Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A monoclonal antibody, KM10 (IgG1) was produced by fusing spleen cells from a human gastric cancer cell (MKN45)-primed BALB/c mouse with the murine myeloma cell line X63-Ag8-653. The antibody reacted strongly with the plasma membrane of human gastrointestinal carcinoma. Sections of the malignant and benign tissues were tested with immunoperoxidase. All of 10 (100%) large intestinal cancers, 26 of 31 (84%) gastric cancers, 5 of 7 (71%) pancreatic cancers and all of 3 (100%) ampullary cancers reacted positively. Moderate or weak reactivity was observed with normal human tissues, hepatoma and carcinomas of mammary, thyroid and adrenal glands. According to a study of the distribution of 125I-labeled KM10 in nude mice bearing human gastric cancer, KM10 selectively localized in tumor tissue rather than normal tissue. Whole body autoradiography also supported such a selective distribution. Destruction of antigenic properties by pronase digestion demonstrated its protein nature and by Western blot analysis, it was identified as a protein with an Mr of 180-200 kd. KM10-adriamycin (ADM) conjugate was prepared via an oxidized dextran bridge and this immunoconjugate retained the binding activity against human gastric cancer. MKN45 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into athymic mice and intravenous treatment was begun when the tumor became measurable. A dose-dependent antitumor activity was observed in vivo with KM10-ADM conjugate, while this conjugate was less toxic than free ADM.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody, KM10 reactive with human gastrointestinal cancer and its application for immunotherapy. 314 6

The risk of cancer associated with a broad range of organ doses was estimated in an international study of women with cervical cancer. Among 150,000 patients reported to one of 19 population-based cancer registries or treated in any of 20 oncology clinics, 4188 women with second cancers and 6880 matched controls were selected for detailed study. Radiation doses for selected organs were reconstructed for each patient on the basis of her original radiotherapy records. Very high doses, on the order of several hundred gray, were found to increase the risk of cancers of the bladder [relative risk (RR) = 4.0], rectum (RR = 1.8), vagina (RR = 2.7), and possibly bone (RR = 1.3), uterine corpus (RR = 1.3), cecum (RR = 1.5), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 2.5). For all female genital cancers taken together, a sharp dose-response gradient was observed, reaching fivefold for doses more than 150 Gy. Several gray increased the risk of stomach cancer (RR = 2.1) and leukemia (RR = 2.0). Although cancer of the pancreas was elevated, there was no evidence of a dose-dependent risk. Cancer of the kidney was significantly increased among 15-year survivors. A nonsignificant twofold risk of radiogenic thyroid cancer was observed following an average dose of only 0.11 Gy. Breast cancer was not increased overall, despite an average dose of 0.31 Gy and 953 cases available for evaluation (RR = 0.9); there was, however, a weak suggestion of a dose response among women whose ovaries had been surgically removed. Doses greater than 6 Gy to the ovaries reduced breast cancer risk by 44%. A significant deficit of ovarian cancer was observed within 5 years of radiotherapy; in contrast, a dose response was suggested among 10-year survivors. Radiation was not found to increase the overall risk of cancers of the small intestine, colon, ovary, vulva, connective tissue, breast, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. For most cancers associated with radiation, risks were highest among long-term survivors and appeared concentrated among women irradiated at relatively younger ages.
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PMID:Radiation dose and second cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. 318 29

A human immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody secreting hybridoma, HMG1, has been established and studied for its reactivity against human gastric cancer cells. Lymphocytes isolated from a regional lymph node of patient with gastric adenocarcinoma were fused with mouse myeloma cells NS-1. Supernatants from the generated human-mouse hybrids were first screened for immunoglobulin production by ELISA. The identified human IgM-secreting hybridomas were expanded and subcloned for further analysis or cryopreservation. The screening for binding of antibodies to a panel of human cancer cell lines and normal fibroblast was carried out with PAP or indirect immunofluorescence stain. The selected hybridoma, HMG1 after being cloned three times, was stable in secreting IgM (about 4 micrograms/1 x 10(6) cells) for more than 9 months. Large amount of ascites was obtained by injecting this hybrid to BALB/C nude mice pretreated with anti-lymphocyte serum and pristane. The ascitic fluid contained 5-19 mg human Ig/ml. Subsequently this IgM was extracted from ascitic fluid by saturated ammonium sulphate solution. This crude extract was further purified with immuno-affinity chromatography. Both this purified ascite-IgM as well as IgM from HMG1 supernatant would react with gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 but not with human normal fibroblasts 350Q by PAP or immunofluorescence analysis. The human HMG1-IgM reacted with gastric cancer cells on paraffin embedded tissue section but did not react with normal gastric mucosa cells. HMG1-IgM had some complement dependent cytotoxicity against BGC-823. These results suggest that the establishment of anticancer human monoclonal antibodies with human-mouse hybridoma technique be feasible. There is a possibility for clinical applications of this human monoclonal antibody in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study of anticancer human monoclonal antibody--establishment of human monoclonal antibody to gastric cancer by human-mouse hybridoma]. 324 78

