Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors studied expectoration, cough clearance and immunity in 48 patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary affections (COPA) associated with lymphoproliferative diseases (chronic lymphoid leukemia, lymphocytic lymphoma, myeloma) versus 16 control patients suffering from COPA alone. patients of the test group received cytostatics and steroids according to standard schemes. They are shown to develop aggravation of immune defects with emergence of persistent secondary immunodeficiency, more marked disturbance of tracheobronchial clearance with more frequent occurrence of persistent ciliary dyskinesia. This resulted in slower relief of clinical symptoms, more severe course dictating the necessity of longer treatment, the addition of immunocorrectors, antibacterial drugs without immunosuppressive action.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of chronic obstructive lung diseases against a background of lymphoproliferative diseases]. 922 20

Recurrent bacterial infections due to humoral immunodeficiency are an important cause of death in myeloma patients. Recent data indicate that CD8+ T lymphocytes and a reduction of T helper type 1 cells with disease progression may be involved in the regulation of polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion. In mixed lymphocyte cultures derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 24 myeloma patients with reduced immunoglobulin serum levels we investigated the association of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets and immunoglobulin-secreting B cells (ISC) upon mitogenic stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and concanavalin A (Con A). In supernatants of cultured PBMC of myeloma patients the spontaneous secretion of the type 1 cytokine interferon-gamma was reduced. After PWM stimulation reduced numbers of polyclonal ISC were found in 79% of patients, and monoclonal ISC were observed in 12% of patients. After Con A stimulation, again formation of polyclonal ISC was reduced, but monoclonal ISC were found in 41% of patients. Elevation of monoclonal and reduction of polyclonal ISC after stimulation with Con A were associated with an increase of CD8+ CD11b+ Leu-8- T cells (P<0.05). We conclude that the elevated numbers of CD8+ CD11b+ Leu-8- T cells play a role in the stimulation of monoclonal and suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion in myeloma patients.
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PMID:Elevation of CD8+ CD11b+ Leu-8- T cells is associated with the humoral immunodeficiency in myeloma patients. 927 27

In mice, Pax5 gene is indispensable for B cell development. Pax5-deficient mice fail to produce mature B cells owing to complete arrest of B cell development at a precursor stage. However, the lineage and stage of human Pax5 gene expression have remained elusive. In this investigation expression of the human Pax5 gene was studied. Pax5 gene expression was detected in B cell lines but not in myeloma cell lines. CD19 expression was correlated with Pax5 gene expression. Adult spleen and bone marrow and fetal spleen and liver showed strong Pax5 gene expression, as did the corresponding mouse tissues, as reported previously. In common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with a decreased number of B cells, no Pax5 gene expression was detected. Some CVID PBL stimulated with IL-2, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, expressed the Pax5 gene. Defect of Pax5 gene expression in CVID may be caused by regulatory T cell disorder.
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PMID:Expression of Pax5 gene in human haematopoietic cells and tissues: comparison with immunodeficient donors. 948 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CD8+/CD57+ lymphocytes in the immune dysregulation of multiple myeloma (MM). Cytofluorimetry of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) purified from 39 MM patients showed an inverse relationship between the percentage of CD8+/CD57+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. Analysis of their activation antigens revealed that they were prevalently HLA-DR+ and Fas+. Removal of CD8+/CD57+ cells from MM PBL significantly improved cell proliferation and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced polyclonal Ig production in vitro, whereas the addition of supernatants from patients' CD8+/CD57+ cell cultures to normal PBL suppressed both the PWM-driven Ig synthesis and the proliferative rate of stimulated PBL, supporting the contention that CD8+/CD57+ cells release in vitro an inhibitory factor that is directly involved in T-cell regulatory function. However, since the proliferative recovery of PWM- and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated MM PBL in the absence of CD8+/CD57+ lymphocytes was only partial, a dysregulated activation-induced apoptosis was anticipated. In fact, patients' PBL displayed an increased susceptibility to apoptosis and this was significantly enhanced after PWM and, even more, after PHA stimulation. Analysis of CD57 antigen expression on apoptotic or viable cells demonstrated a substantial defect of apoptosis in the CD8+/CD57+ population. Our results indicate that both the immunosuppressive effect of CD8+/CD57+ cells and the enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis of PBL could be involved in the pathogenesis of the immunodeficiency observed in this disease.
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PMID:CD8+/CD57 cells and apoptosis suppress T-cell functions in multiple myeloma. 950 28

Catheter-related infections (CRI) are an important problem in medicine because of major consequences for treatment, prolongation of hospitalization and increasing therapy costs. Malignancies, immunodeficiency, severe burns and malnutrition compromise host defense. Studies to quantify the increased risk of CRI in immunocompromised patients are required. We analyzed the influence of immunoglobulin deficiency and high-dose glucocorticoid treatment in patients with multiple myeloma with regard to catheter colonization and CRI. In patients with multiple myeloma, central venous catheters (CVC) were significantly more frequently colonized (> 15 CFU) as compared to patients with other malignancies undergoing chemotherapy. We found a tendency towards a higher CRI rate in the myeloma patient group. Interestingly, despite of the significantly higher incidence of catheter colonization and a tendency towards higher CRI rates in severely immunocompromised patients, the incidence of signs of local (redness of the entry site) and systemic (fever) host reactions is reduced in myeloma patients. To decrease the CRI rate in myeloma patients during chemotherapy which includes high-dose glucocorticoids, we use antibacterial (silver-coated) catheters.
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PMID:Increased risk of catheter colonization and catheter-related infections in severe immunocompromized patients with multiple myeloma undergoing high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. 953 71

