Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The production and detailed immunostaining properties of a new rat monoclonal antibody (ICR.2) to epithelial membrane antigen are reported. The antibody was selected for its ability to compete with the polyclonal antiserum (M7), used in the original immunohistological studies, in order that it might serve as a direct replacement in diagnosing epithelial tumours. Most of the staining reactions on normal tissues were identical to those previously reported with M7 but there were some important differences. They included: positivity of renal and adrenal capsular fibroblasts, perineurium, some myoepithelial and smooth muscle cells, occasional osteoblasts and squamous and thyroid follicular epithelium in the normal state. The intercellular canaliculi of sweat glands and secretory canaliculi of gastric oxyntic cells were clearly demonstrated. These staining reactions could be obtained with M7 when a sensitive detection system was used although the results were usually weak and inconsistent. Nearly all adenosquamous and transitional carcinomas were positive. The remaining tumours fell into three major groups: (1) those which were consistently or nearly consistently negative--melanoma, seminoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, granulocytic sarcoma, paraganglioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease and embryonal carcinoma: (2) those which were either negative or positive with distinctive patterns of staining--basal cell carcinoma, embryonal tumours: and (3) non-epithelial tumours that were consistently positive--epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma and myeloma--or positive in a significant minority of cases--leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, clear cell sarcoma of tendon sheath, various neuroectodermal tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detailed investigation of the diagnostic value in tumour histopathology of ICR.2, a new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen. 169 88

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against human osteosarcoma cells were obtained by the fusion of NS/1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from the human osteosarcoma cell line-immunized BALB/c mice. Two hybrid clones were established and designated as 2H10 and 2D3. Both MoAbs reacted strongly with all osteosarcoma tissues but not with other bone and soft tissue tumors such as chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. In addition, neither MoAb reacted with tumor cell lines and tissues obtained from other cancers. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that 2H10 and 2D3 reacted with endothelial cells in sarcoma tissues, but not with those of other tumors and normal tissues. 2H10 also reacted with cells on the basal layer of epidermis of the skin. 2H10- and 2D3-defined antigen has an approximate molecular weight of 75,000 under nonreducing and reducing conditions, indicating that the antigen has a single chain structure and there is no intramolecular disulfide bond. 2H10- and 2D3-defined antigen has a pI value between 5.5 and 6.2. Sequential immunoprecipitation analysis clearly demonstrated that 2H10 and 2D3 recognized the same antigen molecule. However, further analysis suggested the possibility that 2H10 and 2D3 MoAbs recognized the different antigenic determinants on the same antigen molecule.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies that detect different antigenic determinants of the same human osteosarcoma-associated antigen. 245 Jun 50

Multiple primary cancers form 1 to 10% of all malignancies, but only a few cases of quadruple cancers are reported a year in Japan. We report a case of quadruple cancers--gastric adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, multiple myeloma and leiomyosarcoma of bladder.
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PMID:[Quadruple cancers (gastric adenocarcinoma, multiple myeloma, transitional cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma of the bladder]. 344 35

A distilled water lavage is sometimes used during tumor surgery in an effort to kill tumor cells spilled into a cavity or wound. To test the efficacy of this technique, a model study utilized nine different human tumor cell lines, subjected in vitro to hypotonic exposure for 1 to 10 minutes. Only the carcinoid, multiple myeloma, leiomyosarcoma cell lines, and normal lymphocytes were destroyed by the treatment. Although breast, ovarian, gastric, bladder, and melanoma cell lines were damaged to varying degrees, viable cells persisted in all cases. These data suggest that hypotonic shock is not an effective method to kill human tumor cells.
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PMID:Human tumor cell destruction by distilled water. An in vitro evaluation. 399 86

Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were among the earliest recognized manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Excluding these two tumors, the overall risk of all other cancers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is similar to that of the general population. However, varying levels of evidence link several additional neoplasms to HIV infection. The evidence is strongest for an association with Hodgkin's disease, with lower relative and absolute risks than for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia also appears to be HIV associated, but increases of invasive disease are still uncertain for both cervical and anal cancers. Various studies have suggested associations with testicular seminoma, multiple myeloma, oral cancer, and melanoma, but the data are inconsistent. Leiomyosarcoma and benign leiomyomas have increased in incidence in HIV-infected children but are unusual in HIV-infected adults. Conjunctival carcinoma is seen in HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa but it is uncommon in Western countries. Most other cancers do not seem to have increased incidences in HIV infection. The etiologic mechanisms of HIV-related cancer likely differ among these diverse cancers and do not globally increase cancer risk.
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PMID:Association of non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining cancers with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 970 98

IVIg is a preparation of normal polyspecific IgG obtained from pooled plasma of a large number of healthy donors. IVIg treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia induced a reduction in the total number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Regression of Kaposi's sarcoma was also noted in an HIV patient treated with IVIg. The aim of this study was to determine whether F(ab')2 prepared from IVIg binds to cellular structures of different tumor tissues. Biotinylated F(ab')2 was prepared from 3 different preparations of IVIg and from affinity purified IgG from a patient with multiple myeloma. Direct immunohistochemistry using a streptavidin peroxidase staining method was performed on biopsy samples of 18 different tumor tissues. Positive staining of the cytoplasm, cell membrane and nuclear membrane of several types of malignant tumors by F(ab')2 from IVIg was immunohistochemically demonstrated. Nuclear staining of tumor cells by IVIg was rare. IVIg bound to different tumors of epithelial origin, especially colon carcinoma, breast carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin such as leiomyosarcoma have also demonstrated positive staining by IVIg. IVIg contains antibodies to the cytoplasm, nuclear membrane and cell membrane of different malignant tumors especially of epithelial origin. This binding might provide a basis for the assumption that IVIg treatment of cancer patients may induce antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity response against tumors, and implies that it can be potentially beneficial as adjuvant treatment of malignant diseases.
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PMID:Antibodies to the cytoplasm, cell membrane and nuclear membrane of malignant neoplasms in pooled normal human polyspecific immunoglobulin G. 1056 13

