Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

NALM-6-M1 is an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line previously shown in our laboratory to express the pre-B lymphocyte phenotype, i.e., cytoplasmic IgM+, surface immunoglobulin-. Hybridomas were produced against this cell line by fusing spleen cells from hyperimmunized mice with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. One monoclonal antibody derived from this fusion, designated BA-1, reacted with peripheral blood B lymphocytes, chronic lymphocytic leukemias, pre-B-ALL, most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and most non-T, non-B-ALL. BA-1 showed weak reactivity with B lymphoblastoid cell lines and failed to react with multiple myeloma and pokeweed mitogen-induced plasma cells. BA-1 also reacted with peripheral blood granulocytes and the erythroleukemia cell line K-562. No reactivity was seen with cells of T lymphocyte origin, platelets, red cells, monocytes, or acute myelocytic leukemias. Evidence is presented indicating that the determinant recognized by BA-1 is not surface immunoglobulin, HLA-DR, or receptors for C3 or Fc. We conclude that monoclonal antibody BA-1 may be useful in the study of early stages of human B lymphocyte development.
 ...
PMID:A monoclonal antibody (BA-1) reactive with cells of human B lymphocyte lineage. 696 48

CD5 antigen is present on all normal alpha beta T cells and some B cells. Human NK cells do not usually express CD5 antigen, but we found a novel subset of CD5LOW (low density of CD5) positive (CD5LOW+) natural killer cells (NK cells) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and plasmacytoma. To detect CD5LOW+NK cells, we examined the lymphocytes of 23 patients with MM and plasmacytoma by flow cytometry. Five out of 23 patients had CD5LOW+NK populations. These patients had many more NK cells than the other patients in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The CD5LOW+NK cells had CD2, low density of CD8, CD16 and CD56, but no CD3, CD19, or CD20. Most of the CD5LOW+NK cells had HLA-DR, unlike the CD5-NK cells. Sorted CD5LOW+CD16+ populations were large granular lymphocytes (LGL). The CD5LOW+NK cells had some lytic activity on K562 cells in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay. Our results indicate that there is a novel subset of NK cells in some patients with MM and plasmacytoma and that CD5LOW+NK cells may be associated with NK cell activation.
 ...
PMID:The increase of CD5LOW+NK cells in patients with multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. 751 40

A new human monoclonal plasma cell line, designated UTMC-2, was established from the pleural effusion of a patient with immunoglobulin (Ig)A kappa-related multiple myeloma. The cultured cells were Epstein-Barr virus-negative and exhibited the morphological and ultrastructural features characteristic of plasma cells. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of cytoplasmic IgA kappa as well as the plasma cell-associated surface antigens CD38 and CD56. Other B-cell markers, including CD10, CD19, CD20, and HLA-DR, were absent. The UTMC-2 cells were interleukin (IL)-6 responsive: Co-culture with IL-6 increased IgA kappa synthesis and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, an IL-6 antisense oligonucleotide had an opposite effect. Although the UTMC-2 cells expressed IL-6 mRNA (as demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)) and contained IL-6, the concentration of this cytokine in cell culture supernatants was less than that detectable by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employed (i.e. <3 pg/ml). Further, cell growth was not inhibited by polyclonal or monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibodies. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that IL-6 receptors present on the surface of the UTMC-2 cells were not saturated with endogenous IL-6. Taken together, these results indicate that, in this human plasma cell line, IL-6 functions uniquely in an intracellular autocrine fashion to enhance Ig synthesis and cell growth. In this respect, the UTMC-2 cells represent a novel resource for further study of the role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of a novel interleukin-6 autocrine-dependent human plasma cell line. 752 62

Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) can be mobilized using cytotoxic chemotherapy and cytokines. There is a substantial variability in the yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells between patients. We were looking for predictive parameters indicating a patient's response to a given mobilization regimen. Multiparameter flow-cytometry analysis and clonogenic assays were used to examine the hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) before filgrastim (R-metHuG-CSF; Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA)-supported chemotherapy and in PB and leukapheresis products (LPs) in the recovery phase. Fifteen patients (four with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], two with low-grade NHL, two with Hodgkin's disease, two with multiple myeloma, three with breast cancer, one with ovarian cancer, and one with germ cell tumor) were included in this study. The comparison of immunofluorescence plots showed a homogenous population of strongly CD34+ cells in steady-state and mobilized PB whereas in steady-state BM, the CD34+ cells ranged from strongly positive with continuous transition to the CD34- population. Consistent with the similarity in CD34 antigen expression, a correlation analysis showed steady-state PB CD34+ cells (r = .81, P < .001) and colony-forming cells (CFCs; r = .69, P < .01) to be a measure of a patient's mobilizable CD34+ cell pool. Individual estimates of progenitor cell yields could be calculated. With a probability of 95%, eg, 0.4 steady-state PB CD34+ cells x 10(6)/L allowed to collect in six LPs 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg, the reported threshold-dose of progenitor cells required for rapid and sustained engraftment after high-dose therapy. For the total steady-state BM CD34+ cell population, a weak correlation (r = .57, P < .05) with the mobilized CD34+ cells only became apparent when an outlier was removed from the analysis. Neither the CD34+ immunologic subgroups defined by the coexpression of the myeloid lineage-associated antigens CD33 or CD45-RA or the phenotypically primitive CD34+/HLA-DR- subset nor the BM CFC count had a predictive value for the mobilization outcome. This may be caused by the additional presence of maturing progenitor cells in BM, which express lower levels of the CD34 antigen and do not circulate. Our results permit us to recognize patients who are at risk to collect low numbers of progenitor cells and those who are likely to achieve sufficient or high progenitor cell yields even before mobilization chemotherapy is administered.
 ...
PMID:Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) counts during steady-state hematopoiesis allow to estimate the yield of mobilized PBPC after filgrastim (R-metHuG-CSF)-supported cytotoxic chemotherapy. 860 80

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antigenic profile of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), and multiple myeloma (MM). The mobilization regimens consisted of high-dose cytarabine/mitoxantrone for patients with NHL, DexaBEAM for patients with HD, and high-dose cyclophosphamide (4 or 7 g per m2) for patients with MM. Cytotoxic therapy was supported by recombinant human G-CSF (Filgrastim, 300 micrograms/day sc) to shorten the period of neutropenia and to increase the number of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells. The mean numbers of circulating CD34+ cells/microliters during leukocyte recovery were different between patient groups, 80.5 +/- 9.8 (mean +/- SEM) in low-grade NHL and 51.2 +/- 9.7 in high-grade NHL compared with 31.3 +/- 6.9 in HD and 24.4 +/- 4.1 in patients with MM. As a result, the greatest numbers of CD34+ cells/kg collected per leukapheresis were observed in patients with NHL, whereas the collection efficiency was substantially lower in patients with HD or MM. Patients with MM had also the smallest proportion of CD34+ cells in the mononuclear cell fraction (mean 0.79 +/- 0.10% versus 2.15 +/- 0.19% in low-grade NHL) but the greatest proportion of early CD34+ HLA-DR- progenitor cells (mean 2.38 +/- 0.51 versus 0.84 +/- 14% in low-grade NHL). Patients with MM had a mean proportion of CD34/c-kit+ cells that was twofold greater than that observed in patients with high- or low-grade NHL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Characterization of peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized by cytotoxic chemotherapy and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 753 8

In 1994, an estimated 12,700 new cases of multiple myeloma (MM) will be diagnosed in the USA and 9,800 patients will die from this disease. At present, a cure for MM has not been achieved with any chemotherapeutic regimen. Therefore, it is important to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat this fatal disease. This review focuses on new concepts in the immunotherapy of MM. Thus far, interferons and anti-human interleukin (IL)-6 monoclonal anti-bodies (MAbs) have been used to treat patients with this disease. Bone marrow transplantation using autologous marrow purged with MAbs and complement, with anti-myeloma immunotoxins (ITs), or MAb-magnetic bead conjugates has been reported. Adoptive cellular therapy, in vivo with anti-CD3 and IL-2, as well as transplantation of purified autologous CD34+ peripheral blood stem cells, is now being evaluated in clinical trials. Anti-human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and anti-CD54 (ICAM-1) MAbs have shown promising results in the therapy of human myeloma cell lines in SCID mice, while an IL-6 antagonist protein, anti-gp130 MAbs, recombinant soluble gp130, anti-B7, anti-HLA-DR, and recombinant soluble CD16 also inhibit the growth of myeloma cell lines in vitro. These experimental therapeutic modalities hold promise for use in humans and may also provide further insights into the pathogenesis of MM.
 ...
PMID:Immunotherapy of multiple myeloma. 754 Apr 68

