Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventeen patients with mediastinal malignant tumors (four neurogenic tumors, four thymomas, three germ cell tumors, two malignant lymphomas and one each of carcinoid, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma and carcinoma simplex) were examined for the evaluation of percutaneous fine needle biopsy. In 16 cases of them, adequate materials for cytodiagnosis were obtained. Fifteen of the 17 cases (88%) were positive for malignant cells, and 1 case was negative. As for the histological types, 9 cytological diagnoses (60%) were compatible and 4 diagnoses (27%) were not. Regarding complications of percutaneous fine needle biopsy, 1 case of subcutaneous needle tract implantation was noted. Percutaneous fine needle biopsy is strongly recommended for diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.
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PMID:[Percutaneous fine needle biopsy for malignant mediastinal tumors]. 298 38

The mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) B-lymphocyte enhancer stimulates transcription from heterologous promoters 20- to 40-fold when transfected into several non-lymphoid cell lines. Stimulation in B-lymphocyte melanoma cell-lines is only about 5--10 times better. A central sequence is equally active in both cell types, whilst flanking sequences, on either side of the common enhancer sequences, specifically stimulate transcription in myeloma cells. These results suggest that there are factors in non-lymphoid cells that can interact with the IgH enhancer to stimulate transcription.
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PMID:The immunoglobulin heavy-chain B-lymphocyte enhancer efficiently stimulates transcription in non-lymphoid cells. 301 12

A monoclonal anti-testicular carcinoma antibody was obtained via the somatic cell fusion technique by immunization of BALB/c mice with freshly prepared single cell suspension from a patient with testicular embryonal carcinoma with choriocarcinoma components. The hybridoma supernates were screened against the testicular carcinoma cells used in the immunization as well as normal mononuclear white blood cells isolated from the same patient. An antibody (5F9) was selected which bound to fresh tumor cells from two patients with embryonal testicular carcinoma and failed to bind to fresh tumor cells from 24 patients (2 seminoma, 2 melanoma, 3 neck, 2 esophageal, 1 ovarian, 3 colon, 1 prostate, 2 breast, 1 liposarcoma, 3 endometrial, 1 kidney, 1 adrenal, 1 larynx and 1 bladder tumors) or cell suspensions prepared from normal liver, lung, spleen, ovary, testes, kidney, red blood cells or white blood cells. The antibody was tested for its binding to several well established cancer cell lines, and was found to bind to the BeWo human choriocarcinoma and two human embryonal carcinoma cell lines. The antibody did not react with 22 other cell lines or with hCG. The antibody was labeled with 131I and injected into nude mice bearing BeWo tumors and evaluated for tumor localization by performing whole body scans with a gamma camera 5 days later. Six mice injected with the antibody showed positive tumor localization without the need for background subtraction while six mice injected with MOPC-21, a murine myeloma immunoglobulin, demonstrated much less tumor localization. Tissue distribution studies performed after scanning showed specific tumor localization (8:1 tumor: muscle) for the monoclonal antibody and no specific localization for MOPC-21. This antibody thus has selective reactivity with the surface of tumor cells from embryonal carcinoma (testicle) and choriocarcinoma both in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to human embryonal carcinoma. 303 38

Monoclonal antibodies against a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line were prepared by production of a somatic cell hybrids between the spleen cells from U-393OS--immunized mice and the mouse myeloma cells SP2/0. From 7 producing and well-growing clones only one--B-0S12--produced antibodies, reactive preferentially with osteosarcoma cells as identified by binding second antibodies and 125I-labeled Protein A. This antibody was tested against a panel of normal and tumor cell targets to determine the pattern of the antigen detected. The monoclonal antibody reacted strongly against U-3930S cells and another human sarcoma in vitro and more weakly against human fibroblasts, peripheral lymphocytes, red blood cells and was negative against mouse fibroblasts. When tested against a panel of unrelated human tumor cell lines, B-0S12 antibody was positive with melanoma cells and negative with cells from bladder, cervix and mammary carcinoma. These cross reactions suggested, that the antibody is reactive with a protein, expressed on different tumor types. This protein is not expressed on the cell surface and is probably associated with cytoskeleton, as revealed by immunofluorescence experiments. Western-blot analysis of a cytoskeletal preparation of U-3930S cells suggests, that B-0S12 antibody recognizes a protein with Mr 55 kD. Further studies are needed to characterize the molecules, carrying the epitope, identified by this monoclonal antibody.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody to a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line. 304 55

Melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that is commonly administered orally to treat a wide variety of malignancies, including cancers of the breast and ovary, as well as multiple myeloma. Although commercially available in Europe and Canada, intravenous (IV) melphalan remains investigational in the United States. The role of IV melphalan in cancer chemotherapy is not well defined, despite its manageable toxicity and higher and more predictable blood levels following IV administration compared with oral administration. In addition, unlike oral melphalan, an extensive phase I evaluation of IV melphalan has not been undertaken. At lower doses (eg, 30 to 70 mg/m2), both as a single agent and in combination, the activity of IV melphalan has been evaluated in only a limited number of diseases. However, striking activity has been observed in previously untreated patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, a disease not generally considered responsive to alkylating agents. When administered at high doses (greater than 140 mg/m2) requiring bone marrow reinfusion, melphalan effects a high response rate (but no improvement in survival) in a variety of nonhematologic tumor types, including resistant tumors such as melanoma and colon carcinoma. In contrast, in poor-prognosis patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or neuroblastoma, high-dose melphalan-containing regimens have yielded both high response rates and improved survival, despite considerable toxicity. Additional clinical trials will be necessary to define the spectrum of activity of lower doses of IV melphalan and to define subgroups of patients most likely to benefit from high-dose melphalan.
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PMID:The systemic administration of intravenous melphalan. 305 5

