Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five monkeys were treated ip with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), and one was treated with 1-nitrosopiperidine (PIP), starting within 2 months of birth, until hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed. All animals except the PIP-treated monkey had much elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values. Fresh, minced, biopsy-derived tumor was cultured with L-[14C]leucine and L-[14C]lysine. Synthesis of AFP was determined by radioimmunoassay and by specifically precipitable [14C]AFP. Good agreement between these two parameters was obtained for the 4 DENA-induced tumors synthesizing AFP in culture. Tumor from 1 DENA-treated monkey did not synthesize AFP. In addition, neither normal liver nor tumor from the PIP-treated monkey showed AFP synthesis. Rates of synthesis were 0.37-5.50 ng AFP/mg tumor/day, or 0.0012-0.0183 pg AFP/cell/day (if one assumes 3.0 X 10(5) cells/mg tissue) over 48 or 72 hours. Different nodules from the same animal had similar rates of synthesis. For tumors that synthesized AFP in culture, a positive correlation was generally found between rate of synthesis and serum AFP level. The rate of in vitro AFP synthesis observed was lower than that of immunoglobulin synthesis in human myeloma or of AFP synthesis in a rat HCC, but it was close to the estimated rate of AFP synthesis in a monkey HCC line in long-term culture.
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PMID:In vitro alpha-fetoprotein synthesis by monkey hepatocellular carcinoma. 7 69

During each transplantation passage of a line of mouse myeloma tumor MOPC-315 through syngeneic (BALB/c) hosts, the tumor cells lose reactivity with cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes directed against products of the BALB/c major histocompatibility complex (H-2d) and regain reactivity on transfer to fresh hosts. In contrast to this cyclical change, the tumor cells remain uniformly reactive with anti-H-2d alloantisera throughout the transplantation cycle.
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PMID:Periodic loss of reactivity of a myeloma tumor with cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes. 7 47

With a direct in vitro tumor-colony assay developed to measure sensitity of human-tumor stem cells to anticancer drugs, we performed 32 retrospective or prospective clinical studies in nine patients with myeloma and nine with ovarian cancer treated with standard agents that were tested in vitro. The results were clearly correlated (P is less than 0.00001). Unique patterns of sensitivity and resistance to the six drugs tested were observed for individual patients. In eight cases of myeloma and three of obarian carcinoma in vitro sensitivity corresponded with in vivo sensitivity whereas in one case of myeloma it did not. In vitro resistance correlated with clinical resistance in all five comparisons in myeloma and all 15 in ovarian cancer. We conclude that this assay shows sufficient promise to warrant larger-scale testing to determine its efficacy for selection of new agents and individualized cancer chemotherapy regimens.
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PMID:Quantitation of differential sensitivity of human-tumor stem cells to anticancer drugs. 7 75

We have produced somatic cell hybrids between mouse myeloma cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase IMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase; EC 2.4.2.8) and spleen cells derived from mice primed with either syngeneic or allogeneic cells transformed by simian virus 40. Such hybrids produced antibodies specific for simian virus 40 tumor (T) antigen. Only four of twelve independent hybrid cell cultures produced antibodies against simian virus 40 T antigen that crossreacted with the T antigen induced by BK virus, a human papovavirus isolated from patients who had undergone immunosuppressive therapy.
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PMID:Somatic cell hybrids producing antibodies specific for the tumor antigen of simian virus 40. 7 81

Serum beta2-microglobulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with various malignant neoplasms, ascitic patients, and also patients with definite or suspected hepatoma showing variable levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Elevated serum beta2-microglobulin levels greater than 2.5 mg/liter were found in various malignant neoplasms, especially in multiple myeloma (66.6%) and hepatoma (60.4%) The ascites/serum ratio of beta2-microglobulin levels in the patients with malignant ascites is significantly higher than in those with non-malignant ascites. However, ascites/serum ratios of total protein, IgG, albumin, creatinine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Levels of serum beta2-microglobulin were correlated well with those of alpha-fetoprotein in the patients with definite or suspected hepatoma (r=0.72, P less than 0.001). From these results it was concluded that (1) high levels of serum beta2-microglobulin in these patients could be attributed to its hyperproduction by tumor cells or by the cells which had been infiltrated and activated, (2) it is useful to estimate the ascites/serum ratio of beta2-microglobulin levels in differentiating malignant from non-malignant ascites, and (3) it might suggest that a function of beta2-microglobulin is in some way related to that of alpha-fetoprotein, and the alpha-fetoprotein-synthesizing cells secrete a great deal of beta2-microglobulin, although its function remains unclear.
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PMID:Beta2-microglobulin levels of serum and ascites in malignant diseases. 8 Mar 42

