Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-nine murine monoclonal antibodies have been produced that react with shared idiotypes expressed by B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. We tested this panel of antibodies for reactivity with the paraproteins from 32 patients with multiple myeloma and 10 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Thirteen of 42 paraproteins reacted with at least one antibody in this panel of anti-idiotypic antibodies. Six different anti-idiotypes demonstrated reactivity with the paraproteins. A similar frequency of reactivity was found for both myeloma and MGUS proteins. One antibody, S30-47, reacted with 6 of 32 (19%) of the paraproteins from patients with multiple myeloma, whereas this anti-idiotype only bound to 3% of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas and no cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This anti-idiotype reacted with both components of a biphenotypic paraprotein (IgG kappa and IgG lambda) in one patient. In each of nine patients tested, plasma cells isolated from bone marrow were shown to be reactive with the same anti-idiotype we found to react with the paraprotein. Antishared idiotype antibodies may provide useful reagents for studies of patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
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PMID:Expression of shared idiotypes by paraproteins from patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. 169 94

The production and detailed immunostaining properties of a new rat monoclonal antibody (ICR.2) to epithelial membrane antigen are reported. The antibody was selected for its ability to compete with the polyclonal antiserum (M7), used in the original immunohistological studies, in order that it might serve as a direct replacement in diagnosing epithelial tumours. Most of the staining reactions on normal tissues were identical to those previously reported with M7 but there were some important differences. They included: positivity of renal and adrenal capsular fibroblasts, perineurium, some myoepithelial and smooth muscle cells, occasional osteoblasts and squamous and thyroid follicular epithelium in the normal state. The intercellular canaliculi of sweat glands and secretory canaliculi of gastric oxyntic cells were clearly demonstrated. These staining reactions could be obtained with M7 when a sensitive detection system was used although the results were usually weak and inconsistent. Nearly all adenosquamous and transitional carcinomas were positive. The remaining tumours fell into three major groups: (1) those which were consistently or nearly consistently negative--melanoma, seminoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, granulocytic sarcoma, paraganglioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease and embryonal carcinoma: (2) those which were either negative or positive with distinctive patterns of staining--basal cell carcinoma, embryonal tumours: and (3) non-epithelial tumours that were consistently positive--epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma and myeloma--or positive in a significant minority of cases--leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, clear cell sarcoma of tendon sheath, various neuroectodermal tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detailed investigation of the diagnostic value in tumour histopathology of ICR.2, a new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen. 169 88

The monoclonal antibody, 4F2, which reacts with an antigen expressed by activated and proliferating cells, was applied to frozen sections of nine reactive lymphoid lesions, 146 B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), and six plasmacytic neoplasms. In reactive cases, the 4F2 antigen was expressed by germinal center cells and interfollicular immunoblasts, the activated or proliferating lymphoid cells, and histiocytes. In the malignant cases, the 4F2 antigen was expressed by 94 (64%) B-cell NHL and all six plasma cell tumors. The incidence of positivity and intensity of expression loosely correlated with the three morphologic grades of NHL identified in the Working Formulation. Approximately one half of all low-grade lymphomas, two thirds of intermediate-grade lymphomas, and all high-grade lymphomas were 4F2 positive. Similarly, the mean intensity of 4F2 antigen expression increased with higher grade. However, for certain histologic subtypes, 4F2 antigen expression did not correlate with morphologic grade. For example, in the intermediate-grade category less than one half of diffuse small cleaved cell lymphomas were 4F2 positive, and expression was weak, similar to that of low-grade lymphomas. In contrast, all other histologic subtypes of lymphoma in the intermediate-grade category were strongly 4F2 positive. Expression of 4F2 antigen also correlated with plasmacytoid differentiation. Seventy-three percent of plasmacytoid small lymphocytic lymphomas (compared with 31% of cases of non-plasmacytoid small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and all plasma cell neoplasms expressed the 4F2 antigen, the latter cases strongly.
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PMID:Expression of the activation antigen, 4F2, by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell phenotype. 191 36