Purified, recombinant human gamma-interferon (rIFN-gamma) was tested at clinically achievable doses for direct and indirect antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines using a clonogenic assay. One-h treatment with rIFN-gamma showed direct dose dependent inhibition of tumor colony growth in cell lines established from human melanoma, myeloma, renal cell, and cervical cancers. Longer treatments resulted in suppression of ovarian and breast carcinoma clonogenicity. In order to test for indirect antiproliferative effects of rIFN-gamma, feeder cells were included in a separate agarose underlayer in the cloning assay. These feeder cells included mouse peritoneal macrophages, U-937 (human histiocytic lymphoma cell line), and adherent cells from human malignant ascites specimens. Colony growth of ovarian carcinoma and melanoma cell lines was stimulated by each of these feeder cell types. Cultures containing mouse peritoneal macrophages or U-937 cells showed the same antiproliferative responses to rIFN-gamma as did control cultures without feeder cells. In contrast, human adherent ascites cells (greater than 80% macrophages) became strongly inhibitory to tumor colony growth when treated with rIFN-gamma. These results suggest that human tumor associated macrophages may become tumoricidal under the influence of rIFN-gamma, producing a diffusable substance in agarose culture which causes the observed antiproliferative effects on tumor cells.
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PMID:Direct and indirect effects of human recombinant gamma-interferon on tumor cells in a clonogenic assay. 308 Feb 33

Human tyrosinase was partially purified from the lysate of a melanoma cell line and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from the immunized mice were fused with a murine myeloma cell line (NS-1), yielding a hybridoma (5C12) that produced monoclonal antibody directed against tyrosinase. 5C12 antibody reacted with normal human melanocytes, neval cells, primary cultures of melanoma biopsies, and most melanoma cell lines, including amelanotic lines with very low levels of enzyme activity. No reaction was found with keratinocytes, lymphoid cells, fibroblasts, and nonmelanoma cell lines. The 5C12 antibody was used to affinity-purify tyrosinase directly from a cell lysate, giving a single protein of 60,000 daltons, electrophoretically identical with enzyme activity and immunoreactivity with 5C12 antibody. Treatment of melanoma cells with periodate significantly reduced antigenicity. It can be inferred from these results that 5C12 antibody is directed against a carbohydrate moiety present in active and inactive tyrosinase, and that amelanotic melanoma cells may contain significant levels of the latter protein.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody against human tyrosinase and reactive with melanotic and amelanotic melanoma cells. 312 79

Since 1981 there has been a constant rise in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and the anorectum among homosexual men in the United States. In addition, lung cancer, testicular cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, and multiple myeloma have been recently reported in persons at risk for AIDS with HIV infection, with some peculiar clinicopathological features, including age, histological type, and clinical aggressiveness. Within the GICAT (Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo AIDS & Tumori) framework, we have identified four cases of testicular cancer, two cases of leukemia, and 1 case each of cervical cancer, carcinoma of the oral cavity, lung cancer, brain tumor, and multiple myeloma in persons at risk for AIDS, mainly i.v. drug abusers, with HIV infection, diagnosed in different Italian institutions. Work is in progress in order to collect histological and clinical data on these tumors. Although these data are preliminary and are not indicative of an actual increase in the incidence of malignancies other than malignant lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma in the AIDS setting, clinicians should be aware of the possible association of these tumors with HIV infection.
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PMID:Malignant tumors other than lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma in association with HIV infection. 318 Jan 32

Interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-alpha) was administered by continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) infusion to 23 patients with hematologic malignancies or metastatic solid tumors: 5 patients with multiple myeloma, 3 with malignant melanoma, 2 with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 10 patients with renal cell cancer, and 3 patients with other solid tumors. Drug was delivered by continuous s.c. infusion for 28 days (1 cycle) at daily dose levels of 0.7, 1.4, 2.5, 3.6, or 5.0 X 10(6) IU/m2 to 3, 3, 3, 8, and 6 patients, respectively. At the highest dose level, a severe flu-like syndrome was seen in 3 patients and severe gastrointestinal toxicity in 2 patients. The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was 3.6 X 10(6) IU/m2.day and the principal toxicity was a mild to moderate flu-like syndrome. Local skin reactions were occasionally noted at all dose levels if the s.c. needle site was not rotated every 3-4 days. At dose levels of 2.5-3.6 X 10(6) IU/m2.day, IFN-alpha serum levels at steady state ranged from 19 to 61 IU/ml. The time to achieve steady-state conditions ranged from 40 to 72 h and at steady state, 24 h area under the concentration time curve (AUC24 h) ranged from 480 to 1,464 IU/ml.h. Objective responses were seen 3 of 17 evaluable patients: 1/7 in renal cell cancer (14%); 1/2 in CML and in one patient with ependymoma. Remissions lasted 4, 8, and 15 months in renal cell, CML, and ependymoma, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase I-II trial of interferon-alpha 2b by continuous subcutaneous infusion over 28 days. 323 Mar 30

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21


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