Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Potentiation of the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by interferon on human tumor cells was examined. The human neoplastic cell lines used were HeLa (uterine cervical cancer), MCF-7 (mammary cancer), WI-38 CT-1 (embryonic lung fibroblasts transformed in culture by Co-60 gamma-ray irradiation), KMM-1 (myeloma), and Raji (Burkitt's lymphoma). As a normal human cell strain, WI-38 (embryonic lung fibroblasts) was used. The cytotoxic effects were determined by colony formation. Each cell line was different in sensitivity to interferon or 5-FU. Interferon potentiated synergistically the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU on HeLa, WI-38 CT-1, and KMM-1 cells. In the case of Raji cells, the cytotoxic effects of the combination of interferon and 5-FU were additive. Neither synergistic nor additive lethal effects of the combination of the two agents were observed in MCF-7 and WI-38 cells. The present results indicate a possibility that a combined treatment with interferon and 5-FU may be effective in certain types of human cancers.
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PMID:[Combined effects of 5-fluorouracil and interferon on proliferation of human neoplastic cells in culture]. 619 94

A phase II trial was conducted to determine the clinical activity of amsacrine (m-AMSA) in patients with heavily pretreated solid tumors, myeloma, and lymphoma at the University of Arizona Cancer Center. Additionally, m-AMSA was evaluated at other Southwest Oncology Group institutions in breast cancer, myeloma, melanoma, and oat cell cancer of the lung. At a dose of 120 mg/m2 given iv every 28 days, 12 partial responses were observed in 221 patients evaluable for response. Some antitumor activity was observed in breast cancer (four responses of 65 patients), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (three of nine), Hodgkin's disease (two of five), and sarcoma (two of 15). A partial response was also documented in one of two patients with cervical cancer. Among the 135 patients treated at the University of Arizona who were extensively evaluated for toxic effects, only myelosuppression and anemia were seen in a significant number of patients. At this dose and schedule, 29% of patients developed leukopenia of less than 3000 cells/mm3, 16% developed a thrombocytopenia of less than 100,000 cells/mm3, and 29% had an acute fall in hemoglobin of greater than or equal to 2 g/100 ml. In addition, two patients suffered grand mal seizures which were not clearly drug-related. These results suggest that further study of m-AMSA in lymphoma, sarcoma, and cervical cancer is warranted.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of amsacrine (m-AMSA) in solid tumors, myeloma, and lymphoma: a University of Arizona and Southwest Oncology Group Study. 668 99

Cancer survival in Sweden in 1961-1991 is presented as a comprehensive report from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The report shows both successes and failures, confirms some earlier published results and presents some new findings worth further analysis. Survival has increased for female breast cancer, malignant melanoma, cancers of the testis and thyroid gland, acute leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease. No improvements are found for multiple myeloma or cancers of the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Small increases are shown for colorectal cancer and cancers of the stomach, oesophagus, and kidney. Increases in postoperative survival are shown for sites dominated by histologically benign tumors, i.e., intracranial neurinoma, meningioma, and cancers of the endocrine glands such as parathyroid tumors. From 1970-1972 to 1980-1982 the 10-year relative survival rate (RSR) increased from 30% to 38% for males and from 44% to 51% for females. Hence, cancer survival for all cases combined has approached the survival of the general population somewhat. Most of the increases took place in the 1970's. Changes in the distribution of incidence towards cancer sites with better prognoses account for some 10-20% of the observed increases in RSR, whereas the aging of the cancer population reduces the upward trend in RSR for all cases combined by some 1-2%. Cancer patients have poorer survival than the population long after 5 years of follow-up. They reach the survival of the population after about 8-12 years for colorectal cancer, 10 years for cervical cancer, 7-10 years for malignant melanoma, 13-18 years for kidney cancer, and more than 19 years for female breast and prostate cancer. For patients diagnosed in 1970-1972 this occurred 16 years after diagnosis at 29% for males and 43% for females when all cancer cases were combined. The extended time until 'statistical cure' for most cancer forms clearly indicates the need to augment the commonly used 5-year RSR with other outcome measures. If cancers on average are discovered earlier today, the 5-year RSR gives an exaggerated impression of the improvement over time. In this case the change in the 10-year RSR is a less biased criterion.
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PMID:Cancer survival in Sweden during three decades, 1961-1991. 749 76

We prepared the murine myeloma cell line NS-1, which stably expressed the human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) env gene. The plasmid BCMGEnv was constructed from the episomal vector BCMGSNeo, which was primarily derived from bovine papilloma virus. Transfected env expression was detected by Northern blotting, as well as by flow cytometry using envelope protein-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Expression was detectable for at least seven months. The env transfectants induced syncytium formation which is characteristic of HTLV-I-infected cells, in the human uterine cervical cancer line, HeLa, and the rat cell line, XC. The requirement of envelope proteins for syncytium formation was confirmed by an inhibition assay with envelope protein-specific mAb. Therefore, env transfectants are not only stable, but also have its specific biological function. This system may be useful to analyze the initial steps of viral attachment to the cell surface and to search for the HTLV-I receptor.
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PMID:Preparation of a murine cell line which stably expresses human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) env genome products. 766 84

