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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Survival, causes of death and hospitalization have been studied in 99 patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome. The median survival of the patients was 702 days, and the 10 year actuarial survival only 10 per cent, which is not significantly better than the corresponding figures in the remission stage of AML. Although MDS-patients who developed acute leukemia had significantly (p less than 0.05) more platelets, they also had significantly (p less than 0.05) more major bleeding as a contributory cause of death than patients who did not develop leukemia. Bleeding seems to be diagnosed only in 12 per cent in vivo, whereas major bleeding is found at autopsy in 38 per cent of the patients. The patients who did not develop leukemia died significantly (p = 0.018) more often of cardiovascular causes. MDS patients spend one sixth of their remaining life in hospital, on an average. This is true both for those who develop leukemia and for those who do not. The terminal hospital stay lasts an average of 24 days, which is comparable to the figure for myeloma.
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PMID:Survival, hospitalization and cause of death in 99 patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome. 281 15

Four cases with trisomy 11 as the sole chromosomal anomaly are reported, three with de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and one with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after treatment for multiple myeloma. In reviewing the literature, we found 19 additional cases with trisomy 11 as the sole cytogenetic defect. All patients except one were reported to have ANLL or MDS. Thus, it seems that trisomy 11 is another rare but nonrandom chromosomal anomaly in ANLL and MDS. So far, no apparently characteristic clinical or cytologic signs have been found in these cases.
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PMID:Is trisomy 11 another nonrandom chromosomal anomaly in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes? 318 22

In order to evaluate the diagnostic importance of the megakaryocytic morphology in the 5q- syndrome we studied the bone marrow from 48 unselected patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). 44 cases were primary and 4 secondary to cytostatic drug treatment or irradiation. There were 24 cases with chromosome anomalies, of whom 10 had del (5q). 4 of these had refractory anaemia (RA) with 5q- as the sole anomaly (group A), 2 had RA with 5q- and additional chromosome anomalies consisting of trisomy 8 (group B); 3 patients had RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) and complex, karyotypic changes also including 5q- (group B). Changes of the same type were found in 1 case of multiple myeloma with secondary MDS. All 6 RA patients with 5q- had characteristic megakaryocytes. More than 50% of the cells had no more than 2 nuclear segments, and predominantly had a diameter of 30 micron or more. No other patient with RA showed this picture. Only 1 patient with RAEB 5q- in group B had the same megakaryocytic changes. We conclude that diagnosis of a 5q- syndrome may be strongly suspected in cases of RA with these bone marrow changes. In cases of RAEB 5q- group B the bone marrow examination did not reveal the same consistent changes.
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PMID:Application of megakaryocytic morphology in diagnosing 5q- syndrome. 320 66

Granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM) were studied in cultures of bone marrow from 16 apparently healthy normal controls, 9 patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome, 5 patients with myeloproliferative disease and 2 with myeloma. Supernatants from non-stimulated 72 hr cultures of nonadherent mononuclear blood cells ("lymphocytes") stimulated the forming of an average of 38.4 colonies per 100,000 cells from normal marrow. The addition of GIBCO's commercial conditioned medium or of a medium produced by lymphocytes stimulated with different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mcg/ml) of an acid lysate of thymus (thymomoduline), increased growth to 65.2 - 55.4 colonies (p less than 0.001 to 0.05). Similarly, a significant increase (p less than 0.05) was found in the number of clusters and colonies formed in cultures of marrow from patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome. In contrast, no growth was found when the thymus acid lysate was added directly to the bone marrow cultures, suggesting that the lysate induces the production of colony stimulating activity by lymphocytes, but does not contain it. Similarly no significant increase was found as regards the initially high number of colonies from the five patients with myeloproliferative disease, or as regards the initially low number in the two myeloma patients.
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PMID:The effect of a calf thymus acid lysate on bone marrow cell growth in vitro. 326 54

Twelve of 648 patients in the Medical Research Council's first two trials in myelomatosis have developed myelodysplasia or acute leukaemia. This corresponds to a 5-year actuarial prevalence of 3% and an 8-year prevalence of 10%. Patients were randomised to treatment with either melphalan or cyclophosphamide and the relative capabilities of these two drugs to cause these conditions were examined as a function of duration of treatment. A significant relationship with length of melphalan treatment was found but no relationship was observed for cyclophosphamide treatment. The amount of melphalan treatment given in various intervals before diagnosis of myelodysplasia or leukaemia was studied and it was found that the amount of treatment in the most recent 3-year period was the most important determinant of risk (P = 0.0001). It is estimated that the risk of haemopoietic neoplasia after 10 years of follow-up is about 3% for each year of melphalan treatment and that much of this risk will occur within three years of the last treatment.
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PMID:A comparison of the incidence of the myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia following melphalan and cyclophosphamide treatment for myelomatosis. A report to the Medical Research Council's working party on leukaemia in adults. 330 Jul 61

