration. A wide variety of benign neoplasms can involve the spine, including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor, enostosis, and osteochondroma. Common primary nonlymphoproliferative malignant neoplasms of the spine include chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and osteosarcoma. The imaging features of these lesions of the spine are often characteristic. These changes include a small sclerotic focus with irregular thorny margins in the vertebral body (enostosis), a small radiolucent nidus with central calcification in the posterior elements of the vertebral body (osteoid osteoma), a large expansile lesion with multiple fluid-fluid levels (aneurysmal bone cyst), and an aggressive mineralized mass (chondroid or osteoid) with osseous and soft-tissue involvement (chondrosarcoma or osteosarcoma). Radiologists should be aware of the appearance of these unusual neoplasms in order to provide a complete differential diagnosis and to guide clinical colleagues in patient treatment.
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PMID:From the archives of the AFIP. Primary tumors of the spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. 888 95

Primary tumors of the spine are relatively infrequent lesions compared with metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma which are the more frequent neoplasms of the spine and usually manifest with multifocal lesions and thus pose little diagnostic dilemma. However, in the presence of a solitary spinal lesion, the more uncommon primary tumors of the spine represent an important group of entities for diagnostic consideration. The most common benign and malignant primary tumors of the spine are enostosis, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteochondroma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and osteosarcoma. The imaging features of these lesions are often characteristic. Radiologists should be aware of the appearance of these unusual tumors in order to provide a complete differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Primary bone tumors and pseudotumors of the lumbosacral spine. 1096 37

Neoplasms and pseudotumors of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are very uncommon. Early recognition of such will prevent therapeutic delay and may have a dramatic impact on patient morbidity and mortality. Included in rare TMJ lesions are the following: 1) synovial chondromatosis, 2) osteochondroma, 3) osteoma, 4) osteoblastoma, 5) pigmented villonodular synovitis, 6) ganglion, 7) synovial cyst, 8) simple bone cyst, 9) aneurysmal bone cyst, 10) epidermal inclusion cyst, 11) hemangioma, 12) nonossifying fibroma, 13) Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 14) plasma cell myeloma, 15) sarcoma.
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PMID:Temporomandibular joint neoplasms and pseudotumors. 1107 60

Primary osseous tumors of the spine are rare lesions and much less frequently encountered than metastases, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The interpreting radiologist must be aware of the typical radiographic appearance of the most common nonmyeloproliferative tumors of the spine because these tumors must be considered when a solitary spinal lesion is encountered. The purpose of this article is to describe the radiologic appearance and radiologic staging of the most common benign (hemangioma, enostosis, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, and osteochondroma) and malignant (chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing tumor, and osteosarcoma) osseous spine tumors.
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PMID:Primary tumors of the spine. 1137 21

Metastatic disease, myeloma, and lymphoma are the most common malignant spinal tumors. Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the spine. Other primary osseous lesions of the spine are more unusual but may exhibit characteristic imaging features that can help the radiologist develop a differential diagnosis. Radiologic evaluation of a patient who presents with osseous vertebral lesions often includes radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Because of the complex anatomy of the vertebrae, CT is more useful than conventional radiography for evaluating lesion location and analyzing bone destruction and condensation. The diagnosis of spinal tumors is based on patient age, topographic features of the tumor, and lesion pattern as seen at CT and MR imaging. A systematic approach is useful for recognizing tumors of the spine with characteristic features such as bone island, osteoid osteoma, osteochondroma, chondrosarcoma, vertebral angioma, and aneurysmal bone cyst. In the remaining cases, the differential diagnosis may include other primary spinal tumors, vertebral metastases and major nontumoral lesions simulating a vertebral tumor, Paget disease, spondylitis, echinococcal infection, and aseptic osteitis. In many cases, vertebral biopsy is warranted to guide treatment.
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PMID:Diagnostic imaging of solitary tumors of the spine: what to do and say. 1863 27