We have employed conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nonpalindromic adaptor PCR (NPA-PCR) for the amplification of the heavy- and light-chain transcripts of the cDNAs of two human monoclonal antibodies (MAb), designated AC6C3 (IgM, lambda) and CR4E8 (IgM, lambda), recognizing two different antigens expressed on the cell surface of human ovarian, cervix, breast, colon, melanoma and other carcinomas. With few exceptions these MAbs do not react with normal tissues. The AC6C3 MAb was developed by fusing regional lymph node lymphocytes from a patient with ovarian carcinoma with cells of the hybrid myeloma line SPAZ4, whereas the CR4E8 MAb was developed by fusing SPAZ4 cells with peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient with cervical cancer, who was immunized intralymphatically with a viral oncolysate allogeneic tumor vaccine. The AC6C3 MAb immunoprecipitated from lysates of the ovarian tumor cell line SKOV3 a 32 kD polypeptide. The CR4E8 MAb reacted in Western blotting of lysates of the SW756 cervical carcinoma line with a 55 kD band. Cell surface immunofluorescence determinations using the fluorescence activated cell sorter revealed that both MAbs stain ovarian or cervix carcinoma tumor cell lines. We amplified the heavy chain transcripts of these two MAbs by conventional PCR, using mixed 5' end amplification primers, corresponding to the most conserved VH leader sequences and a C mu probe as a 3' end amplification primer. However, the mixed primer approach did not permit the amplification of the lambda-chain transcripts of these two human MAbs. This amplification was successfully carried out using the NPA-PCR that we have previously developed, specifically for the amplification of transcripts with unknown or variable 5' end, such as the T-cell receptors and the immunoglobulins. We have cloned and sequenced the amplified cDNAs. Sequence analysis showed that the V lambda segment of the AC6C3 MAb had 80.29% homology to the human germline Ig lambda-chain V lambda III.1, clone DPL2. The V lambda region of the CR4E8 MAb had 99.28% homology also to the human germline Ig lambda-chain, V lambda III.1, clone DPL23. The AC6C3 MAb lambda-chain employed a J segment with 98% homology to J3. The CR4E8 MAb light chain employed the J(H6-3C4) gene segment. Both MAbs utilized identical VH and JH gene segments and different DH segments. The VH regions of the AC6C3 MAb and of the CR4E8 MAb had, respectively, 98.6% and 98.98% homology to the human Ig germline heavy chain V region DP-7, a member of the VH-1 gene family.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Amplification of immunoglobulin transcripts by the non-palindromic adaptor polymerase chain reaction (NPA-PCR). Nucleotide sequence analysis of two human monoclonal antibodies recognizing two cell surface antigens expressed in ovarian, cervix, breast, colon and other carcinomas. 775 78

The clinical course of a cancer is influenced by the interaction of tumour cells with the patient's immune system. It is thus conceivable that immunological parameters may be used as markers of prognostic or predictive value. We report here that increased serum levels of IL-6 is a signal of poor prognosis and predicts unresponsiveness to immunotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma. In cervical cancer, IL-6 produced by infiltrating macrophages is a marker of invasive cancer. In patients with multiple myeloma, the plasmatic levels of soluble Fc gamma receptors are markers of the disease, sCD16 being drastically decreased and sCD32 being slightly increased.
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PMID:Prognostic value of cytokine and soluble Fc gamma receptor assays in oncology. 779 44

There are an estimated three million hired migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States. Adults and children may be exposed to mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic pesticides during planting, weeding, thinning, and harvesting crops. Field conditions that provide little opportunity to wash skin or clothing to minimize pesticide absorption may intensify exposure. Little is known, however, about the occurrence of cancer in migrant or seasonal farmworkers. Most cancer epidemiologic research on agricultural populations has focussed on farm owner/operators. The few studies that have evaluated cancer in farmworkers suggest that, like farm owner/operators, they may be experiencing excesses of multiple myeloma and cancers of the stomach, prostate, and testis. A few studies suggest that the farmworkers may differ from farmers by experiencing excesses of cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, lung, and liver. Cervical cancer was elevated in female farmworkers in one study. Descriptive data and etiologic research on cancer among farmworkers and family members are urgently needed. Feasibility evaluations, however, should precede etiologic investigations because of possible difficulties in studying this population of workers. Issues that need to be evaluated include assessing where and when farmworkers and family members are diagnosed and/or treated for malignancies, the ability of farmworkers to provide histories of crops, locations, and years worked and living conditions, the ability of agricultural experts to determine likely pesticide exposures based on such farmworkers' histories, the ability to obtain information on potential confounding factors, the ability to recontact or determine vital status of specific farmworkers over time, the suitability of conducting studies in home-base vs. upstream counties, and the ability to study agriculturally related malignancies in persons who have left farm work before the disease occurs.
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PMID:Cancer among migrant and seasonal farmworkers: an epidemiologic review and research agenda. 831 Nov 5

