Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and leukemia are often at risk for life-threatening complications. Complications include viral infections (eg, herpes zoster, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus) and hemolytic anemia, which are related to the hematologic origin of the malignancy. Life-threatening disorders related to amount of tumor burden are leukostasis and hyperviscosity. Complications related to therapy include pulmonary capillary leak syndrome and tumor lysis syndrome. Good assessment skills assist in early identification of individuals at risk and initiation of preventive measures.
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PMID:Critical care issues in the patient with hematologic malignancy. 780 Sep 74

The case notes of patients with blood cultures positive for enterobacteriaceae were examined retrospectively over a 6-month period in Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. Speciation was possible for Salmonella typhi and shigellae only. Nontyphoidal salmonellae were serotyped. Salmonella or shigella bacteremia was identified in 51 patients. There were 14 isolates of S. typhi, 32 isolates of nontyphoidal salmonellae, and 5 isolates of shigellae species. The case notes of 38 patients could be identified for review, and of these HIV serology was available for 15 seropositive and 15 seronegative patients. The male to female ratio was approximately 3:1 for both groups and the mean age was 29.7 +or- 21. Nontyphoidal bacteremias as compared with typhoid fever were strongly associated with HIV seropositivity [p 0.01]. 3 out of 8 HIV-negative patients with nontyphoidal bacteremia had another underlying immunosuppressive disease [2 had myeloma and 1 patient had cirrhosis with complicating hepatoma]. 2 patients with nontyphoidal bacteremia whose HIV status was unknown also had another immunosuppressing disease [acute myeloid leukemia and idiopathic pancytopenia]. 13 out of 15 HIV-positive patients showed other signs of HIV infection [oral candida, herpes zoster, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy]. 3 out of 11 patients [27%] with typhoid died, while 11 out of 27 patients [40.7%] with nontyphi bacteremia died. Most strains of S. typhimurium were included in serogroup B, which accounted for 37% of nontyphoidal isolates. Earlier studies identified invasive salmonellosis in patients with other AIDS defining diseases. In Nairobi clinical features of HIV infection were found in 64% of bacteremic HIV-positive patients, but only 28% of patients fulfilled the CDC clinical case definition for AIDS. A more recent study from Nairobi demonstrated that S. typhimurium bacteremia is a common cause of intercurrent infection in HIV-positive tuberculous patients.
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PMID:Salmonella and shigella bacteraemia in Zimbabwe. 813 Nov 97

A clinical course of herpes zoster in hematological patients (chronic lympholeukosis, lymphogranulomatosis, acute leucosis, myeloma disease, chronic agranulocytosis) is presented. These patients exhibited a more severe course of herpes zoster that is caused by immunodeficiency state. It is judicious to treat the patients with reaferon.
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PMID:[Herpes zoster in hematology patients]. 819 11

A wide variety of oral lesions are recognized in the geriatric patient. The most common lesions include neoplasia, immunologic based mucosal disease, hematological disorders, oral manifestation of systemic disease, and conditions characterized by oral or facial pain. Diagnostic and treatment considerations for leukoplakia, carcinoma, metastatic disease, candidiasis, herpes zoster, plasmacytoma, myeloma, lymphoma, several of the more common vesiculoulcerative mucosal diseases and idiopathic burning mouth syndrome are presented.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of common oral lesions found in the elderly. 934 82

A 75-year-old woman was referred to us because of cough, high fever and skin erythema in April 1999. Malignant lymphoma (diffuse mixed cell type) was previously diagnosed in 1990 and she achieved complete remission after treatment with a series of CHOP regimen treatments. In 1998, multiple myeloma (IgG lambda type) was diagnosed and she was treated with a combination of melphalan and prednisolone. On physical examination, superficial lymphadenopathy and skin erythema were noted. Biclonal gammopathy (IgG kappa/lambda) was shown in serum, and Bence Jones protein in urine. Computed tomography showed pleural effusion and swelling of paraaortic lymph nodes. The bone marrow examination showed an increased number of abnormal plasma cells (19.2%) and no evidence of lymphoma. Left axillary lymph node biopsy revealed that she had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T cell lymphoma). She was treated with the CHOP regimen at reduced doses for both diseases. The lymphoadenopathy reduced after 6 courses of CHOP and 4 courses of CHOPE (CHOP + VP16), however, she had bone pain on November 1999 and received treatment with MCNU-VMP (MCNU + VDS + L-PAM + PSL). Her rib pain improved, but she died of systemic infection of herpes zoster virus. We report here a rare case of malignant lymphoma concomitant with multiple myeloma.
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PMID:[A case of malignant lymphoma concomitant with multiple myeloma]. 1160 18

Exposures to farm animals has been associated with certain rare cancers. Simultaneously, using the same methodology and control group, we conducted a six-province incident, population-based study of Hodgkin's disease (HD), multiple myeloma (MM), and soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Farm residence or work was reported by 38% (n = 119) of HD, 45% (n = 178) of MM, 43% (n = 156) of STS cases and 45% (n = 673) of controls. We conducted conditional logistic regression analyses and report odds ratios (OR(adj)) and 95% confidence intervals. After adjustment for covariates, exposure to farm animals had minimal effect on risk. The independent risk factors after adjustment for covariates were a family history of cancer (MM, STS), occupational uranium exposure (HD), professional driving (MM), and personal previous cancer (MM) or shingles (HD, MM).
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PMID:Exposure to animals and selected risk factors among Canadian farm residents with Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or soft tissue sarcoma. 1291 87

