Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with multiple myeloma had pancytopenia after treatment with melphalan and prednisone and died of an interstitial pneumonia. Post-mortem examinations showed cytomegalic cells in the lungs. Lung tissue showed a high titer of cytomegalovirus. Only when other causes have been ruled out by microbiologic, serologic, and histologic examinations should melphalan be believed to cause respiratory illness.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus pneumonia after treatment with melphalan and prednisone. Report of a case. 20 5

In an individual sensitized to an antigen, Withdrawal of the corresponding antibody and of the accompanying antigen-antibody complexes stimulates antibody production: the end result is thus not unlike the effect of a booster dose of that antigen. Conversely, a sufficient concentration of antigen-antibody complexes will eventually shut off the antibody production to that antigen. The body is able to regulate through this mechanism the amplitude of the immune response, using the feed-back interaction of antigen-antibody complexes with the immune system. Without such a control system any antigenic stimulation would result in an uncontrolled out-pouring of antibodies, as is observed in myeloma. The regulation of cell mediated immunity is also indirectly affected by the concentration of circulating antigen-antibody complexes. Other mechanisms of immunoregulation are also at work, using the mediation of so-called suppressor cells, identified as sub-populations of T and B cells acting both specifically and non-specifically on immune effectors cells. It is likely that a major factor contributing to the pathogenesis of some persistent chronic infections such as syphilis, brucellosis, chronic viral hepatitis, leprosy, vaccinia, congenital cytomegalovirus infection persisting in childhood, and so on, and in conditions such as cancer, is an inadequate initial production of antibodies, further aggravated by the ensuing immunosuppression brought about by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes have indeed been identified as playing a prominent role in some of these diseases. It is also suggested that the magnitude of the initial antigenic dose may influence the ensuing immune response: while a large antigen dose could induce a "classic" and efficient immune response, a low antigen dose, such as an incipient neoplasm, could result in a minimal antibody response, further suppressed by the appearance of antigen-antibody complexes. Through this mechanism, a premature failure to eradicate the disease would follow. I suggest that a significant and sudden lowering of the concentration of relevant entibodies and antigen-antibody complexes through exchange plasmapheresis, would trigger a fully adequate and therapeutic immune response. This possibility is discussed.
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PMID:On the potential usefulness of exchange plasmapheresis in the immunotherapy of cancer and of some chronic persistent infections. 96 65

A heteromyeloma (mouse x human) cell line (SPAM-8) was produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0) with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cells were sensitive to aminopterin and resistant to ouabain. The cells showed a doubling time of about 19 hours and a cloning efficiency of 0.8 cells/well (to obtain growth in 50% of wells seeded) using mouse thymocytes as feeder cells. The number of chromosomes was about 86 and 1% of the total DNA was of human origin. Fusion of SPAM-8 cells with lymphocytes prepared from human spleens resulted in approximately one hybridoma per 10(5) seeded lymphocytes. A trioma (human x [mouse x human]) cell line was established by fusing cells of an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line with SPAM-8 cells. The trioma cells produced antibodies (IgG1, K) against cytomegalovirus, in a concentration of 7 micrograms/ml in spent medium, over a period of six months of continuous culture. The results obtained indicate that the heteromyeloma SPAM-8 may be used as a fusion partner in the production of human monoclonal antibodies.
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PMID:SPAM-8, a mouse-human heteromyeloma fusion partner in the production of human monoclonal antibodies. Establishment of a human monoclonal antibody against cytomegalovirus. 165 84

Epstein-Barr viral DNA (EBV DNA) has been detected in 20 to 58% of Hodgkin's disease tumors analyzed by Southern blotting or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Because patients with Hodgkin's disease are generally immunodepressed, it is possible that the EBV is not directly involved in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease but is merely detectable by molecular techniques because of reactivation of a latent infection. The purpose of this study was to determine if EBV DNA could be detected in an even higher percentage of cases of Hodgkin's disease, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Hodgkin's disease, by using newly designed, PCR amplification primers, and to compare the incidence of EBV DNA with the incidence of another common, latent virus (cytomegalovirus) in Hodgkin's disease tissue. The PCR was performed on DNA extracted from cells from 15 benign hyperplastic lymph nodes and from 15 cryopreserved cases of Hodgkin's disease, including 2 cases of AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease. For negative controls, PCR was also performed without template DNA and on genomic DNA from E. coli, calf thymus, a murine myeloma, and from a human cell line. After 32 cycles of amplification, a 225 base-pair amplification product comigrating with an EBV-positive control was detected in none of the negative controls but was present in 14 out of 15 cases (93%) of Hodgkin's disease, including both cases of AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease, and in 2 out of 15 cases of benign lymphoid hyperplasia. By contrast, cytomegalovirus DNA was undetectable by PCR in any of our specimens. We conclude that in our study set, the PCR procedure detected EBV-DNA but not cytomegalovirus DNA in a high percentage of cases of Hodgkin's disease, including two cases of AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that EBV may be involved in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease and AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Frequent detection of Epstein-Barr viral deoxyribonucleic acid and absence of cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid in Hodgkin's disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Hodgkin's disease. 166 51