This report highlights selected evidence of different cancer patterns among African Americans and whites and considers potential risk factors associated with these cancers. During the years 1987 to 1991, African Americans experienced higher incidence and mortality rates than whites for multiple myeloma and for cancers of the oropharynx, colorectum, lung and bronchus, cervix, and prostate. African Americans had lower incidence and mortality for cancer of the urinary bladder. The incidence of breast cancer was higher among white women, but mortality was higher among African American women. Five-year relative survival for the period 1983 to 1990 was generally lower among African Americans than whites for cancers of the oropharynx, colorectum, cervix, prostate, and female breast but slightly higher for multiple myeloma. From 1973 to 1991, there were significant declines in cervical cancer incidence among women of both races, oropharyngeal cancer mortality among whites, and bladder cancer mortality for whites and African Americans. Risk factors for the more prominent cancers suggest that efforts aimed at changing lifestyles, achieving socioeconomic parity, and insuring environmental equity are likely to relieve African Americans of much of their disproportionate cancer burden.
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PMID:Differences in cancer incidence, mortality, and survival between African Americans and whites. 874 98

The results of an international, collaborative study of cancer in Circumpolar Inuit in Greenland, Canada, Alaska and Russia are summarized. A total of 3 255 incident cancers were diagnosed from 1969 to 1988 among 85 000-110 000 individuals. Indirect standardization (SIR) based on comparison populations in Connecticut (USA), Canada and Denmark showed excess risk of cancer of the lung, nasopharynx, salivary glands, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts in both sexes, of liver and stomach cancer in men, and renal and cervical cancer in women. Low risk was observed for cancer of the bladder, breast, endometrium and prostate, and for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, leukaemia, multiple myeloma and melanoma. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of cancer of lung, cervix, nasopharynx and salivary glands among Inuit were among the world's highest as were rates in women of oesophageal and renal cancer. Regional differences in ASRs within the Circumpolar area were observed for cancer of the cervix, lung, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder and breast. The differences in the Inuit cancer incidence pattern to some extent reflect known variations in lifestyle, diet and other exposures, as well as implementation of cancer control measures. Future research addressing possible individual differences are needed to evaluate environmental and genetic factors in etiology and evaluate intervention studies.
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PMID:Cancer in Circumpolar Inuit 1969-1988. A summary. 881 71

To arrive at a reasonable estimate of the total need for radiotherapy, the various descriptions of population trends and measures of cancer trends must be studied concurrently. Incidence and mortality are well documented by official statistics. All prognoses are based on these measures, the official population statistics, and the 1989 population prognosis from Statistics Sweden. Incidence, mortality, and prevalence may be considered either individually or together as indirect measures of the need for radiotherapy at different stages for different types of cancer. Incidence, ie, the number of cases of disease onset during a given period, shows the indirect need for curative radiotherapy, eg, for breast cancer, laryngeal cancer, gynecological tumor types, and head and neck cancer. The projected average annual mean increase in total incidence is 1.0%. Mortality may be used as an indirect measure of the need for palliative treatment for recurring cancer, eg, for bone metastases, prostate cancer, lung cancer, or breast cancer. The mean increase is estimated at 0.9% per year. Likewise, prevalence can be an indirect measure of the need for palliative treatment for cancer diseases of a chronic nature, eg, prostate cancer and multiple myeloma. The total mean increase per year has been estimated at 2.0%. The total need for radiotherapy in the future should be viewed against the background of all these descriptive measures. Assessment must also consider numerous other factors that directly influence need. A change in the indications for treatment can quickly increase the need for radiotherapy, eg, the benefits of radiotherapy for noninvasive breast cancer are currently being studied. Even a change in the indications for surgical intervention for small tumors in the breast influence the need for primary curative radiotherapy in this large group of patients. Likewise, a shift in staging the primary diagnosis, eg, in head and neck cancer, and changes in fractionation (hyperfractionation) may substantially influence need. This is addressed further in another section of the report. The largest single group of cancer patients who receive radiotherapy are those with bone metastases (25% of the total). The size of this group, and thereby the potential unsatisfied need, is largely unknown since no statistics show the prevalence of metastases in the population. This group is comprised mainly of patients that were primarily diagnosed with prostate cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Concerning lung cancer, incidence trends probably provide the best measure of changes in the number of bone metastases over time. The annual increase in incidence has been estimated at 1.5%. As for breast cancer and prostate cancer, mortality trends provide more information about trends in the number of bone metastases. Both types of cancer increased by 1.9% per year. Chapter 6 presents the types of cancer for which radiotherapy is usually given. The projected trends show that each of these cancer diagnoses, except lung cancer in men and cervical cancer in women, are expected to increase in number until the year 2010. Prevalence is expected to increase even more, particularly cancer in the rectum, breast, and prostate. Also, the number of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is expected to nearly double by 2010.
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PMID:Cancer trends in Sweden until 2010. 915 84


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