Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 13 healthy hepatitis B vaccines were transformed with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) producing antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs antibodies). Seven LCL and two clones secreting human anti-HBs monoclonal antibody were generated and their antibodies purified. One clone was fused with a mouse myeloma and the antibody from a cloned anti-HBs secreting heterohybridoma purified. One of the 10 purified human anti-HBs antibodies was characterized as IgG4, the remainder were IgG1. The antibodies had either kappa or lambda light chains. Five of the antibodies which were conjugated to horseradish peroxidase recognised the "a" group determinants.
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PMID:Development and characterization of human anti-HBs antibodies. 137 11

To study the mechanisms of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced chronic hepatitis (B-CH), we took chronic hepatitis B patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and examined their cytotoxic activities against human myeloma cells (ARH77) transfected by HBV-DNA. Two different transfected cells, one expressing HBV envelope antigens (S6) and the other expressing HBV core antigens (C4), were prepared and used as targets in the in vitro cytotoxic test. We found that PBL of B-CH patients had specific cytotoxic activity against these target cells (S6, 22.0 +/- 4.8%; C4, 21.6 +/- 4.8%), whereas no remarkable cytotoxic activity was observed in non-B chronic hepatitis patients as well as asymptomatic chronic HBV carriers. These specific cytotoxic activities were inhibited with anti-CD3 antibody, hence these killer cells belonged to T cells (cytotoxic T cells; CTL). The requirement of HLA class 1 antigens to exert these CTL activities was demonstrated by the absence of CTL activity with PBL obtained from HLA-nonidentical B-CH patients and by the inhibition of their activities with anti-HLA class 1 antibody. Thus, our results indicate that, at least two different CTL, one recognizing envelop antigen and the other recognizing core antigen, exist in chronic hepatitis B patients.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus-DNA transfected myeloma cell-specific cytotoxic T cells in chronic hepatitis B patients. 141 9

Among 262 inpatients with hematologic diseases who were referred for chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy between January, 1985, and December, 1989, nine (3.4%) patients, including two with Hodgkin's disease (HD), three with acute myeloblastic leukemia, one with chronic myelogenous leukemia, two with multiple myeloma and one with aplastic anemia, were found to be hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers before their chemotherapy began. All six HBV carriers who received chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid showed mild-to-moderate elevations in serum transaminase levels after the chemotherapy. Five showed a rise in titer of the hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg. In contrast, three HBV carriers not receiving glucocorticoid showed no change in serum transaminase after chemotherapy. One HBV carrier with HD suffered from severe icteric hepatitis after the withdrawal of multiagent chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid. The HBV-DNA polymerase rose markedly and was accompanied by a marked rise in titer of HBsAg. The results warn us to keep in mind the possibility of glucocorticoid inducing an activation of HBV infection, which may result in severe hepatitis in some HBV carriers. Although further investigation is required, it is recommended that HBsAg-positive patients with hematologic malignancies should, if possible, be treated without glucocorticoid.
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PMID:Activation of hepatitis B virus infection by chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies. 175 16

One hundred and four patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders and 5,690 control subjects were screened for the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their sera. Lymphoproliferative disorders included in the study were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Screening was done by the Reverse Passive Haemagglutination method using the Welcome kit. The percentage antigenaemia in the patients and control subjects were 35.6 and 7.7% respectively (p less than 0.0001). Using the Odds ratio the relative risk was found to be 6.75. The Odds ratio for individual disorders ranged from 2.8 to 9.17. The results suggest an association between Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and malignant lymphoproliferative disorders and highlights the risk involved in handling specimens from the patients.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. 181 50

Interferons (IFN) are potent antiviral, cytostatic-cytotoxic and immunomodulatory agents. Although gene technology has made available an unlimited supply of all different kinds and types of IFN, their basic modes of action have not been clarified up to now. The therapeutic effects proven differ gradually between the individual disease entities. They comprise prophylaxis, prevention of recurrences and direct therapeutic effect, either of reducing the actual disease symptoms, or of inducing a complete recovery. For the following viral diseases a positive therapeutic effect has been shown: infections by herpes-viruses (herpes simplex keratitis , herpes zoster, herpes simplex), cytomegalovirus infections, chronic-hepatitis B virus infection, acute respiratory virus infections by rhino-, corona- and influenza viruses. Especially for the group of virus-associated tumors and papillomas, IFN is considered to be therapeutically effective. IFN has been accepted to be the first line treatment for laryngeal papillomatosis. In condylomata acuminata too, IFN is a potent therapeutic agent. Moreover, IFN represents the most effective therapeutic modality for Kaposi's sarcoma in patient with AIDS. Hairy cell leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma and hypernephroma are the malignancies, for which a therapeutic effect of IFN could be proven. Furthermore, IFN is considered to be the therapy of first choice for hairy cell leukemias. Although there are some signs, that IFN could be a potent agent for adjuvant therapy, this question can not be answered - not even on principle - because of lacking sufficient data so far. Up to date, the therapeutic efficacy of IFN seems to be established only for hairy cell leukemia, laryngeal papillomatosis, Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS and partly for condylomata acuminata. For all other indications, first of all, sufficient phase-II-study data will have to be evaluated, before prospectively controlled studies, comparing the IFN treatment results with placebo and standard therapy results, can be initiated for the individual disease entities. Then, it will be possible to assess the therapeutic efficacy of IFN. Already now, IFN represent a valuable enrichment of the therapeutic modalities for malignancies and viral diseases.
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PMID:[Current status of interferon therapy]. 242 97

