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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multiple myeloma can be regarded as model disease for quantification of tumor mass, investigation of tumor cell kinetics and of tumor response to therapy. The quantification of the tumor cell number allows evaluation of prognosis and monitoring of disease as well as of therapy induced responses. Treatment of multiple myeloma is primarily based on the alkylating drugs cyclophosphamide and melphalan. In recent years other cytostatic substances, also effective in the treatment of this disorder have been introduced. However, the sensitivity determination of the individual myeloma stem cells seems to be the only possible method which possibly increases the response rate significantly. In accordance with these considerations we have, in preliminary clinical investigations, observed a good correlation between the in vitro determined cytostatic drug sensitivity and the in vivo response to therapy. Further progress in the treatment of multiple myeloma is to be expected with the introduction of interferon into the therapeutic regimen. Administration of this glycoprotein has resulted in significant reduction of tumor mass in more than half of all patients treated up to this time.
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PMID:[New aspects in the clinical course determination and therapy in multiple myeloma]. 55 24

Radiotracer 67Ga-citrate is used as a tumor-seeking agent in clinical imaging investigations although fundamental reasons for its high uptake in certain malignant lesions remain unexplained. The mechanism by which 67Ga becomes concentrated in tumor cells has been investigated by comparing 67Ga and 59Fe uptake by cultured mouse myeloma cells with particular reference to uptake stimulation by transferrin. Concentrations of human transferrin down to 2 microgram/ml greatly stimulated cellular uptake of both tracers, whereas bovine transferrin proved relatively inactive. The rates of stimulated uptake of both tracers were similar as was their high degree of retention by cells, but their quantitative dependencies on transferrin concentration showed characteristic differences. Pretreatment of human transferrin with saturating amounts of nonradioactive Fe3+ canceled its ability to promote 59Fe uptake, but it had little effect on its promotion of 67Ga uptake. Further increase in the amount of added Fe3+ did cause a progressive depression of 67Ga uptake, but this effect probably relates to the iron distribution in the whole-cell culture system including the fetal calf serum component of cell growth medium. The results suggest that 67Ga and 59Fe reveal different aspects of the interaction of transferrin with cells.
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PMID:Transferrin promotion of 67Ga and 59Fe uptake by cultured mouse myeloma cells. 56 54

A set of monoclonal antibodies derived by fusing P3-NS1/1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a rat immunized with mouse spleen were screened for activity against a tumor cell panel. One of these antibodies was found to react only with mouse embryonal carcinoma cells and no other tumor cell type tested, including differentiated derivatives of teratocarcinomas. In the adult mouse, this antigen is expressed by subpopulations of cells in the spleen, bone marrow, lymph node, brain, kidney and testes, although not in liver and thymus. This antigen has a species and tissue distribution consistent with that of Forssman antigen. The molecules which carry this specificity on the embryonal carcinoma cells appear to be glycolipids.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies as probes for differentiation and tumor-associated antigens: a Forssman specificity on teratocarcinoma stem cells. 56 32

In our patient, multiple bilateral nodular pulmonary densities appeared on a chest x-ray at the time of diagnosis of stage IV diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma. After localized radiation therapy, the patient received no further systemic therapy. The pulmonary nodules slowly became larger and more numerous. Nine years later the patient developed proven multiple myeloma. Pulmonary hyalinizing granulomas have not heretofore been associated with proven lymphoreticular neoplasia, although this has long been suspected. The occurrence of two B-cell tumors at different points in time associated with systemic amyloidosis is an extremely rare event. The authors discuss the possibility that these conditions represent an abnormality in a common cell of origin with differing expression over time. Coincidence, however, remains a likely explanation for the different immunopathies that occurred in our patient.
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PMID:Pulmonary hyalinizing granulomas in a patient with malignant lymphoma, with development nine years later of multiple myeloma and systemic amyloidosis. 58 94

The effect of six different chemotherapy regimens were evaluated in 462 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. In comparison with other treatments, drug combinations that included vincristine and were given at 3-week intervals were associated with higher response rates and longer survival times. No gain was noted from the use of Adriamycin or from combinations of alkylating agents unless vincristine was given and the treatment intervals were short. Seventy-one responding patients were allocated at random to maintenance treatment with intermittent courses of either azathioprine--prednisone or a combination of melphalan--cyclophosphamide--carmustine (BCNU)--prednisone. The survival time was not prolonged with either maintenance treatment in comparison with that for responding patients continued on other therapies or on no therapy in previous studies. Attempts to reduce tumor was maximally with a change in the therapeutic modality, such as with immunotherapy or radiotherapy, remain to be evaluated.
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PMID:Combination therapy for multiple myeloma. 58 54

