Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An increased mortality from lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, haematolymphatic malignancy and cirrhosis of the liver has been reported among smelter workers and others exposed to arsenic. This study uses the case-referent (case-control) technique and is concerned with workers in a copper smelter in a complex work environment, characterised by the presence of trivalent arsenic in combination with sulphur dioxide and copper, and also with other agents. Lung cancer mortality was found to be increased about five-fold and cardiovascular disease about two-fold, showing a dose-response relationship to arsenic exposure. Mortality from malignant blood disease (leukaemia and myeloma) and cirrhosis of the liver was also slightly increased. This mortality pattern among the smelter workers is consistent with earlier reports. An increased mortality from cardiovascular disease in this type of industry is of particular interest as it has been reported only once before.
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PMID:Arsenic exposure and mortality: a case-referent study from a Swedish copper smelter. 62 94

A 59-year-old female was admitted to Tsukuba University Hospital and diagnosed as IgA-lambda multiple myeloma (stage IIIA). No cardiovascular disorder with the exception of minor ischemic changes in ECG was revealed before treatment. Recombinant human alpha-interferon (IFN) at a dose of 3 million units combined with melphalan and prednisolone was administrated. Sixteen hours after the first administration of IFN, IFN was suspended by the symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF). Treatment with diuretics and catecholamine products showed almost complete recovery from CHF in 3 weeks. An adverse reaction to IFN was strongly suspected as the cause of CHF.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma complicated by congestive heart failure following first administration of recombinant alpha-interferon. 145 May 6

Mitoxantrone is a dihydroxyanthracenedione derivative which as intravenous mono- and combination therapy has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy similar to that of standard induction and salvage treatment regimens in advanced breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia and chronic myelogenous leukaemia in blast crisis; it appears to be an effective alternative to the anthracycline component of standard treatment regimens in these indications. Mitoxantrone is also effective as a component of predominantly palliative treatment regimens for hepatic and advanced ovarian carcinoma. Limited studies suggest useful therapeutic activity in multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Regional therapy of malignant effusions, hepatic and ovarian carcinomas has also been very effective, with a reduction in systemic adverse effects. Mitoxantrone inhibits DNA synthesis by intercalating DNA, inducing DNA strand breaks, and causing DNA aggregation and compaction, and delays cell cycle progression, particularly in late S phase. In vitro antitumour activity is concentration- and exposure time-proportional, and synergy with other antineoplastic drugs has been demonstrated in murine tumour models. Leucopenia may be dose-limiting in patients with solid tumours, whereas stomatitis may be dose-limiting in patients with leukaemia. Other adverse effects are usually of mild or moderate severity although cardiac effects, particularly congestive heart failure, may be of concern, especially in patients with a history of anthracycline therapy, mediastinal irradiation or cardiovascular disease. Mitoxantrone displays an improved tolerability profile compared with doxorubicin and other anthracyclines, although myelosuppression may occur more frequently. Thus, mitoxantrone is an effective and better tolerated alternative to the anthracyclines in most haematological malignancies, in breast cancer and in advanced hepatic or ovarian carcinoma. Further studies may consolidate its role in the treatment of these and other malignancies.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in the chemotherapy of cancer. 171 46

In most industralized countries, the last two decades or so have been characterized by a further significant reduction in mortality. Summary measures of mortality, such as the age-standardized death rate, have declined in parallel with reductions in CVD mortality. Yet, cancer mortality over all ages has risen in the majority of industralized countries. However, this rise in cancer mortality has been accompanied by a rise in the average age at death from the disease, suggesting further progress in deferring death. How much of the observed increase in cancer mortality for such sites as the brain, as well as for multiple myeloma, is real is difficult to determine. Certainly, for countries such as the United States, where mortality from ill-defined causes and ill-defined cancer sites has not fallen, it is quite probable that the increase in death rates largely reflects a real increase in cancer risk. There can be little doubt that the rise in lung cancer mortality is a real trend and this has repeatedly been shown to mirror, with an appropriate lag period, previous changes in cigarette consumption. On the other hand, for some countries, such as France, Japan, and Italy, there have been very substantial postwar declines in mortality rates from ill-defined causes, and hence any increase in mortality from diseases for which diagnostic precision is known to have improved must be viewed with some caution. The reductions in CVD mortality have also been accompanied by a rise in the average age at death and a decline in the proportion of all deaths attributable to CVD. There have thus been fewer CVD deaths and these deaths are increasingly postponed to higher ages. This is reflected by the widespread decline in summary indices of premature mortality, such as the age-standardized death rate at ages 35 to 74 years. On the other hand, cancer death rates at these ages have risen in several countries, suggesting that at least some of the "younger" persons "saved" from dying from CVD are now succumbing to cancer. The suggestion that previous cigarette smoking has "claimed" the majority of "saved" lives from CVD is supported by the evidence on mortality trends for major sites of cancer. (The principal site of the disease for which mortality in males at ages 35 to 74 years rose in most countries substantially is lung cancer, which accounts for the vast majority of the rise in overall cancer mortality where it has occurred.) These conclusions would be strengthened if one could demonstrate parallel trends based on incidence data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Competing causes of death. A review of recent trends in mortality in industrialized countries with special reference to cancer. 226 58

