Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The one-direction radial diffusion method has been used in studies of the blood sera from 75 subjects and the kappa and lambda immunoglobulin types levels have been determined. The kappa:lambda (K:L) index was also calculated. The index values in sera of 20 healthy subjects remained in the range from 1.58:1 to 2.14:1 (mean: 1.86:1). The normal index values have been stated in 5/5 sera of patients with bacterial pneumonia. In 12/12 sera from patients with plasma cell myeloma the significant abnormalities of the index values have been noted. Abnormal index values have also been stated in 9/10 patients with acute leukemia, 4/9 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 7/8 patients with lupus erythematosus and 4/4 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The quantitative determination of particular immunoglobulin types may be useful in the diagnostics of the immunoglobulin types may be useful in the diagnostics of the immunoglobulin monoclonal synthesis. The abnormalities of the K:L index observed in patients with leukemias and autoimmune disease suggest that these diseases are frequently characterized by the monoclonal synthesis of immunoglobulins.
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PMID:[Serum immunoglobulin types and their levels in patients with proliferative and autoimmune diseases of the hematopoietic system]. 250 35

The introduction of preparations of immune serum globulin that are safe for intravenous use (IVIG) has made possible safe and effective prophylactic treatment for patients with a variety of humoral immunodeficiencies. These include not only primary agammaglobulinemia and common variable hypogammaglobulinemia but also the antibody deficiencies that accompany chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma, as well as the hypogamma-globulinemia found in very low birth weight newborns who have not received adequate transplacental IgG from their mothers. In contrast, trials to date have not shown efficacy of IVIG in preventing sepsis in burn patients. The ease of administration and efficacy of IVIG in preventing respiratory symptoms in hypogammaglobulinemic patients has suggested that many other patients presenting with sinusitis and asthma, recurrent bronchitis, and other chronic chest symptoms might also benefit from IVIG and that they should be worked up for IgG subclass or specific antibody deficiencies. Side effects of IVIG administration are generally minor and may be prevented by slow administration and/or pretreatment with aspirin or Benadryl. The only contraindication to IVIG treatment is anaphylactic sensitivity to IgA, which is extremely rare. IVIG is thus an effective and safe form of prophylaxis that can reduce the incidence of pneumonia and other respiratory infections in patients with antibody deficiency as a predisposing factor.
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PMID:Role of gamma globulin. 251 39

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia is a distinct clinicopathologic entity defined by skin lesions that are characteristic both clinically and histologically, as well as a by variety of hematologic and chemical abnormalities. It is frequently associated with multiple myeloma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A patient with the characteristic findings but with an unusual course is described.
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PMID:Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia. 258 52

Murine immunocytoma cell line, NS-1, was fused with spleen cells of Balb/C mice which had been stimulated by tolerogenic disaggregated human gamma globulin and immunized by purified serum IgM from the patient with chronic B cell leukemia (B-CLL). 10 hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal anti-idiotype (anti-Id) antibodies to human CLL were obtained. The McAbs were subclasses belonging to IgM and of IgG mouse. Specificity and biologic characters of the monoclonal anti-Id antibodies from culture fluid or ascites were assayed by ELISA, indirect mixed ELISA sandwich, ELISA inhibition, immunofluorescence (IF) and IF inhibition. The study also proved that monoclonal anti-Id antibodies could react with homologous IgM, but not with Ig from normal donors or a panel of patients with myeloma. The results of IF and IF inhibition assay showed that monoclonal anti-Id antibodies were bound to lymphocytes of patient with B-CLL. Their reactivity was inhibited by homologous IgM, but not by lymphocytes of patients with ALL or lymphoma. Monoclonal anti-Id antibodies were heterogenous reactive patterns with cell lines in vitro.
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PMID:Studies on monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies to human B cell leukemia. 263 Jun 54

Bone marrow pathology of hematological neoplasms was evaluated using short TI IR sequences and T2 weighted STIR (IR 1500/100/40, IR 1500/100/80). Material consisted of 49 individuals including 10 leukemias, 5 myelofibroses and 30 multiple myelomas. On IR 1500/100/40, all cases revealed heterogenously or diffusely high intensity. On IR 1500/100/80, both of acute and chronic myelocytic leukemias revealed definite signal decrease, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis and multiple myeloma showed no obvious signal decrease.
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PMID:[MR imaging of the bone marrow using short TI IR. Part 2--Normal and pathological intensity distribution of the bone marrow]. 275 80

To establish the clonal origin of a case of concomitant B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (IgM kappa) and multiple myeloma (IGA lambda), we analyzed the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements in the patient's blood and bone marrow. Despite the different isotypes, pretreatment investigation of the heavy chain gene (JH) revealed a germline fragment and two identical rearrangements in the blood and marrow. Both kappa and lambda light-chain genes were rearranged in the blood, suggesting peripheral blood lymphocyte involvement in the myeloma. Analysis of the Ig genes after chemotherapy demonstrated no change in the JH or CK rearrangements; however, the lambda genes were now in a germline configuration. Our results suggest that in this patient both chronic lymphocytic leukemia and myeloma originated from the same B-cell progenitor.
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PMID:Molecular evidence for a single clonal origin in biphenotypic concomitant chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. 280 47

