Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESI), conducted in 1971-1975, included a cohort of 6913 adults for whom history of smoking, allergies, and other factors was obtained. These persons were traced (with 93% success) approximately 10 years later by the NHANESI Epidemiologic Followup Survey, and incidence of malignancy in the interim period was determined. Primary allergy variables were physician-diagnosed asthma, hay fever, hives, food allergy, or other allergies. Excluded were persons with a prior history of cancer and cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer. After adjustment by logistic regression for age, sex, race, and smoking history, allergic history was found to increase the risk of subsequent malignancy (risk odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.77). The specific allergy type with the strongest cancer risk was hives. The cancer group with the strongest allergy association was lymphatic-hematopoietic (leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma). The risk odds ratio of developing leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma for persons with hives history was 7.89 (95% CI = 3.13-19.89). These findings suggest that a history of allergy does not protect against subsequent cancer, and may be a risk factor. The possibility is raised that a history of hives may be a particular risk factor for lymphatic-hematopoietic malignancies.
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PMID:Allergy and risk of cancer. A prospective study using NHANESI followup data. 338 43

Modification of a 'sandwich' ELISA assay developed for the determination of serum IgE levels proved to be unsatisfactory for the measurement of IgG4. This was attributed to the limited capacity of the microtitre plate solid phase which required high serum dilutions in order to measure IgG4 levels. To overcome this problem a competitive inhibition assay was developed with monoclonal anti-IgG4 attached to the plate. In this system biotinylated IgG4 myeloma and sample IgG4 compete for the limited antibody binding sites present on the solid phase. The attached biotinylated myeloma is detected by addition of avidin conjugated with peroxidase and following development with substrate, IgG4 levels are calculated by reference to a calibrated inhibition curve. The inhibition ELISA assay has been used clinically to measure IgG4 levels in atopic and normal individuals and the values obtained correlated closely (r = 0.99) with the IgG4 levels determined by radial immunodiffusion. For 43 atopic dermatitis patients investigated the median IgG4 level was 1.1 g/l which was significantly elevated when compared to a median of 0.385 g/l for 60 blood donors (P less than 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U). Among the 47 hay fever patients investigated the median was 0.6 g/l which, although lower than in atopic dermatitis, was again significantly increased (P less than 0.025). Within this latter group, 25 patients were investigated for the effects of desensitization with commercial grass pollen injections. The total IgG4 showed a variable but significant rise between the start and finish of treatment (P less than 0.01 Wilcoxon signed ranks test).
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PMID:Investigation of IgG4 levels in atopic patients using a competitive inhibition assay employing biotinylated IgG4 myeloma and avidin peroxidase. 351 22

A previous case-control study which utilised the occupational information available on the New Zealand Cancer Registry found an increased risk of multiple myeloma in agricultural workers consistent with previous findings in the United States. The findings are now presented for the second phase of the study which involved interviewing 76 cases of multiple myeloma (who had been included in the previous study) together with 315 controls with other types of cancer. The previous finding on an excess of farmers in the case group was confirmed by the interview data (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence limits 1.0-2.9, P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between cases and controls regarding potential exposure to phenoxy herbicides or chlorophenols. There were also no significant differences regarding activities involving potential exposure to other agricultural chemicals, although the odds ratio for fencing work, which may involve exposure to arsenic and sodium pentachlorophenate, was 1.6 (95% confidence limits 0.9-2.7, P = 0.11). The odds ratios were significantly elevated for sheep farming (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence limits 1.0-3.6, P = 0.04) and exposure to beef cattle (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence limits 1.0-2.9, P = 0.05). The odds ratio was also elevated for persons reporting a history of hay fever (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence limits 1.0-3.5, P = 0.05). Overall, these findings suggest that the search for the causes of elevated mortality in farmers from multiple myeloma should be directed to potential causes other than pesticide exposure.
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PMID:Case-control study of multiple myeloma and farming. 375 85