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) results in an extraordinary increase in the risk of two malignancies: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS; relative risk [RR], >10,000) and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; RR, >100). KS appears to result from uncontrolled expression of latency genes of human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8). KS is exquisitely sensitive to immune deficiency, and its incidence has declined during the late 1990s with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The risk of NHL is highest with high-grade histologies, and the incidence has declined only slightly with HAART. The risk of KS and NHL is decreased for people with the CCRS delta32 polymorphism, and NHL risk is increased with the SDFI-3'A polymorphism. Children with AIDS have a similar pattern of risk, but also have a high risk of leiomyosarcoma (RR, approximately 10,000). AIDS-related immune deficiency also increases the risk of Hodgkin's disease (RR, 8), probably multiple myeloma (RR, 5), and possibly other tumors in adults. Although the occurrence of cervical cancer (RR, 3) and anal cancer (RR, 30) is excessive among persons with AIDS, most or all of this excess results from sexually acquired human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and not from immune deficiency. Future efforts need to focus on understanding how the immune perturbation of AIDS results in a limited spectrum of tumors and most urgently on controlling the underlying HIV epidemic.
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PMID:The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome malignancies. 1095 Mar 65

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the first-line investigation in any breast lump and hence cytomorphological recognition of nonmammary metastatic tumors to the breast and their distinction from primary tumors is important. Metastatic breast neoplasms diagnosed over a 6-yr period from 1997 to 2002 were retrieved from the database of the Department of Cytopathology and the clinical, cytopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings were correlated with the histopathology of the primary tumor. Fifteen cases of metastatic breast neoplasms were encountered constituting 1.47% of all malignant tumors of the breast diagnosed on FNA. There were 14 female patients and one male patient aged 13-80 yr. The preaspiration clinical diagnosis was either a benign breast lump or a malignancy (primary vs. metastatic). The breast lump was the initial presentation in four cases and the cytodiagnosis of a metastatic malignancy lead to the subsequent detection of the primary malignancy. These included one case each of melanoma, myeloma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and small-cell carcinoma of the lung. There were five pediatric cases that included four cases of rhabdomyosarcoma and one case of leukemic deposit. The adult cases included two cases each of melanoma, small-cell carcinoma, and myeloma; one case of choriocarcinoma; and three cases of soft-tissue sarcomas. These included two cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and one case of leiomyosarcoma. The presence of unusual cytomorphological patterns on breast FNA should alert the cytopathologist to the possibility of a metastatic breast neoplasm, even if not suspected clinically. A detailed history of the patient, clinical correlation, and immunocytochemistry helps in establishing an accurate diagnosis, which avoids unnecessary surgery and ensures appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of extramammary neoplasms metastatic to the breast. 1575 68

A 53-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. There was no change in laboratory investigations other than a slight increase in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed multiple hepatic nodular lesions in the liver. Tru-cut biopsy of the lesions was reported as well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. The patient received sandostatin treatment. After a few days, the patient was hospitalized in the intensive care unit with disturbance of consciousness and clinical features suggestive of encephalopathy. Serum ammonia level was found highly elevated. After the treatment with L-ornithine-L-aspartate, a remarkable improvement in the level of patient's sensorium occurred as well as a reduction in serum ammonia level within a few days. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was performed one week later. The patient's condition began to worsen along with increase in serum ammonia level and he died because of hyperammonemic encephalopathy. There are case reports of hyperammonemia with some malignancies such as multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and leiomyosarcoma, or in some patients who have received chemotherapy. This case may suggest an association between hyperammonemia and neuroendocrine tumors.
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PMID:Hyperammonemic encephalopathy in a patient with primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. 1903 Oct 17

An outbreak of simultaneously occurring haemangiomas, leiomyosarcoma and myeloma was observed in a commercial layer flock in China. The sick chickens were extremely thin and dehydrated. Scattered haemangiomas were found on the claws, breast and wings. At necropsy, haemangiomas and some other nodular tumours were also found in the internal organs. In addition, diffuse enlargement of the liver and spleen appeared in some birds. Histopathologically, haemangiomas were typically cavernous haemangiomas and haemangioendothelioma. In the diffusely swollen liver and spleen, multifocal or widespread marrow tumour cells filled with ball-like acidophilic particles in cytosol were observed, which are the characteristic pathological changes of avian myelocytomatosis. The nodular tumour cells formed by muscle bundles were of variable size, irregular shape, poorly differentiated and malaligned. Immunohistochemistry for vimentin, cytokeratin, actin (smooth muscle) and actin (sarcomeric) and Masson's staining confirmed the different cell lineage of the nodular tumour, thus leading to the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. The seroprevalence of avian leukosis subgroup J (ALV-J) antibodies was 13.46% (7/52), while ALV-A/B and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) antibodies were not detectable. The DF-1 cells inoculated by virus extracted from liver samples from 24 infected chickens were cultured and the group-specific antigen (GSA) was identified by ELISA. All samples were positive for ALV, which was further identified as ALV-J by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). PCR analysis revealed that three isolates of ALV-J proviral sequence were close to the HPRS-103 prototype strain and other Chinese field strains isolated in recent years, while one isolate (DP01) had a lower homology with them. This is the first report that ALV-J infection caused the simultaneous occurrence of haemangiomas, leiomyosarcoma and myeloma in a commercial layer flock.
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PMID:Haemangiomas, leiomyosarcoma and myeloma caused by subgroup J avian leukosis virus in a commercial layer flock. 2108 14


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