Failure of host defense systems associated with malignancies may be attributable to the tumor, to cytoreductive therapy or to combined endogenous and iatrogenic influences. Management of the resulting increased susceptibility to infections may require supplementation of antibiotic therapy with additional forms of treatment, including passive immunization with antibodies. This review discusses the use of immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous administration (IVIG) in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies associated with neoplasia. A suitable model for evaluating the prophylactic effect of IVIG is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Many observations suggest that IVIG reduces the frequency of acute respiratory infections. Another malignant condition with decreased serum levels of polyclonal immunoglobulins and high frequency of infections is multiple myeloma. A crossover study recently demonstrated that IVIG significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the frequency of respiratory tract infections in these patients. Furthermore the prophylactic effect of IVIG was evaluated in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. In a randomized prospective trial it was noticed that IVIG applied during intensive chemotherapy and irradiation courses significantly (P = 0.04) reduced the frequency of infections. Evidence for a therapeutic effect of IVIG was obtained in adult tumor patients and in children with leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed severe varicella-zoster virus infections. The treatment effectively controlled fever, skin lesions and neuralgia and prevented progression of the infection. Therapeutic usefulness of IVIG in bacterial infections is still based on anecdotal evidence. Experimental data suggest that in addition to effects mediated by specific antibodies, nonspecific interactions of IgG molecules with Fc-receptors on macrophages may be clinically important.
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PMID:Prophylactic and therapeutic use of immunoglobulin for intravenous administration in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies associated with malignancies. 284 Jun 30

The clinical significance of Bence Jones (BJ) proteinuria at low concentration (less than 0.2 g/24 hours) was investigated in 33 unselected patients who had no intact monoclonal immunoglobulin in their serum. The great majority (79%) of the patients were recognized as having malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (46%), hairy cell leukemia (6%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (27%), whereas only two patients (6%) had multiple myeloma or systemic amyloidosis. Five patients (15%) had no evidence of definite malignant immunoproliferative disorders at the time of recognition of BJ proteinuria. Three of them, who were excreting steadily low amounts of BJ protein in their urine for 47, 61, and 73 months, respectively, without development of any B-lymphocytic malignancy, were classified as having a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. In the remaining two patients, BJ protein disappeared spontaneously 14 and 18 months, respectively, after its recognition. The study indicates that pure BJ proteinuria, even when occurring at low concentration, is most consistently associated with malignant proliferations of B-lymphocytic origin. However, the possibility should be considered that the clinical spectrum of the monoclonal gammopathy of the light chain type also includes benign and transient forms.
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PMID:The clinical significance of pure Bence Jones proteinuria at low concentration. 292 4

We have studied the administration of both oral and intravenous dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) in patients with hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria due to increased bone resorption in the setting of multiple myeloma (N = 16) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (N = 1). The effectiveness of 1600 mg of oral Cl2MDP twice daily was studied in 14 subjects with refractory multiple myeloma, active osteolytic disease and either persistent hypercalciuria (urinary Ca greater than 200 mg per g creatine on a low Ca intake) or hypercalcemia (serum Ca greater than 11.0 mg/dl), in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 16 week-long trial. Of the 12 patients who received Cl2MDP (2 died in the placebo phase), 11 had marked reductions in urinary calcium (P less than 0.001), which fell into the normal range in 9. Urinary hydroxyproline decreased significantly in 8. Eight of the 11 responders also appeared to have decreases in bone pain associated with Cl2MDP therapy. Similar results were found when this protocol was used in a study of 10 women with breast cancer metastatic to bone. In addition, intravenous Cl2MDP was studied in 12 patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy, of whom 2 had multiple myeloma and 1 had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associated with extensive osteolytic bone destruction. We gave 2.5 mg/kg on the first treatment day and 5 mg/kg daily thereafter for up to six more days. Serum calcium fell to normal after a mean of four days in the three patients with hematologic malignancies as well as in eight of the nine with solid tumors. Both urinary Ca and OHP also declined significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dichloromethylene diphosphonate action in hematologic and other malignancies. 296 56

We investigated the clonal relationship of malignant cells in a patient affected with both chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). CLL cells and malignant plasma cells synthesized IgG1 kappa and IgA kappa molecules, respectively; these monoclonal Ig shared idiotypic determinants, providing evidence that a single clonal disease occurred in this patient. Furthermore, when leukemic CLL cells were driven to differentiate in vitro to immunoblasts and plasma cells, a switch from IgG to IgA occurred in a significant percentage of cells that were double producers. These data suggest that, in some circumstances, CLL leukemic B cells may reach a more mature state, leading to the occurrence of clinical MM.
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PMID:Associated chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma: origin from a single clone. 299 Jun 8


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