A hybrid cell line producing monoclonal antibodies recognizing an epitope encoded by the pre-(S)2 region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome was obtained by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with lymphocytes from mice immunized with HBV. The monoclonal antibody Mo-F124 secreted from the hybrid line reacted with the pre-S(2) epitope expressed on the surface of both viral and recombinant HBsAg particles--pre-S(2) and S gene product--localised on 34 kD glycoprotein of the viral envelope. The pre-S(2) epitope was sensitive to digestion with V8 protease from Staphylococcus aureus. The enzyme abolished reactivity with Mo-F124 and polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) binding activity of recombinant particles. Mo-F124 antibody was used to develop highly sensitive radioimmunoassays for determination of pre-S(2) epitope and anti-pre-S(2) antibody in sera of hepatitis B patients. Detection of a pre-S(2) epitope by the monoclonal antibody-based assay in the early phase of acute HBV infection correlated well with the presence of markers of active viral replication (HBeAg, HBV DNA). The appearance of anti-pre-S(2) antibody, usually in the third month after onset of symptoms, was followed by elimination of circulating HBsAg and seroconversion to anti-HBs in all tested cases of uncomplicated acute hepatitis followed by recovery. Anti-pre-S(2) response was not observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B or acute HBV infection progressing to chronic disease. The observed correlation of anti-pre-S(2) response with recovery suggests that the pre-S(2) epitope may represent one of the epitopes inducing antibodies that neutralize the hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody recognizing pre-S(2) epitope of hepatitis B virus: characterization of pre-S(2) epitope and anti-pre-S(2) antibody. 243 50

Increasingly it is being discovered that short segments of proteins can provoke an immune response. Sequential determinants are as important as conformational determinants. It is the thesis of this paper that a string of three amino acid residues (a tripeptide) is antigenic when it is located on a large carrier, that is, when it is part of a protein. Conceptually this has great explanatory power in understanding (a) autoimmune phenomena (b) the intriguing finding that monoclonal antibodies which are supposed to be exquisitely specific cross-react with disparate, non-homologous proteins. Clinical syndromes such as the neuropathies of myeloma, hepatitis and multiple sclerosis are discussed in the light of this concept by computer analysis of the putative antigenic sites of myelin basic protein, hepatitis B and A proteins and measles peptides.
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PMID:Autoimmune disease--pathogenesis through molecular mimicry at the tripeptide level. 243 63

The production of monoclonal antibodies against the HBsAg is reported. Balb/c mice immunized against a commercial vaccine were used. Upon fusion of spleen cells from an animal having a high titer with the SP2/0 myeloma cell line, we obtained 6 stable cell lines, all of the IgG1 subclass. They showed a wide range of specificities against the classical HBsAg subtypes. These monoclonal antibodies can be used as the basis for the development of new methods for the screening and study of the hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Production of anti-HBsAg monoclonal antibodies. 246 3

The hematotoxicity of benzene exposure has been well known for a century. Benzene causes leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, etc. The clinical and hematologic picture of aplastic anemia resulting from benzene exposure is not different from classical aplastic anemia; in some cases, mild bilirubinemia, changes in osmotic fragility, increase in lactic dehydrogenase and fecal urobilinogen, and occasionally some neurological abnormalities are found. Electromicroscopic findings in some cases of aplastic anemia with benzene exposure were similar to those observed by light microscopy. Benzene hepatitis-aplastic anemia syndrome was observed in a technician with benzene exposure. Ten months after occurrence of hepatitis B, a severe aplastic anemia developed. The first epidemiologic study proving the leukemogenicity of benzene was performed between 1967 and 1973 to 1974 among shoe workers in Istanbul. The incidence of leukemia was 13.59 per 100,000, which is a significant increase over that of leukemia in the general population. Following the prohibition and discontinuation of the use of benzene in Istanbul, there was a striking decrease in the number of leukemic shoe workers in Istanbul. In 23.7% of our series, consisting of 59 leukemic patients with benzene exposure, there was a preceding pancytopenic period. Furthermore, a familial connection was found in 10.2% of them. The 89.8% of our series showed the findings of acute leukemia. The possible factors that may determine the types of leukemia in benzene toxicity are discussed. The possible role of benzene exposure is presented in the development of malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and lung cancer.
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PMID:Hematotoxicity and carcinogenicity of benzene. 267 98

Mice were immunized against duck hepatitis B virus core (DHBc) particles isolated from the liver of asymptomatic carrier ducks of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) by ultracentrifugation. Their spleen cells were fused with mouse myeloma (NS-1) cells, and 12 clones of hybridoma cells secreting antibodies against DHBc (anti-DHBc) were isolated. According to the reactivity to core particles and core peptide obtained from DHBc particles treated with SDS-2ME, the 12 antibodies were classified into two groups. Two monoclonal antibodies reacted against both core particles and core peptide (B-type), the other ten monoclonal antibodies reacted against core particles but did not react against core peptide obtained from DHBc particles treated with SDS-2 ME. (A-type). Solid phase enzyme immuno assay (EIA) using these two types of antibodies could detect core antigenisity not only in the liver homogenate but also in the DHBV infected serum. Sucrose gradient analysis and gel filtration analysis revealed this DHBc antigenisity in the serum is not carried by core particles but carried by core peptide, equivalent to HBe antigen in the serum of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier. This EIA may provide sensitive test monitoring both serum DHBe antigen levels and DHBc antigen levels in the liver during DHBV infection.
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PMID:[Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against duck hepatitis B core antigen and analysis of the monoclonal antibodies]. 269 Apr 59


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