Vitamin C was shown to be an essential requirement for the growth of mouse myeloma cells in an in vitro colony assay. Human leukemia (acute nonlymphocytic leukemia) cell colonies grow well in a similar in vitro culture system, and vitamin C has been shown to enhance the growth of leukemic cell colonies in 77 (35%) of 219 leukemic patients while none of 34 normal bone marrows tested simultaneously shows growth enhancement by this vitamin. This vitamin C effect is reproducible in repeated experiments in same patients, specific to this vitamin, selective for leukemic cells, and is proven to be biological in nature. Further, leukemic cells are mobilized back and forth between cycling and resting states with vitamin C supplementation/depletion. Our more recent study indicates that the preleukemia (myelodysplastic syndrome), generally known to be related to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, has similar pattern in terms of vitamin C sensitivity, with 8 of 25 patients (32%) showing the growth enhancement with this vitamin.
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PMID:Vitamin C in leukemia and preleukemia cell growth. 336 76

Acquired Robertsonian translocations are considered to be very rare chromosome changes in human malignancy, and only three cases have been described. We report a dic(14;14)(p11;p11) in a patient with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) following treatment for multiple myeloma. This patient also had other complex chromosomal abnormalities. The pattern of karyotype evolution in this patient was established by a series of cytogenetic studies. The relationship of the complex chromosomal changes to MDS following treatment for multiple myeloma is discussed.
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PMID:An acquired Robertsonian translocation dic(14;14)(p11;p11) in a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome following treatment of multiple myeloma. 342 38

An identical chromosome abnormality, which appears to be derived from a 1;7 translocation [+der(1),t(1;7)(p11;p11)], was observed in the bone marrow of 12 patients with various hematologic disorders at the Mayo Clinic from 1980 to 1984. At the time of cytogenetic evaluation, nine of the patients had either a myeloproliferative disorder or a myelodysplastic syndrome, one had an acute leukemia, and two had treated multiple myeloma with no morphologic evidence of evolving myeloproliferative disease. Of the 11 patients for whom information about previous therapy was available, seven had a history of exposure to chemotherapy for a previous malignant disorder; we were unable to establish whether the remaining patient had had prior treatment. This study suggests a possible relationship between +der(1),t(1;7)(p11;p11) and some treatment-induced hematologic disorders. Such chromosome abnormalities may be the result of a reciprocal chromatid translocation and adjacent I segregation of a quadriradial configuration in metaphase.
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PMID:Unbalanced 1;7 translocation and therapy-induced hematologic disorders: a possible relationship. 370 88

Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of hematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is successful in the treatment of aplastic anemia with 70-85% long-term survival. It offers 10-30% apparent cures for patients with acute leukemia who have relapsed at least once, and for those with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first chemotherapy induced remission, and for those with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60% of these patients experience long-term, disease-free survival. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia grafted in second or subsequent remission may expect a 30% "cure" of their disease. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunologic deficiencies and certain genetic storage diseases. Cures of congenital Fanconi's anemia, Blackfan-Diamond anemia, osteopetrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and thalassemia major have been achieved. Marrow transplantation is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, preleukemia, multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma. Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA-identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. More recently, marrow transplants from HLA-nonidentical family members and even from unrelated donors have been successfully explored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Marrow transplantation: the Seattle experience. 391 47

Chromosome studies were done on 82 patients with multiple myeloma, 11 with amyloidosis, 2 with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis, and 5 with plasma cell leukemia to investigate their chromosomal abnormalities and to determine the usefulness of cytogenetic studies. A chromosomally abnormal clone was found in 29 patients but was observed most often in those with active disease: in 18% of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, in 63% with aggressive disease, and in 40% with plasma cell leukemia. Survival among the newly diagnosed patients was significantly shorter (P = .0089) for those in whom an abnormal clone was identified (median survival, six months) than for those in whom only normal metaphases were observed (median survival, greater than 12 months). Among all of the patients, survival from the time of chromosome analysis was shorter for those in whom a chromosomally abnormal clone was found: the median survival was three months for patients with all abnormal metaphases and eight months for patients with normal and abnormal metaphases and has not yet been reached for patients with only normal metaphases. The most common anomalous chromosomes in patients with a plasma cell proliferative disorder were 1, 11, and 14: 11 patients had an abnormality involving chromosome 14q32 and nine patients had an anomalous chromosome 11. The single most common abnormality, a t(11;14)(q13;q32), occurred in three patients. Among the patients who developed preleukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, the most common anomaly involved chromosome 7. The results suggest that cytogenetic studies are useful for identifying patients who have a poor prognosis and can help distinguish patients with a cytopenia because of preleukemia from those with an aggressive plasma cell proliferative process.
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PMID:The clinical significance of cytogenetic studies in 100 patients with multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, or amyloidosis. 392 26


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