It is well known that cases with multiple myeloma reveal various clinical manifestations such as pancytopenia, hyperproteinemia, renal dysfunction, bone lesions, hypercalcemia and immunodeficiency. Recently, a few more clinical features associated with myeloma, such as salivary type hyperamylasemia and elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, have been reported. The elevation of CRP is thought to be related to interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by myeloma cells, because of identification of IL-6 as an autocrine and/or paracrine growth factor for myeloma cells. More recently, there have been several reports of cases with myeloma associated with hyperammonemia. This hyperammonemia is not considered to be due to liver dysfunction, because in most of these cases tests revealed normal hepatic function, and some cases showed different patterns of serum amino acid distribution than that associated with hepatic failure. However, there have been no apparent observations of ammonia production by myeloma cells. In this study, we used six human myeloma cell lines including KMS-18, which was recently established from a myeloma case associated with hyperammonemia. These lines were treated with MRA (mycoplasma removal agent) to observe ammonia production in vitro. They produced and released significantly higher levels of ammonia into culture medium than non-myeloma hematological cell lines or the HepG2 human hepatic carcinoma cell line. Although attempts to analyze the relative expression levels of the enzymes related to ammonia biosynthesis using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay failed to detect any differences between these myeloma lines and other cell lines, in vitro excess ammonia production by the myeloma cells was confirmed and the relevance to clinical manifestations is discussed.
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PMID:In vitro excess ammonia production in human myeloma cell lines. 966 3

Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were among the earliest recognized manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Excluding these two tumors, the overall risk of all other cancers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is similar to that of the general population. However, varying levels of evidence link several additional neoplasms to HIV infection. The evidence is strongest for an association with Hodgkin's disease, with lower relative and absolute risks than for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia also appears to be HIV associated, but increases of invasive disease are still uncertain for both cervical and anal cancers. Various studies have suggested associations with testicular seminoma, multiple myeloma, oral cancer, and melanoma, but the data are inconsistent. Leiomyosarcoma and benign leiomyomas have increased in incidence in HIV-infected children but are unusual in HIV-infected adults. Conjunctival carcinoma is seen in HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa but it is uncommon in Western countries. Most other cancers do not seem to have increased incidences in HIV infection. The etiologic mechanisms of HIV-related cancer likely differ among these diverse cancers and do not globally increase cancer risk.
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PMID:Association of non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining cancers with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 970 98

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is suspected to play a role in the aetiology of multiple myeloma. Because of similarities in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (WM), we investigated DNA samples from 20 bone marrow biopsies with WM for the detection of KSHV by PCR (KS330/ORF26). We performed two rounds of amplification and found that only 1/20 of the DNA samples obtained from biopsies had a detectable KSHV sequence. The positive patient was also infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Our data provide evidence that KSHV cannot be implicated in the pathogenesis of WM.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in bone marrow biopsies of patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. 972 9

Rapid growth of a glioblastoma during therapy for multiple myeloma is reported. A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a right costal tumor, which was resected. The diagnosis was plasmocytoma. Urine protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal peak in the region of gamma-globulin, and examination of the bone marrow revealed 17.8% of atypical plasma cells. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging detected two small lesions, but these could not be identified as brain tumor. He received chemotherapy (melphalan 10 mg/day and predonin 30 mg/day for 4 days) and was discharged. Two weeks after discharge, he was readmitted because of left hemiparesis. T1-weighted MR imaging showed two large hypointense lesions in the right frontal lobe, with ring-like enhancement following Gd-DTPA infusion. 1H-MR spectroscopy showed typical findings of tumor with increased choline and lactic acid peaks. 201Tl SPECT revealed high accumulation in both early and delayed images. Right carotid angiography showed a hypervascular tumor with venous filling and mass effect. The lesions were resected via right frontal craniotomy, followed by intraoperative radiation and placement of an Ommaya reservoir. Histological examination showed the tumors were glioblastoma. The brain between the tumors also showed the typical appearance of glioblastoma, suggesting that the lesions were continuous. Postoperatively, the patient's left hemiparesis disappeared. He received local irradiation and chemotherapy and was then discharged. Coexistence of glioblastoma and multiple myeloma is rare. The cause may be genetic abnormality, but immunodeficiency due to multiple myeloma, surgical damage, or chemotherapy may have contributed to the rapid growth of the glioblastoma.
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PMID:[Rapid growth of glioblastoma during therapy for multiple myeloma: case report]. 974 4

A non-radioactive reverse transcriptase (RT) assay, reported as useful for lentivirus RTs, was optimized for the measurement of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMuLV) RT. The optimized assay could detect 0.3 microU of MMuLV RT. The specificities of the MMuLV and lenti RT assays were demonstrated using the RTs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, simian immunodeficiency virus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), visna virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, MMuLV and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). An RT activity blocking antibody (RTb-ab) assay was standardized for Mn2+ dependent MuLV-related RTs. The assay was used to demonstrate the distinct antigenic properties of RTs from mammalian MuLV-related retroviruses and lentiviruses. Cross-reactivity between MMuLV RTb-ab and FeLV RT but not between MMuLV RTb-ab and e.g. FIV RT was demonstrated. An RT activity found in the murine myeloma cell line SP2/0 was found to have similar assay preferences as MMuLV RT, and the MMuLV-RT hyperimmune sera reacted strongly against this RT, indicating the RT to be of MuLV-related etiology. The use of the RT and RTb-ab assays for detection and characterization of RTs of known or unknown identity is discussed.
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PMID:A colorimetric reverse transcriptase assay optimized for Moloney murine leukemia virus, and its use for characterization of reverse transcriptases of unknown identity. 982 May 70


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