A cohort of 115 asymptomatic gay men, all seropositive for HIV, was recruited in a health screening project in Stockholm, Sweden, between Nov. 1982 and Dec. 1983 and subsequently followed and clinically evaluated after a mean observation time of 63 months. AIDS in accordance with the surveillance definition (CDC group IV C-1 and D) developed in 34 (29.6%) of the men, while 1 (0.9%) additional man died of multiple myeloma classified as CDC group IV E. Constitutional symptoms (CDC group IV A) developed in 13 (11.3%) men, while symptoms from the central nervous system classified as CDC group IV B occurred in 1 (0.9%) additional man. Minor opportunistic infections included in the definition for CDC group IV C-2 developed in 12 (10.4%) men, while 48 (41.7%) men remained asymptomatic, with or without persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). One man who died of AIDS had been treated for malignant melanoma (MM) and one who did not fulfill the criteria for CDC group IV died of MM during the observation period. The 5-year actuarial progression rate to surveillance defined AIDS was 31.5% and to CDC group IV 53.6%. No statistically significant association was found between disease progression and a number of recorded epidemiological variables, most previous and present sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (except gonorrhoea) and the presence of PGL at entry. On the other hand, reduced delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, in particular to tuberculin, as well as the presence of a high IgG titer against cytomegalovirus (CMV), were correlated to disease progression.
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PMID:A prospective study of 115 initially asymptomatic HIV infected gay men in Stockholm, Sweden. 195 28

Histopathological findings in the lungs in a series of autopsies on 87 patients suffering from various types of leukaemia or lymphoma who had received no treatment, or various combinations of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation were reviewed. Thirteen untreated patients showed neoplastic infiltration (4), thromboembolism (4), infection (5) or amyloidosis (1). Seventy-two treated cases showed malignant infiltration (14), vascular damage (21), infections (32) and/or diffuse alveolar damage (47). One patient treated with local irradiation for myeloma had acute bronchopneumonia alone and another treated with [32P] for polycythaemia rubra vera had extensive thrombo-embolism of the large pulmonary vessels. Clinical and autopsy evidence of infection correlated very poorly. Non-infective pulmonary disease was a frequent finding. Bacterial, fungal or pneumocystis pneumonia particularly affected the chemotherapy and radiotherapy groups, while cytomegalovirus infection was seen only in the bone marrow transplant group. This study shows that diffuse alveolar damage is a common and important problem in patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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PMID:Pathology of the lung in leukaemia and lymphoma: a study of 87 autopsies. 204 72

A 66 year old patient with multiple myeloma and monoclonal cryoglobulinaemia who developed a severe haemolytic anaemia following a cytomegalovirus infection is reported. The presence of a high titre of anti-'i' cold antibody of IgM subclass is demonstrated. Anti-'i' antibody disappeared when complement-fixation antibody titres against cytomegalovirus decreased. Various pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of haemolytic anaemia associated with cytomegalovirus infection are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first case described in the English language publications associating severe haemolytic anaemia with an anti-'i' antibody after a cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompromised patient.
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PMID:Severe haemolytic anaemia due to cold anti-'i' antibodies associated with cytomegalovirus infection. 216 63

Human anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) monoclonal antibody designated C23 was purified from the culture fluid of hybridoma cells which were generated by cell fusion of human lymphocytes and mouse myeloma cells. The purified C23 was found to be identical to human gammaglobulin (HGG) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both reducing and non-reducing conditions and in gel filtration chromatography. C23 was not contaminated with either aggregated IgG molecules or mouse immunoglobulin chains. In addition, the formulated C23 preparation showed an anti-complement activity low enough to permit its use as a biologic. A virus neutralization titer of C23 was about 1,000 times higher than the titers of HGG preparations. All the tested CMV strains were susceptible to neutralization by C23 and this neutralization was not affected by addition of either beta 2 microglobulin or fresh human serum. These results suggest that human monoclonal antibody C23 is as safe as conventional HGG preparations which have been used in humans, and much more effective in providing host protection against CMV infection.
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PMID:Characterization of human anti-cytomegalovirus monoclonal antibody as biologics. 216 40

Immunoglobulin G class human monoclonal antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were produced by the fusion of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells and a murine myeloma cell line. The B cells were derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy adult volunteers. Four hybridomas producing HCMV-specific monoclonal antibodies were established and each of four antibodies immunoprecipitated an HCMV-specific protein with a molecular weight of 68 kDa. However, the antibodies differed in some of their properties as characterized by indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoblotting studies, due to the detection of different epitopes on the reacting antigen. None of the four antibodies had any virus neutralizing activity.
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PMID:Human monoclonal antibodies to human cytomegalovirus derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy adults. 217 39

A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is reported in a 40-year-old man 6 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma. The features of TTP included microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, severe thrombocytopenia, fluctuating neurological abnormalities, and progressive renal impairment. Despite treatment with anti-platelet agents, prostacyclin infusion, intensive immunosuppression and prolonged plasma exchange, the patient developed end-stage renal failure and is now on maintenance haemodialysis 18 months after the onset of TTP. Graft-versus-host disease and cytomegalovirus infection could not be implicated as aetiological factors, and cyclosporin medication had ceased 1 week before the clinical onset of his disease. The unusually intensive pre-transplant chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocol used in this patient appear to be most likely cause of the generalized endothelial damage resulting in TTP in this patient.
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PMID:A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 229 91


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