The retrovirus designated RPMI8226V (isolated from human myeloma cells RPMI8226) has been characterized with respect to its morphological, biochemical and immunological properties as well as its propagation in various animal and human cells. The myeloma cells RPMI8226 produce intracytoplasmatic A-type particles and extracellular particles. The extracellular particles have been classified as immature particles with translucent core center, typical mammalian C-type virus particles and C-type particles with intermediate membrane. However, the budded particles in secondarily infected human neoplastic cells contained complete doughnut-shaped nucleoids. This type of budding is rather characteristic for B-type particles. The 3H-uridine labeled RPMI8226 viral particles have a buoyant density 1.17 g/ml in sucrose gradient containing high molecular weight RNA and the distribution of viral structural proteins in SDS-PAGE is characteristic for oncornaviruses. The internal structural proteins according to MW are ranged from 13 000 to 30 000 daltons. The virus contains a magnesium-dependent reverse transcriptase. The cellular homogenate and viral concentrate from RPMI8226 cultures do not react with antibodies against ALSV, MuLV, FeLV, RD114, MP-MV and SiSLV. The only reaction was scored with anti BLV antibodies. However, anti BLV serum inhibiting the reverse transcriptase activity of BLV to 60% does not cross-react with the reverse transcriptase of RPMI8226V. In contrast to BLV concentrates, neither XC nor KC cells show syncytia formation by RPMI8226V. The RPMI8226V replication is restricted to human tumor and normal human glia-like cells. The possible origin of the virus is discussed.
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PMID:The retrovirus particles in human myeloma cells RPMI8226: morphological, biochemical, immunological and infective transmission studies. 8 Jul 55

A spleen colony-forming assay for the measurement of idiotype-specific transplantation resistance to MOPC-315 is described. The assay is highly quantitative, sensitive, reproducible, less time consuming and distinctly superior to conventional in vivo assays which measure tumor incidence, tumor size, and/or host survival time after tumor challenge. The assay directly measures those clonogenic cells of the MOPC-315 myeloma which have a sufficient proliferative capacity to form macroscopic splenic foci within 14 days after intravenous challenge.
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PMID:Plasmacytoma spleen colonization: a sensitive, quantitative in vivo assay for idiotype-specific immune suppression of MOPC-315. 8 90

Eleven patients with advanced multiple myeloma refractory to standard chemotherapy were treated with a regimen of sequential hemi-body radiotherapy consisting of 800 rad midplane in a single dose to each half. 9/10 patients experienced significant relief of skeletal pain and there were 5/11 objective tumor responses with one complete remission. Treatment-related morbidity was significant and consisted primarily of nausea and emesis, bone marrow suppression, and pneumonitis. This therapy is helpful in the management of advanced myeloma, and should be studied earlier in the course of the disease.
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PMID:Sequential hemi-body radiotherapy in advanced multiple myeloma. 8 3

Amyloidosis was induced in a number of strains of mice by repeated injections of casein and endotoxin. Spontaneous amyloid was obtained from Balb/C mice bearing a myeloma tumor (IgG2a producing MOPC 173 tumor) and from aged SJL/J mice. Both the induced and spontaneous forms were similar in their size, immunological reactivity, peptide maps and in the susceptibility of histological sections to oxidizing agents with or without trypsin digestion. Since case-induced murine amyloid resembles the nonimmunoglobulin from of human amyloid, it is concluded that an immunoglobulin form in mice has yet to be characterized.
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PMID:Similarity of casein- and endotoxin-induced, myeloma- associated and aged SJL/J amyloid in various strains of mice. 8 74

Tumor development, MOPC-315 stem cells, and M315-secretory cells were quantitated in carrier-primed BALB/c mice that had been challenged subcutaneously or i.v. with mixtures of TNP-carrier and TNP-binding MOPC-315 cells. We observed that tumor incidence, myeloma stem cells, and secretory myeloma cells were: i) suppressed in mice in whom carrier-specific suppressor T cells had previously been induced and ii) initially ehnahced in mice with carrier-specific helper T cells. The early enhancement in mice with carrier-specific helper T cells was followed by progressively declining myeloma stem cell frequencies and regression of established tumors. These studies demonstrate that T cell-derived immunoregulators of host origin can be focused onto localized and disseminated malignant B cells and specifically regulate the expansion and differentiation of the neoplastic clone.
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PMID:Immunoregulation of localized and disseminated murine myeloma: antigen-specific regulation of MOPC-315 stem cell proliferation and secretory cell differentiation. 8 59


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