Autografting with CD34+ cell-selected peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) is often associated with a prolonged recovery time and a higher incidence of infections. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether underlying disease influences hemopoietic recovery and the infectious complications occurring after transplantation. We studied 19 breast cancer (BC) patients and 17 multiple myeloma (MM) patients entered in a high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) program of tandem autografting with CD34+ cell-selected PBPC. PBPC were collected after mobilizing chemotherapy plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and were processed for selection of CD34+ cells. After selection, a median of 53% CD34+ cells was recovered with a median final purity of 92% with no significant differences between the MM (52% and 92%, respectively) and BC (53% and 89%, respectively) patients. Medians of 4.5 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells (BC, 4.4 x 10(6)/kg; MM, 5.4 x 10(6)/kg) and 18 x 10(4)/kg colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (BC, 21 x 10(4)/kg: MM, 16 x 10(4)/kg) were reinfused after each HDC. Twenty-six patients (10 MM and 16 BC) underwent tandem autografting, and 10 patients received only 1 autograft because of inadequate collection (5 patients), clinical condition (3 patients), and refusal (2 patients). In the BC patients, the HDC regimen included a high-dose melphalan course followed by an ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide) course. In the MM patients, the regimen consisted of a course of high-dose melphalan therapy and a course of ICBV (idarubicin, cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan], BCNU, and etoposide) or total body irradiation, etoposide, and Cytoxan. We found a significantly prolonged time for neutrophil recovery to > 500/microL in the MM patients (13 days versus 10 days; P < .002), whereas the times for platelet recovery to > 20,000/microL in the two groups were not different (13 days versus 12 days; not significant). No late engraftment failures and no toxic deaths were observed. The incidences of extrahematologic toxicity were similar for the two patient groups. All patients received similar anti-infection prophylaxis for 3 months after transplantation. After 12 months of observation, we found a statistically significant higher incidence of bacterial infections in MM patients in both the early (77.8% versus 48.6%; P < .034) and the late (41.1% versus 0%; P < .014) posttransplantation periods, whereas the incidences of fungal infections were similar in the two groups. Viral infections consisted of herpes zoster virus infection in 2 patients of each group, and cytomegalovirus infection was observed in 3 MM patients and no BC patients. Our experience demonstrates a prolonged neutrophil recovery time and higher incidences of bacterial and viral infections in MM patients compared with BC patients. These observations, although limited by the small sample size, suggest that the underlying disease may influence the incidence of infections after CD34- cell-selected transplantation and should be considered in the planning of appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis in the autologous transplantation setting.
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PMID:Hemopoietic recovery and infectious complications in breast cancer and multiple myeloma after autologous CD34+ cell-selected peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. 1497 84

Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) immune globulin (VZIG) derived from pooled human serum is currently used in immunotherapy of VZV-associated complications of chickenpox and shingles. We developed a mouse-human chimeric antibody against a VZV glycoprotein E (gE) epitope as a safer replacement for VZIG. Variable (V) heavy- and V kappa light-chain exons, derived from an anti-VZV gE antibody secreting mouse hybridoma cell line, were cloned into expression vectors containing an immunoglobulin promoter and enhancer, and human IgG1 or kappa constant (C) region genes. The expression vectors were cotransfected into mouse myeloma cell line (NSO), generating transformants that secreted chimeric human-mouse IgGs. The chimeric and the parent mouse antibody were indistinguishable in their antigen binding specificity. VZV gE chimeric antibody may prove to be a prophylactic antibody that could provide significant advantages over VZIG in having defined specificity, lessened possibility of contamination with viral pathogens, and consistent availability.
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PMID:A chimeric antibody to varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein e. 1578 9

Inspite the new informations about the physiology and biochemistry of pain, it remains true that pain is only partially understood. Cancer pain is often experienced as several different types of pain, with combined somatic and neuropathic types the most frequently. If the acute cancer pain does not subside with initial therapy, patients experience pain of more constant nature, the characteristics of wich vary with the cause and the involved sites. Chronic pain related to cancer can be considered as tumor-induced pain, chemotherapy-induced pain, and radiation therapy-induced pain. Certain pain mechanisms are present in cancer patients. These include inflammation due to infection, such as local sepsis or the pain of herpes zoster, and pain due to the obstruction or occlusion of a hollow organ, such as that caused by large bowel in cancer of colon. Pain also is commonly due to destruction of tissue, such as is often seen with bony metastases. Bony metastases also produce pain because of periostal irritation, medullary pressure, and fractures. Pain may be produced by the growth of tumor in a closed area richly supplied with pain receptors (nociceptors). Examples are tumors growing within the capsule of an organ such as the pancreas. Chest pain occurring after tumor of the lung or the mediastinum due to invasion of the pleura. Certain tumors produce characteristic types of pain. For example, back pain is seen with multiple myeloma, and severe shoulder pain and arm pain is seen with Pancoast tumors.
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PMID:Cancer pain (classification and pain syndromes). 1601 3

Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has been used for patients with refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma, lymphoma and leukemia. We used bortezomib in ten refractory or relapsed patients (seven of multiple myeloma, two of lymphoma and one of acute myeloblastic leukemia). Six out of ten (60%) patients developed varicella herpes zoster after the complete of one cycle of bortezomib. The incidence of varicella herpes zoster was higher than reported in the literature. It may be due to immunosuppression caused by the combination of high-dose dexamethasone or other drugs. We considered that prophylactic antiviral medication could be used in predisposed patients to reduce the incidence of varicella herpes zoster.
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PMID:The high incidence of varicella herpes zoster with the use of bortezomib in 10 patients. 1713 26


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