Fludarabine phosphate is the 2-fluoro, 5'-monophosphate derivative of vidarabine (ara-A) with the advantages of resistance to deamination by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and improved solubility. The mechanism of cytotoxic action of the compound appears to involve metabolic conversion to the active triphosphate. Fludarabine phosphate has substantial activity against lymphoid malignancies, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Its single-agent activity in CLL appears at least comparable to those of other conventional combination regimens. Its activity in Hodgkin's disease, mycosis fungoides, and macroglobulinemia, although suggestive, needs to be further defined and clinical trials are warranted in hairy cell leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, and previously untreated myeloma. The compound does not appear active against most common solid tumors. Early clinical trials indicated significant myelosuppression and the potential for severe neurotoxicity. Toxicity on the currently used low-dose schedules includes transient and reversible myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, somnolence/fatigue, and elevations of liver enzymes and/or serum creatinine. Possible pulmonary toxicity has been suggested in several patients. The currently used low-doses of fludarabine phosphate, even with repeated administration, are well tolerated and appear safe with a negligible risk for severe neurotoxicity. Based on its single-agent activity and tolerability, the Food and Drug Administration recently granted group C designation of the drug for the treatment of patients with refractory CLL outside the clinical trials setting. The use of fludarabine phosphate in combination regimens and its impact on the natural history of the lymphoid malignancies is yet to be determined. Fludarabine phosphate may well occupy a pivotal role in the management of CLL and low-grade NHL.
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PMID:Fludarabine phosphate: a synthetic purine antimetabolite with significant activity against lymphoid malignancies. 170 43

High percentage of neoplastic cells in S, G2 and M phases of cell cycle is unfavourable prognostic sign in human haematological malignancies. In chronic leukaemias (CML and CLL) it is true for peripheral blood leukaemic cells, in non-Hodgkin lymphomas--for lymph node cells, in multiple myeloma--for bone marrow plasma cells. In acute leukaemia results are controversial: some authors found a correlation between proliferation parameters of bone marrow blast cells while others did not. These parameters correlate positively with the rate of complete remission and negatively with its duration. It is concluded that proliferation parameters of neoplastic cells may be used for individual prognosis in patients with haematological tumours especially in combination with other biological and clinical prognostic markers.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of neoplastic cell proliferation parameters in human haematological malignancies. 170 8

Interferons are currently the most widely used biological response modifiers. They are of high clinical value in haematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukaemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), in solid tumours (malignant melanoma, hypernephroma, pancreas neoplasms, carcinoid tumours, Kaposi's sarcoma, glioma, in ovarium, cervix and bladder carcinoma, and in basalioma) and in infectious diseases (chronic hepatitis B, chronic non-A/non-B hepatitis, chronic delta hepatitis, AIDS, Papova virus and Rhinovirus infections, leishmaniasis, leprosy) and some other conditions. Although the mechanism of action of interferons has not been explained in every detail these agents are promising therapeutic means in a number of diseases.
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PMID:Role of interferon in clinical practice. 172 32

Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) primed the ability of human neutrophils to generate increased levels of reactive oxidants in response to fMet-Leu-Phe, and also resulted in an increased rate of protein biosynthesis which was similar to that induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, rG-CSF reduced the chemotactic activity of neutrophils in response to endotoxin and did not result in an enhanced rate of killing of Staphylococcus aureus. rG-CSF was administered to patients after high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of either Hodgkin's disease or multiple myeloma. This cytokine decreased the period of neutropenia following such treatment. Neutrophil function in two patients, measured seven days after the final administration of rG-CSF, was severely impaired as indicated by a greatly decreased ability to generate reactive oxidants. However, seven days later (i.e. 14 days post-therapy), the functional activity of the neutrophils from these patients had returned to normal. These data indicate that assays of neutrophil function together with morphological assessment of neutrophil numbers and maturity should be performed in order to evaluate the immune status of patients undergoing such therapy.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo following chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. 172 83