Human sera have been examined for antibodies with specific reactivity for gammaE using the tanned cell hemagglutination test. Cells tanned with three different gammaE myeloma proteins provided a reproducible test system. Inhibition of agglutination reactions by gammaE proteins, but not by gammaG, gammaA, gammaM, or gammaD confirmed the specificity of these reactions. 8.5% of 304 serial serum samples obtained from miscellaneous hospitalized patients showed clear-cut anti-gamma-globulins with specificity for gammaE. In most of these instances no definite clinical history of concomitant allergic disorders could be obtained. 53% of 73 patients with well-established allergic disorders (hay fever, extrinsic asthma) showed serum anti-gamma-globulins with reactivity for gammaE. Some patients studied before and after desensitization to Bermuda grass allergen showed an increase in titer or a conversion from negative to positive reactions for anti-gammaE antibodies following several month courses of progressive desensitization. Gradient and gel filtration studies indicated that anti-gammaE globulins were 19S gammaM in all instances. No clear correlation was noted between quantitative serum gammaE levels and titer of anti-gammaE antibodies.19S serum fractions with anti-gammaE antibody activity did not release histamine from normal human peripheral blood leukocytes, whereas specific rabbit anti-gammaE antisera consistently induced leukocytic histamine release. Moreover, macroglobulin fractions with anti-gammaE activity did not block allergen-specific leukocyte histamine release induced by in vitro leukocyte challenge with allergens such as Bermuda grass and leukocytes from allergic donors. In some instances 19S human serum fractions with anti-gammaE activity appeared to potentiate histamine release when incubated concomitantly with specific allergen and leukocytes from allergic individuals.
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PMID:Naturally occurring human antiglobulins with specificity for E. 411 67

In a woman suffering from IgE myeloma, hay fever and polyvalent respiratory and skin allergy the IgE monoclonal protein VL was isolated and investigated with respect to structural and functional properties. The amino acid sequence of 22 isolated peptides--especially of the biologically significant C2-C3 part--corresponded with that originally described by Bennich et al. (Immunol Rev 1978;41:3-23; Prog Immunol 1974;13:49-58). However, in mass spectrometry the sugar residues on ASN 99 (219) and 252 (371) were deficient in sialic acids. The native IgE VL protein precipitated with high intensity all mannose-specific lectins as concanavalin A (Con A) and was able to release histamine after triggering by these lectins. The same lectins also elicited more histamine release and more positive skin reactions in atopic than in healthy persons. In sera from atopic patients the binding of IgE on Con A Sepharose 4B column was stronger than in normal persons. It is suggested that changes in the IgE glycosylation state may contribute to IgE-mediated pictures of clinical allergy by the nonimmunological pathway.
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PMID:Structure and function of IgE myeloma protein VL from an atopic patient. 864 91

Platelets of atopic individuals differ in alpha-granular contents and in the amount of biologically active mediators released compared with platelets of nonatopic subjects. Because platelets carry the low-affinity IgE receptor (CD23), they may contribute to long-lasting IgE sensitivity by serving as a storage pool for IgE. We compared 45 atopic individuals with immediate-type allergies and 25 nonatopic control subjects with respect to storage and release of IgE by their platelets. Platelets of atopic individuals were characterized by a 10-fold higher median IgE content compared with those of nonatopic control subjects. The platelet IgE content correlated with the serum IgE level in the four atopic individuals with seasonal allergies who were followed up monthly over 1 year. Platelet stimulation with platelet activating factor, but not with thrombin or adenosine diphosphate, resulted in a release of 65% of the stored IgE. Conversely, platelet stimulation with monoclonal IgE/kappa resulted in the release of the chemokine RANTES. Platelet alpha-granules were identified as the main storage compartment for IgE by postembedding immunocytochemistry. Although more than half of the alpha-granules showed gold labeling for IgE, additional labeling was found on the external face of the plasma membrane and within the open canalicular system, indicating endocytosis and exocytosis of IgE. Moreover, the detection of CD23 not only on the plasma membrane but also on membranes of the alpha-granules further supports the existence of an exchange of IgE between the blood plasma and an internal storage compartment. Endocytosis could be confirmed by the uptake of an IgE myeloma protein coupled to colloidal gold. We conclude that platelets of atopic individuals may contribute to allergic inflammation by serving as a storage pool for IgE and by their increased capacity to liberate further mediators of allergy in response to IgE stimulation.
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PMID:Endocytosis, storage, and release of IgE by human platelets: differences in patients with type I allergy and nonatopic subjects. 927 46