A monoclonal antibody, GC302, was established by fusing murine myeloma NS/1 cells with the splenocytes of a BALB/c mouse immunized with a human gastric cancer cell line, NU-GC-3. The serological specificity of GC302 was analyzed by an anti-mouse Ig mixed-hemadsorption (MHA) test on a panel of human cell lines, and an immunoperoxidase method using the frozen sections of tumors and normal tissues of adult and fetus. GC302 reacted with cancers of the stomach and colorectum but did not react with hepatocellular carcinomas, melanomas, or astrocytomas in the MHA tests. By the immunoperoxidase method, GC302 was found not to react with normal adult gastric mucosa, but to react with the mucosa in the fetal stomach, intestinal metaplasia, and almost all of the cancer of the stomach. GC302 also reacted with the normal mucosa of the intestine, colon, and rectum as well as with cancers of these origins. In normal liver sections, the antibody reacted with the bile ducts, but not with the hepatic cells. These results indicate that the antigen detected by GC302 is characterized as an oncofetal antigen in the stomach, and also as a differentiation antigen whose localization discriminates between the gastrointestinal tracts of the forgut origin and those of the midgut and hindgut origin. The molecular weight of the GC302 antigen was estimated to be ca. 40,000 by the Western blot analysis. Periodic acid treatment on the antigen suggested that the antigenic determinant is a carbohydrate.
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PMID:A stomach oncofetal antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody GC302. 332 73

We calculated 5-year crude and relative survival rates, by age and sex, for patients in Alberta in whom cancer was diagnosed between 1974 and 1978. Cancers with low overall 5-year relative survival rates (less than 35%) included stomach cancer, cancer of the pancreas, lung cancer, brain cancer, multiple myeloma and myeloid leukemia. Cancers with high overall 5-year relative survival rates (more than 70%) included melanoma, breast cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the bladder and Hodgkin's disease. Five-year relative survival rates were generally lower in the highest age group (75 years or more). A strong inverse relation between age and survival was noted for brain cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:Survival rates among patients with cancer in Alberta in 1974-78. 337 May 94

Five-year relative case-survival rates for all cancers collectively are similar in South Australia (49%) and the United States (50%). This suggests that outcomes of cancer treatment do not vary appreciably between the two populations. There is an indication of higher survival rates in South Australia for melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma and gastric cancer, but lower survival rates for cancers of the thyroid, corpus uteri, prostate, colon, kidney and lung. The differences in point estimates of the rates were most conspicuous for Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma and prostatic cancer. The reasons for a cautious interpretation of these findings are discussed and some possible explanations are suggested. South Australian data point to an upward trend in survival rates between the diagnostic periods 1977-1980 and 1981-1985 for patients with Hodgkin's disease, diffuse large-cell lymphomas, melanomas and cancers of the prostate and rectum.
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PMID:Cancer case-survival rates for South Australia: a comparison with US rates and a preliminary investigation of time trends. 337 24

Sixty-seven patients with hematological malignancies and 4 with cancers were evaluated in this study. Standard administration of MCNU was instituted intravenously using 50-100 mg/m2 every 2 or 4 weeks, whereas some cases were treated with a higher dose therapy. Of 10 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, 7 achieved complete remission (CR), and 1 achieved partial remission (PR). A good response was also obtained in 9 of 10 patients with polycythemia vera and in all 4 patients with essential thrombocythemia. MCNU was less effective in malignant lymphoma (ML) and multiple myeloma (MM) than in myeloproliferative disorders. Two of 15 patients with ML and one of 21 patients with MM achieved CR, and two with ML and three MM achieved PR. Three patients with lung cancer and 1 with gastric cancer showed no response to MCNU. Delayed anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 38.7% of patients, and these were regarded as major side effects of MCNU. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia and elevated transaminase were also found in about 24% of patients, but only transiently. Our study indicates that MCNU is useful for chemotherapy of hematological malignancies, especially of myeloproliferative disorders. Therefore, further studies on combination chemotherapy with MCNU should be developed.
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PMID:[Phase II study of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU)]. 385 48

Five patients with multiple cancers that included hematologic malignancies are described. The incidence of multiple cancers in hematologic malignancies has been 8.8% in the past two and a half years at our hospital. The combinations were: 1) primary bilateral breast cancers and acute monocytic leukemia; 2) breast cancer, malignant lymphoma and gastric cancer; 3) malignant lymphoma and gastric cancer; 4) malignant lymphoma and prostate cancer, and 5) colon cancer and multiple myeloma. Our experience suggests an increasing incidence of multiple cancer in hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:[A report of five cases of multiple cancer with hematologic malignancies]. 386 85

Eleven patients with spinal cord compression due to metastatic epidural tumors were analyzed. Primary tumors were Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma (two patients each), cervical cancer, malignant melanoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and neuroblastoma (one patient each). It was felt that myelography is the most important diagnostic test, although CT scan and bone scan may give further diagnostic information in some patients. Six patients were treated with decompressive laminectomy and postoperative radiotherapy, and five with radiotherapy alone. Regardless of the pretreatment neurological status and the type of treatment given, the functional prognosis in our small series of patients appeared to be favorable for radiosensitive tumors such as malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
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PMID:[Clinical study of spinal cord compression due to metastatic epidural tumors]. 395 Nov 27

Two hundred and thirty-six cases of multiple primary cancer associated with hematological malignancies, collected from 35 medical institutions in Japan, are reported. Based on the time interval between the first cancer and the second cancer, they were divided into three groups: synchronous cancer (94 cases), metachronous cancer subsequent to hematological malignancy (61 cases) and metachronous hematological malignancy subsequent to carcinoma (76 cases). The most common initial cancers were acute leukemia (including atypical leukemia and erythroleukemia), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and chronic myelogenous leukemia of the hematological malignancies, and gastric cancer of the carcinomas. Patients with cancer of the uterus and breast in the metachronous cancer group metachronously developed hematological malignancies more frequently than those in the synchronous cancer group. Multiple primary cancer was observed more frequently in men than in women both in the synchronous cancer group and in the group with metachronous cancer subsequent to hematological malignancies. Acute leukemia was the most frequent disease type in incidence among the metachronous hematological malignancies. This secondary acute leukemia was characterized by a mostly granulocytic nature, poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis.
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PMID:Multiple primary cancers associated with hematological malignancies. 400 83


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