Fire fighters are known to be occupationally exposed to many toxic substances. However, the limited number of previous studies has not demonstrated any consistent excess mortality from diseases of a priori concern, such as lung cancer, non-malignant respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease. We studied 2,289 Seattle fire fighters from 1945 through 1983, and observed 383 deaths. Excess mortality from leukemia (SMR = 503, n = 3) and multiple myeloma (SMR = 989, n = 2) was observed among fire fighters with 30 years or more fire combat duty. Lung cancer mortality was elevated (SMR = 177, n = 18) among fire fighters 65 years old or older. We also analyzed the data by considering fire fighters at risk only after 30 years from first exposure. In this analysis, a trend of increasing risk with increasing exposure was observed for diseases of the circulatory system. For this cause of death, fire fighters with 30 years or more fire combat duty had a relative risk of 1.84 compared to those with less than 15 years of fire combat duty.
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PMID:Cohort mortality study of Seattle fire fighters: 1945-1983. 232 16

Nephrotoxicity due to injection of uro-angiographic water soluble contrast media is a wellknown hazard in patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, multiple myeloma and old age. Cases of nephrotoxicity in other patient populations are extremely rare. In order to document the influence of water soluble contrast media in patient undergoing intravenous urography diuresis, osmolar changes, creatinine clearance, absolute urinary creatinine excretion and uric acid metabolism were evaluated before and after contrast medium injection. No adverse reaction could be evidenced as far as the renal function is concerned, as creatinine clearance and absolute urinary creatinine output values showed no significant differences. The significant raise (p less than or equal to 0.001) of uric acid excretion (absolute urinary uric acid excretion values before and after contrast injection were respectively 5.22 micrograms/min.kg (IR: 3.24) and 10.68 micrograms/min.kg (IR: 4.03] can be co-responsible for adverse reactions when the renal function is not normal.
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PMID:Evaluation of renal function before and after intravenous injection of uroangiographic water soluble contrast media in men. 263 82

Scleredema associated with a monoclonal gammopathy and generalized skin pigmentation is described in a 56-year-old man with hyperlipoproteinemia and cardiovascular disease. The patient had IgG-lambda paraproteinemia, without any evidence of multiple myeloma or immunoglobulin deposition in affected skin. Ultrastructural studies of pigmented lesional skin showed increased transfer of melanosomes to basal keratinocytes and dermal melanophages containing complex melanosomes. In addition, cytoplasmic, electron-opaque lipid droplets were seen in approximately every third keratinocyte or melanocyte, while only an occasional dermal cell contained lipid droplets. The hyperpigmentation appeared to be directly related to the scleredema, while the lipid deposition in skin was a likely consequence of the hyperlipoproteinemia. The findings further support the contention that paraproteinemia and hyperpigmentation may, in some patients, be associated features of scleredema adultorum.
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PMID:Scleredema adultorum associated with a monoclonal gammopathy and generalized hyperpigmentation. 357 42

The study describes 156 consecutive cases of pneumococcal bacteraemia among patients admitted to Hvidovre Hospital during the five-year period 1986-1990. Pneumococcal bacteraemia was most common in the age groups 0-4 and 50-99 years. The most common focus of infection was the lungs (84%). 81% had preexisting diseases and the most common were: Immunosuppression due to drugs, alcoholism, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes and myelomatosis. Patients over 65 years of age had a higher case fatality (35%) than younger (12%). The overall case fatality rate was 24%. Twenty-three percent of cases were hospital-acquired, and associated with a case fatality of 37%. Pneumococcal bacteraemia was most common during the winter season and unrelated to influenza. Eighty-four percent of the examined isolates represented capsular types included in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Three percent of the tested strains were relatively resistant to penicillin (MIC > 0.1 microgram/ml). Despite antibiotic treatment, the mortality from pneumococcal bacteraemia, particularly in elderly, remains high. With this in mind, one may consider offering pneumococcal vaccination to persons over 65 years of age with chronic predisposing diseases.
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PMID:[Pneumococcal bacteremia in Hvidovre Hospital 1986-1990]. 825 59

The present case-control study was conducted in an effort to determine if work in the chemical industry is related to excesses of certain hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. Cases who died from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia were matched by race, gender, age, year of death, and county of residence to controls who died from cardiovascular disease. A total of 618 (309 matched pairs) white male residents of Kanawha County, WV, aged 23-96, who had died between 1965 and 1990 were identified. Conditional logistic regression was conducted and yielded an association between chemical industry work and death due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and lymphoid leukemia among subjects who died at age < 65. These results are consistent with the findings of previous studies linking work in chemical manufacturing to hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms, and indicate that the excesses may be related to the occupational exposures in men who died at younger ages.
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PMID:A case-control study of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms: the role of work in the chemical industry. 940 35

Despite the high prevalence of infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in South Africa, information on its association with cancer is sparse. Our study was carried out to examine the relationship between HIV and a number of cancer types or sites that are common in South Africa. A total of 4,883 subjects, presenting with a cancer or cardiovascular disease at the 3 tertiary referral hospitals in Johannesburg, were interviewed and had blood tested for HIV. Odds ratios associated with HIV infection were calculated by using unconditional logistic regression models for 16 major cancer types where data was available for 50 or more patients. In the comparison group, the prevalence of HIV infection was 8.3% in males and 9.1% in females. Significant excess risks associated with HIV infection were found for Kaposi's sarcoma (OR=21.9, 95% CI=12.5-38.6), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR=5.0, 95%CI=2.7-9.5), vulval cancer (OR=4.8, 95%CI= 1.9-12.2) and cervical cancer (OR= 1.6, 95%CI= 1.1-2.3) but not for any of the other major cancer types examined, including Hodgkin disease, multiple myeloma and lung cancer. In Johannesburg, South Africa, HIV infection was associated with significantly increased risks of Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and cancers of the cervix and the vulva. The relative risks for Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with HIV infection were substantially lower than those found in the West.
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PMID:The spectrum of HIV-1 related cancers in South Africa. 1105 82


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