Using a 3H-cDNA for RNA sequences specifically associated with murine intracisternal type A particles, we have found multiple copies of this information in high molecular weight nuclear DNA from tissues of both Mus muscules (BALB/c, NIH Swiss, A/Jax and feral) and Mus cervicolor. Reiteration frequencies varied from 1050-1800 per haploid genome, except that fewer copies (450) were found in BALB/3T3 cells. In the series studied, the reiteration frequencies in the DNA of A particle-rich tumor cells (myeloma and neuroblastoma) were not higher than those in normal tissues (liver and sperm). Multiple copies were retained when cellular DNAs were sedimented through alkaline sucrose gradients, indicating that the sequences are integrated in the mouse genome. In situ hybridization with cDNA showed that the sequences were associated with many chromosomes and were concentrated over certain regions of some chromosomes. Only low levels of homologous sequences were detected in rat, hamster and guinea pig DNA under stringent conditions of hybridization. The presence of reiterated sequence transcripts in poly(A) RNA from a neuroblastoma A particle fraction was confirmed by direct hybridization of the RNA with cellular DNA.
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PMID:Sequences associated with intracisternal A particles are reiterated in the mouse genome. 59 66

A case of multiple myeloma with no monoclonal protein synthesis is reported. The patient had hypogammaglobulinemia, bone marrow invasion, osteolytic lesions, and plasma cell tumors. The absence of protein synthesis has been demonstrated in bone marrow culture with tritiated leucine. No evidence of immunoglobulin production was found. Bone marrow or plasma cell tumor biopsy may be the only method of diagnosis in such cases.
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PMID:Nonsynthetizing multiple myeloma. 61 90

The effect of corticosteroids and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents on the excretion of Bence Jones protein was determined for periods of 1 - 62 mo in 29 patients with multiple myeloma and Bence Jones proteinuria. The amount of protein present in 24-h urine specimens collected before treatment and at frequent intervals during monthly treatment cycles was determined. Striking variations occurred in the amount of Bence Jones protein excretion; these changes were especially evident when 75 mg of prednisone were given daily for 7 days as part of a monthly chemotherapeutic regimen. Within the 7-day period seven patients showed essentially no decrease (<25%), whereas 13 and 9 patients had a moderate decrease (25-75%) or a marked decrease (>75%), respectively, in Bence Jones proteinuria as compared to pre-treatment values. The decrease in excretion of Bence Jones protein during this period was attributed mainly to corticosteroid therapy because of the transient nature of the response in most patients and the lack of such response in three patients when the hormone was omitted. Biosynthetic studies were performed to determine in vitro the effect of corticosteroids on Bence Jones protein synthesis. Plasma cells obtained from the bone marrow of 13 patients were incubated in a growth medium containing (14)C-labeled lysine and isoleucine and prednisone in concentrations up to 240 mug/ml, and the amount of Bence Jones protein synthesized was determined immunochemically. No differences in viability were apparent between untreated and prednisone-treated cells. The type of response exhibited by an individual patient in the percent decrease of Bence Jones protein excreted after 7 days of prednisone treatment was comparable to the percent decrease in newly-synthesized Bence Jones protein secreted by tumor cells when cultured in the presence of prednisone at a concentration of 120 mug/ml. The marked differences in the capacity of corticosteroids to affect Bence Jones protein synthesis appear to reflect a biochemical heterogeneity among plasma cell neoplasms.
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PMID:Bence Jones proteins and light chains of immunoglobulins. XV. Effect of corticosteroids on synthesis and excretion of Bence Jones protein. 61 16

This is the first reported of a patient with hemarthrosis due to invasion of the synovial membrane by myeloma cells. With angiographic studies of the affected joint it was apparent that the tumor tissue extended from the destructive bone lesion of the femoral condyle into the synovial membrane. Intraarticular spontaneous bleeding was the first manifestation of a monoclonal IgG multiple myeloma; the hemarthrosis recurred after drainage but was controlled with local roentgen therapy.
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PMID:Hemarthrosis as the presenting manifestation of true myeloma joint disease. 62 85

Evidence is presented, arising from an analysis of published data on tumour growth in three species of laboratory animals and in human multiple myeloma supporting a species specific relation between two supposedly independent parameters in the Gompertz equations frequently used to quantify tumour growth curves. This evidence supports the conjecture of Norton et al. (1976), based on their observations of the growth kinetics of a murine melanoma and a rat mammary carcinoma, that such a relation may be a general feature of tumour growth. Published data on the growth of xenografts of human colorectal tumours in immune-deprived mice suggests that the observed growth relation reflects the ability of a particular species to support a tumour of a certain maximum size. The existence of this relation greatly simplifies the task of predicting complete patterns of undisturbed neoplastic growth in these species.
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PMID:Characteristic species dependent growth patterns of mammalian neoplasms. 63 May 79


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