Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been demonstrated in the preceding report (Bach, M. A., Beckmann, E. and Levitt, D., Eur. J. Immunol. 1984. 14: 589) that phosphorylcholine (PC) on the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a stimulated polyclonal as well as anti-PC plaque-forming cells (PFC) in mouse spleen in vivo. In this study, red blood cells from BALB/c mice (MRBC) were either conjugated with PC, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) or treated with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to expose PC on the cell membrane (determined by hemagglutination with the anti-PC myeloma HOPC8). When BALB/c mice were immunized i.v. with the conjugated or enzyme-treated MRBC, a significant polyclonal antibody response occurred (p less than 0.05) using PC-MRBC or PLA2-treated MRBC, but not with TNP-MRBC or sham-treated MRBC. No anti-PC or anti-MRBC immunoglobulin-secreting cells developed after immunization. Repeated immunization with PC-MRBC resulted in similar levels of protein A PFC after each immunization but no anti-PC, anti-MRBC or anti-PC-MRBC PFC. Thus, PC on R36a or isologous RBC stimulated increased numbers of splenic plaque-forming cells. In the case of R36a, 10-25% of these PFC produced antibodies directed towards PC. In contrast, PC-MRBC or PLA2-treated MRBC, failed to evoke any anti-PC antibody responses.
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PMID:Phosphorylcholine on isologous red blood cells induces polyclonal but not anti-phosphorylcholine plaque-forming cells in mice. 637 44

The reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to enumerate circulating and bone marrow (BM) immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), as well as in normal controls. Significantly greater quantities of plaque forming cells (PFC) secreting the same isotype of the serum M component were detected in the peripheral blood of MM patients than in the blood of MGUS patients or normal subjects. Comparative analysis of the numbers of monoclonal PFC in both peripheral blood (PB) and BM at diagnosis usually showed a higher number as well as more precocious chemotherapy-induced variations of ISC in the BM compartment than in the PB. Although large individual variations were observed during follow-up studies of MM patients, persistently increased or decreased levels of monoclonal PFC were often found to accompany (and sometimes to precede by months) the phases of relapse or remission, respectively. Similarly to IgG-MGUS patients, a distorted ratio of IgG kappa to IgG lambda secreting cells was consistently detected in patients with smouldering MM, although the total number (IgG kappa plus IgG lambda) of ISC appeared within normal limits. It is suggested that, in addition to other clinical and laboratory criteria, the RHPA may be of value in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin secretion by peripheral blood and bone marrow B cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Studies by the reverse haemolytic plaque assay. 638 Aug 41

A monoclonal antibody, AE3.d3, derived from the fusion of rat splenocytes immunized against mouse brain with the myeloma SP2, has been produced, which has the property of inducing the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes. The mitogenic effect is highest in spleen and lymph node cells, where up to a 10-fold stimulation of 3H-TdR incorporation is observed. B lymphocytes are the most susceptible to this proliferative stimulus, and they are induced to differentiate into plaque-forming cells. T lymphocytes and "null" cells (defined by the absence of Thy-1 or Ig on their surface) do proliferate, although to a smaller extent. The T cell subpopulation, isolated from either spleen or thymus, requires additional "helper factors" in order to proliferate. The mitogenic response is not genetically restricted by H-2 type, and strains such as C3H/HeJ and CBA/N, in which B cell function is defective, as well as T cell-deficient strains such as BALB/c nude mice, are capable of responding to the stimulus of AE3.d3. Using immunofluorescence, we also examined the distribution of AE3.d3-positive cells in various lymphoid organs. The highest percentage of stained cells is found in the spleen (approximately 28%) and lymph node (18%), whereas only 14% of the bone marrow and 5% of the cells of the thymus are brightly stained with AE3.d3.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody (AE3.d3) with mitogenic properties for murine B cells. 638 64

Murine alpha/beta interferon (IFN) inhibited the growth of myeloma cells in vitro. Independently of the cell growth inhibition, IFN also reduced the number of antibody secreting myeloma cells as measured by haemolytic plaque assay. The sensitivity of both MOPC 315 plasmacytoma cells and 4F4 hybridoma cells varied, though not to the same extent, depending on the dose of IFN used and the duration of exposure. Inhibition of PFC activity was observed after one day of IFN treatment while inhibition of cell growth was not detected until Day 2 of incubation. A dose of 20 u/ml IFN had no effect on the growth rate of MOPC 315 cells but with 100 u/ml the inhibition of growth was virtually complete. In contrast, an inhibition of PFC activity was observed at all the concentrations tested. The cell growth and PFC activity of 4F4 hybridoma cells, on the other hand, were both inhibited by IFN when used at concentrations as low as 1.25 u/ml. Incubation with higher concentrations of IFN resulted in a progressive reduction in cell growth and PFC activity of 4F4 cells, however to a lesser degree of inhibition compared to that observed with MOPC 315 cells. For example, although virtually 70% of MOPC 315 PFC could be inhibited by culture for two days in the presence of 100 u/ml, it was necessary to use 1,250 u/ml IFN for 4 days incubation before the similar level of PFC inhibition was achieved with 4F4 cells. IFN treatment resulted in an increase in both cellular volume and protein content and this effect was prevented when IFN was previously neutralised by a specific antiserum. IFN-treated cells also showed an inhibition in the incorporation of 3[H]-thymidine but no alteration in the rate of utilization of 35[S]-methionine, when compared with an equal number of control cells.
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PMID:Inhibition of cell division and antibody secretion by murine alpha/beta interferon: effects on plasmacytoma and hybridoma lymphoid cells. 671 13

Immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals and in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, or plasmacytomas of patients with multiple myeloma were enumerated by a protein-A plaque-forming cell assay after treatment with anti-Ia antibody and complement. Rabbit anti-human B-cell antisera and monoclonal anti-Ia antibody (OKIal) were used. By this treatment, the number of ISC in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals decreased to half, and that of M-protein-secreting cells from some patients with multiple myeloma also decreased markedly. In one patient, the number of M-protein-secreting cells in the bone marrow were markedly reduced by this treatment, but this was not the case after 6 months of chemotherapy, suggesting that the chemotherapy reduced chiefly the Ia-positive myeloma cells rather than Ia-negative myeloma cells.
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PMID:The effect of anti-Ia antibody on immunoglobulin-secreting cells from healthy individuals and myeloma patients. 675 Jul 70

Anti-inulin [beta-(2 --> 1) polyfructosan Brucella abortus (InuBA)] and anti-grass levan [beta-(2 --> 6) polyfructosan] antibody responses in BALB/c and C57BL mice and in their F(1) and backcross progeny, as well as in immunoglobulin congenic and Bailey recombinant inbred strains derived from BALB/c and C57BL mice, were examined. The anti-inulin antibodies could accommodate both beta-(2 --> 1)- and beta-(2 --> 6)-linked polyfructosans, and 97% of the anti-inulin plaque-forming cells (PFC) from BALB/c mice expressed the cross-reactive idiotypes (InuIdX) shared by the BALB/c inulin- and levan-binding myeloma proteins. Of the C57BL mice, only 25% produced high anti-inulin response, and none exhibited the InuIdX of BALB/c anti-inulin antibodies. The percentages of InuIdX(+) anti-inulin PFC were also examined in other strains with high anti-inulin response. In C58 and AL mice, 80% of anti-inulin PFC were InuIdX(+), whereas in A/He and RIII mice, only 40% were InuIdX(+). All strains examined developed high anti-grass levan response, and the antibodies were specific for beta-(2 --> 6) structures and did not exhibit InuIdX. Comparison of the magnitude of the anti-inulin antibody titers in response to InuBA in BALB/c, C57BL, and their F(1) and backcross progeny, as well as in immunoglobulin congenic (i.e., B.C-8, BAB-14, and C.B-20) and recombinant inbred strains derived from BALB/c and C57BL mice, showed that all mice having the IgCH(a)(BALB/c) allotype gave high anti-inulin response. In addition to the InuIdX structural genes, the effects of allotype-linked or unlinked "regulatory" genes were also indicated by the lower anti-inulin response in B.C-8 and BAB-14 mice compared with BALB/c mice and the higher anti-inulin response in C.B-20 mice compared with C57BL mice. A multigene interaction in controlling the production of the anti-inulin antibodies was implicated.
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PMID:Anti-inulin [beta-(2 leads to 1)-linked polyfructose] and anti-grass levan [beta-(2 leads to 6)-linked polyfructose] antibody response in mice. 676 6

A new method to quantitate circulating cells secreting immunoglobulin (Ig) of each type of the different classes by hemolytic plaque technique is reported. The ratio of kappa (k)-secreting cells and lambda(lambda)-secreting cells of the different lg classes in normal individuals is almost equal to that of kappa:lambda light chains in corresponding serum lg class, whereas the ratio in plasma cell myeloma patients is extraordinarily high or low, indicative of the type and class specificity of this assay system as well as the monoclonal nature of circulating Ig-secreting cells in such patients.
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PMID:A plaque assay to enumerate circulating Ig-secreting cells of each type of the different Ig classes. 677 61

Meningeal involvement in multiple myeloma is a rare occurrence. We report a case of IgG myeloma with neoplastic cell infiltration into the cerebrospinal fluid as determined by a protein A plaque-forming cell assay. Electrophoresis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed a monoclonal band in the same position as the monoclonal band in the serum. Meningeal involvement may probably be more common at the terminal stage in multiple myeloma than has been previously considered.
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PMID:Meningeal involvement in multiple myeloma. 679 98

Immunoglobulin-secreting cells were enumerated in the peripheral blood of 31 patients with multiple myeloma, nine patients with so-called benign monoclonal gammopathy, and ten patients with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia or idiopathic hypogammaglobulinaemia. Immunoglobulin-secreting cells were detected by a haemolytic plaque assay using protein-A-coated erythrocytes in the presence of class- or type-specific rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin antisera. In about two-thirds of patients with multiple myeloma, cells secreting the same light-chain isotype of their serum M-protein increased in number, whereas this was not the case in the patients with so-called benign monoclonal gammopathy. Follow-up studies of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in multiple myeloma revealed that these cells increased or decreased, correlating with the severity of the disease, and alterations were more rapid than other clinical features. This plaque assay is therefore useful in evaluating the response to chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Clinical significance of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the peripheral blood in patients with multiple myeloma. 679 51

Circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells of each type of the different Ig classes were enumerated using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay in nine subjects with the pre-clinical phase of IgG myeloma (six with benign monoclonal gammopathy and three with smouldering multiple myeloma). A shift in the ratio of IgG kappa to IgG lambda secreting cells without a significant increase in the total number of IgG secreting cells, that is the number of IgG kappa plus IgG lambda secreting cells, was a constant feature noted in every subject.
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PMID:Differentiation of benign monoclonal gammopathy and smouldering multiple myeloma from frank myeloma. 681 8


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