A retrospective analysis of all bone tumors accessioned at a large referral center (Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion) in Mexico City between 2000 and 2005 is presented. A total of 6216 biopsies and surgical resection specimens were reviewed during this period, of which 566 corresponded to bone tumors. Benign bone tumors accounted for 71.6% of cases and malignant bone tumors for 28.4%. The tumors affected men in 53.7% of cases and women in 46.3% of cases, with an average age at presentation of 25 years. The femur was the most common location of the tumors (39.9%), followed by the tibia (17.7%) and humerus (11.8%). The commonest malignant bone tumors were osteosarcoma (46.6%) and chondrosarcoma (8.7%). Of malignant bone tumors, 18.6% corresponded to metastases of carcinomas from internal organs and 8.1% were multiple myeloma. The most common benign bone tumor was osteochondroma (43.7%) followed by giant cell tumor of bone (14.6%) and enchondroma (10.1%). The age distribution showed a peak in children and adolescents comprised predominantly of benign lesions and a second peak in young adults that corresponded to malignant bone tumors (principally osteosarcoma). Malignant bone tumors most often involved the femur, vertebra, and tibia. Our results parallel the findings previously reported in the world literature and show a similar distribution and epidemiology as in other developed and underdeveloped countries. Geographic location does not appear to represent a risk factor for any particular type of bone tumor and does not affect the age distribution, location, or histopathologic type of the lesions.
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PMID:Epidemiology of bone tumors in Mexico City: retrospective clinicopathologic study of 566 patients at a referral institution. 1911 77

By immunohistochemistry, lactoferrin (LF) has been extensively investigated in human neoplastic tissues; moreover, LF is able to promote bone growth in a murine model. Until now, no systematic studies on human osteocartilagineous fetal samples have been performed in comparison to corresponding neoplastic specimens to verify if LF may represent an oncofetal marker in this field of pathology. By a monoclonal antibody (clone 1A1; Biodesign International; w.d. 1:75) the distribution pattern of LF in bones of 25 human fetal tissues (8-34 gestation weeks), 10 adults (47-82 years) and 30 cartilage as well as 27 bone tumours (9-76 years) was analyzed. LF was encountered in 23/57 cases of osteocartilagineous tumors and namely in 10/10 giant cell tumours, 5/7 osteoid osteomas, 3/3 chondroblastomas, 3/3 chondromyxoid fibromas, 1/1 myeloma, 1/1 adamantinoma. No LF immunoexpression was detected in osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, ossifying fibromas, osteochondroma and enchondromas. In embryo-fetal tissues, LF immunoreactivity was localized in mesenchymal cells as well as in chondroblasts at the 8th gestational week and in immature osteocytes and osteoblasts up to the 18th gestation week, with a considerable decrease by the 24th week. No LF expression was found in any bone district since the 30th and up to the 34th week of gestation as well as in corresponding adult samples. Our findings indicate a role for LF as a bone growth regulator in the early phases of the human endochondral ossification, although the hypothesis of LF as oncofetal marker appears questionable in bone tumours.
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PMID:Does lactoferrin behave as an immunohistochemical oncofetal marker in bone and cartilage human neoplasms? 2097 93

Alpha isoform of smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression has been reported in giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) and other benign and malignant bone tumours, but the pattern of SMA expression and the precise nature of SMA-expressing cells in these lesions is uncertain. We determined by immunohistochemistry the expression of SMA and other muscle and vascular markers in normal bone, GCTB and a wide range of primary benign and malignant bone tumours. Cultured stromal cells of GCTB, chondroblastoma (CB), and aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) were also analysed for SMA expression. SMA was only noted in blood vessels in normal bone. SMA was expressed by mononuclear stromal cells (MSC) cultured from GCTB, ABC and CB. SMA was strongly and diffusely expressed by MSC in non-ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, and "brown tumour" of hyperparathyroidism. SMA expression was also noted in GCTB, ABC, CB, chondromyxoid fibroma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and osteosarcoma. Little or no SMA was noted in Langerhans cell histiocytosis, simple bone cyst, Ewing's sarcoma, osteoblastoma, osteoid osteoma, enchondroma, osteochondroma, chondrosarcoma, myeloma, lymphoma, chordoma and adamantinoma. Our findings show that there is differential SMA expression in primary bone tumours and that identifying the presence or absence of SMA is useful in the differential diagnosis of these lesions. The nature of SMA-expressing cells in bone tumours is uncertain but they are negative for desmin and caldesmon and could represent either myofibroblasts or perivascular cells, such as pericytes.
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PMID:Smooth muscle actin expression in primary bone tumours. 2254 53


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