Lymph node cells from a patient with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were cultured without Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or leukine adjuvant. A cell line (719-AB) emerged from the culture after four weeks. The cell line express CD20 (79%), CD 21 (30%), CD30 (63%), CD 35 (61%) antigens and weakly CD25 (19%). using Southern Blot technique, the existence of specific EBV DNA and polyclonal immunoglobulin genes rearrangement were observed in the cell line. In order to obtain a monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), mice Balb/C were immunized with this cell line. The splenic cells suspension of immunized animals were fused with the mouse myeloma NS1. Antibody IgM kappa from secreting clones 2B44 was studied using both indirect immunofluorescence with labeled anti-mouse immunoglobulin and immunohistochemistry based on alkaline phosphatase/antiphosphatase complex (APAAP) and ModAMeX technique on a panel of normal or pathological cells. Normal peripheral lymphocytes, monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, and erythrocytes, did not react. The MoAb 2B44 recognized the dendritic reticulum cells and the smooth muscle cells of vessels on frozen section and paraffin section from HD or reactive lymph nodes. On specially processed paraffin sections (ModAMeX) Reed-Sternberg cells (RSC) were reactive with 2B44 MoAb (in 2 cases out of 5 tested). The molecular weight of the antigen recognized by 2B44 MoAb is of 37 kd. The description of a new epitope shared by different histological components might be of interest for defining a new cluster and better understanding the nature of RSC.
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PMID:Production of a monoclonal antibody (2B44) reactive on a shared epitope on dendritic reticulum cells, smooth muscle cells of vessels and Reed-Sternberg cells. 172 34

The levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) were determined in the serum of 53 patients with B-cell lymphoproliferative malignancies, including 31 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), 16 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 6 with multiple myeloma. In addition, serum samples from 40 patients with various solid tumors as well as from 53 healthy individuals were used as controls. It was found that the mean serum levels of sIL-2R were significantly increased (P less than 0.001) in NHL (mean +/- standard error of the mean 2,327 +/- 320 units/ml) and CLL patients (2517 +/- 451 units/ml) as compared to normal controls (207 +/- 17 units/ml). No such difference was observed when the serum sIL-2R levels of patients with multiple myeloma or solid tumors were analyzed. Serum sIL-2R levels were closely related to the clinical stage, the presence of B-symptoms, and the disease activity of patients with NHL and CLL. In fact, response to chemotherapy was followed by marked decrease or normalization of sIL-2R levels, while in a number of patients sIL-2R values were even able to predict disease relapse. Finally, no association with histologic grade in NHL patients, could be demonstrated. We conclude that serum sIL-2R (1) are increased only in B-NHL and B-CLL but not in myeloma patients, (2) are related to the tumor burden, and (3) can serve as a valuable tumor marker for the monitoring of patients treatment.
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PMID:Serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptors in B-cell lymphoproliferative malignancies. 172 8

Among 262 inpatients with hematologic diseases who were referred for chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy between January, 1985, and December, 1989, nine (3.4%) patients, including two with Hodgkin's disease (HD), three with acute myeloblastic leukemia, one with chronic myelogenous leukemia, two with multiple myeloma and one with aplastic anemia, were found to be hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers before their chemotherapy began. All six HBV carriers who received chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid showed mild-to-moderate elevations in serum transaminase levels after the chemotherapy. Five showed a rise in titer of the hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg. In contrast, three HBV carriers not receiving glucocorticoid showed no change in serum transaminase after chemotherapy. One HBV carrier with HD suffered from severe icteric hepatitis after the withdrawal of multiagent chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid. The HBV-DNA polymerase rose markedly and was accompanied by a marked rise in titer of HBsAg. The results warn us to keep in mind the possibility of glucocorticoid inducing an activation of HBV infection, which may result in severe hepatitis in some HBV carriers. Although further investigation is required, it is recommended that HBsAg-positive patients with hematologic malignancies should, if possible, be treated without glucocorticoid.
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PMID:Activation of hepatitis B virus infection by chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies. 175 16


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