A 67-year-old woman was treated with MP-P therapy and combination chemotherapy for multiple myeloma IgG-lambda type. After the therapy for about three years, pancytopenia developed. Bone marrow aspiration study revealed a few of myeloma cell and many atypical cells showing promyelocytic feature. Chromosomal abnormality was 46, X, -X, +8, -13, +mar. CD33 and CD56 were positive, but CD16 and HLA-DR were negative. We diagnosed as multiple myeloma complicated with secondary myeloid/natural killer (NK) cell acute leukemia. After she had been treated with low dose etoposide for leukemia, she obtained complete remission. But since myeloma progressed and the amount of M protein was increased, she was treated with dexamethasone and low dose etoposide, resulting in a decrease in the amount of M protein. After that, because of leukemic cell re-proliferation, she was treated with etoposide. However, she died of sepsis due to severe myelosuppression. This case was interesting one in coexist of multiple myeloma and secondary myeloid/NK cell acute leukemia, and those affecting her clinical course each other.
 ...
PMID:[Secondary myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia appeared in multiple myeloma treated with melphalan]. 756 97

After treatment with human normal IgM, 78 +/- 8% of purified CD3-CD56+ resting human NK cells and 93 +/- 6% of IL-2-activated NK cells selected by adherence to plastic reacted with FITC-goat anti-human IgM. Binding of IgM to the FcR for IgM (Fc mu R) on human NK cells was not species specific because mouse myeloma IgM also bound to these cells. The percentage of CD56+ cells binding IgM after incubation with anti-CD16 mAb was similar to that of cells incubated with medium alone (95 +/- 1% vs 93 +/- 4%). Binding of anti-CD16 mAb to Fc gamma RIII on NK cells was unaffected by pretreatment with IgM (65 +/- 12% vs 69 +/- 4%). The CD7 molecule has been reported to be the Fc mu R on the surface of T cells. Two-color flow cytometry showed that 94 +/- 3% of CD3-CD56+ resting NK cells and 71 +/- 16% of activated NK cells were CD7+. Preincubation of NK cells with three anti-CD7 mAb (Leu-9, 8H8-1, and LAU-A1) failed to block the binding of IgM to the Fc mu R. Modulation of the CD7 molecule off the cell surface (CD7+ = 1.5% +/- 0.3) did not reduce IgM binding, thus excluding the possibility that IgM anti-CD7 might bind to different epitopes of the same molecule. These data indicate that the Fc mu R is a specific Ig-binding structure, distinct from the Fc gamma RIII (CD16) or CD7. The Fc mu R on NK cells functions as a signal-transducing molecule because the addition of 0.2 mg/ml IgM to R-NK cells caused a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i (delta = 40 nM). One of the early events that followed signaling through the Fc mu R was the down-modulation of IFN-gamma gene expression and IFN gamma production in NK cells. The presence of IgM during culture of NK cells consistently decreased the expression of HLA-DR (16% vs 40% in control). Thus, the Fc mu R, a constitutively-expressed receptor on human NK cells, seems to be an important functional molecule, which delivers negative regulatory signals to NK cells.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of the Fc mu receptor on human natural killer cells. Interaction with its physiologic ligand, human normal IgM, specificity of binding, and functional effects. 769 Jul 92

A rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the epipharynx is reported. A 76-year-old woman presented with a one-year history of postnasal drip. Physical examination revealed a mass lesion in her epipharynx without cervical lymph node swelling. Biopsy of the mass showed diffuse proliferation of plasma cells at the light and electron microscopic levels. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated monoclonal exhibition of IgA and kappa-light chain in the tumor cells. Furthermore, in flow cytometric analysis, the tumor cells were found to be CD10- CD19- CD20- CD22- HLA-DR- CD38++ sIg- EMA+, a typical phenotype of plasmacytoma. Additionally, rearranged bands were identified in Southern blot analysis of the tumor extract using probes for immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa-light chain. Serum myeloma-protein and urine Bence-Jones protein were negative. Bone marrow examination, X-ray examination, CT scanning and 67Ga- and 99mTc-scintigrams showed no other systemic lesions. She received irradiation of 58 Gy to the epipharyngeal area over 7 weeks, followed by transnasal endoscopic resection using KTP/532 laser. The patient is free of disease six months after surgery, and is currently under close follow-up.
 ...
PMID:[A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the epipharynx--pathological diagnosis using multiple supplementary methods]. 773 6

We describe a 77-year-old man with multiple myeloma (MM) who developed Burkitt type leukaemia (BTL) 16 months after the initial diagnosis of MM. MM was positive for CD10 with immunoglobulin (Ig) kappa, kappa Bence Jones protein (BJP) and a normal karyotype. BTL was positive for CD10, CD19, CD20 and HLA-DR with Ig mu and lambda, lambda BJP and a clonal abnormal karyotype of 46,XY,-13, t(8;14)(q24;q32),11q+,14q+, +mar. The patient died 9 d after diagnosis of BTL despite treatment with multiple agents. This is, to our knowledge, the first such case to be reported.
 ...
PMID:Burkitt type leukaemia associated with multiple myeloma. 799 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>