Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case with primary plasmacytoma of the lung is described. The patient, a 55-year-old Japanese female, who simultaneously had a pulmonary plasmacytoma and bladder carcinoma. The bladder tumor was treated with transurethral resection. Pathologically, the bladder tumor was a non-invasive, papillary transitional cell carcinoma, grade II. The lung tumor was located in the right upper lobe and upper lobectomy was performed. The tumor measured 2.8 x 2.7 x 2.0 cm and had a white-yellowish cut surface. Histologic, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations of the lung tumor revealed monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells (IgA, lambda light chain). There was no evidence of multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the lung. 130 Jan 76

The case of a 63-year-old man with a previously undescribed morphologic variant of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is reported. The patient initially presented with multiple lytic bony metastases of the ribs and skull. Aspiration biopsy of one of the lytic lesions of the skull showed tumor cells with a striking plasmacytoid appearance, similar to the plasma cells seen in myeloma, leading to an initial observer's diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Subsequently, a bladder tumor with the same cytomorphology was found; immunohistochemical and ultra structural studies performed on the aspirated material and on the bladder biopsy specimen clearly established the epithelial nature of this neoplasm.
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PMID:Plasmacytoid transitional cell carcinoma. Report of a case with initial presentation mimicking multiple myeloma. 171 Apr 2

The development of the hybridoma technology allows the identification of tumor associated antigens with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Employing this technology mAb Due ABC 3 was obtained by immunization of a BALB/c mouse with bladder tumor cell line SW 1710 and subsequent cell fusion of spleen cells with P3. X63.Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells. MAb Due ABC 3, an IgM antibody, was found to recognize an antigen present in the membrane of tumor cells in 25 out of 28 (89%) transitional cell carcinoma specimens but rarely (three out of 25 specimens, 12%) on normal urothelial cells. Cross reactions were seen with proximal tubular epithelium of the kidney and seven out of 12 renal cell carcinomas examined. Furthermore, the antigen was expressed by granulocytes, some gastrointestinal epithelia, ovarian and breast carcinoma. The antigen recognized by mAb Due ABC 3 was stable to fixation with formaldehyde and paraffin emmbedding, different proteases, alkaline treatment and heat exposure up to 70C. Antigenicity was abandoned by incubation with periodate but not with neuraminidase treatment. The antigen could be extracted with chloroform/methanol suggesting the involvement of a glycolipid. Immuno-thin layer chromatography revealed a single lipid band reacting with mAb Due ABC 3 but not with anti-CD15, directed against the Lewis X antigen. Although not tumor-specific, mAbs directed against differentiation antigens may be of value for the investigation of cell transformations as well as for diagnostic use.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody Due ABC 3 directed against transitional cell carcinoma. I. Production, specificity analysis, and preliminary characterization of the antigen. 172 39

Gamma seminoprotein (gamma Sm), a glycoprotein isolated from human seminal plasma with a molecular weight of 29,000 and possibly a serine protease, has been demonstrated to be one of the prostate organ-specific antigens. We established a murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to gamma-Sm in order to prove the presence and localization of this protein in the prostate. The hybrid clones were obtained by fusing mouse SP2/O-Ag-14 myeloma cells with splenocytes from Balb/c mouse immunized with the major fractions of gamma-Sm. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done for antibody screening. After cloning twice in soft agarose, the stable clone, termed 43-21-1-1, was finally chosen. This MoAb, IgG1(kappa), recognized gamma-Sm specifically, which was verified by an immunoblotting assay. The specificity of the MoAb was further evaluated by immunohistochemical study by the avidin biotin complex method. Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde-fixed surgical specimens, including the prostate associated with fibromuscular hyperplasia, seminal vesicles, bladder, testis and epididymis, were examined. Formaldehyde (10%)-fixed surgical specimens from patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and primary transitional cell carcinoma arising from the periurethral prostatic ducts were also examined. Positive reactions of gamma-Sm were recognized only in the cytoplasm of prostatic glandular epithelial cells and along the luminal surface. Fibrous and muscular tissues always given negative staining. Neither nonprostatic tissues nor transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate were stained positively for gamma-Sm. These results show that this MoAb (43-21-1-1) is quite specific to gamma-Sm and may be useful for the immunohistochemical study with prostatic tissue.
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PMID:[Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibody to gamma seminoprotein]. 240 88

Twenty cases of metastatic neoplasms in the breast were identified in a series of 1,034 fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of the breast, of which 389 were malignant. Patients with breast carcinomas in whom metastasis to the contralateral breast developed were excluded from this study. This series consisted of 17 women and 3 men, ranging in age from 28 to 63 years (mean, 49 years). The tumors included oat cell carcinoma (three), melanoma (three), ovarian serous carcinoma (one), bronchogenic adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma (four and two, respectively), lymphoma (two), carcinoid (two), transitional cell carcinoma (one), plasma cell myeloma (one), and rhabdomyosarcoma (one). In two patients, the breast mass was the first manifestation of an extramammary cancer (two adenocarcinoma of the lung). Eleven patients died of disseminated cancer shortly after the breast metastasis was diagnosed. In most cases, the aspirates displayed the cytologic features characteristic of the primary tumors, thereby establishing the metastatic nature of the neoplasm. In four cases (two carcinoids, one myeloma, and one rhabdomyosarcoma), the cytologic features were difficult to differentiate from a primary breast carcinoma; however, the final diagnosis was established by electron microscopic examination and immunocytochemical studies on the aspirates. One case (adenocarcinoma of the lung) was misdiagnosed as primary breast carcinoma on both FNA and mastectomy specimen. Because metastatic neoplasms in the breast may mimic primary breast tumors, the authors recommend the following: (1) Evaluation of FNA of breast should be done with complete knowledge of the patient's clinical history. (2) The possibility of metastasis should be suspected in lesions with unusual cytologic patterns. (3) Ancillary studies on FNA can be helpful in interpreting selected cases.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic neoplasms in the breast. 275 Jul 5

Multiple primary cancers form 1 to 10% of all malignancies, but only a few cases of quadruple cancers are reported a year in Japan. We report a case of quadruple cancers--gastric adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, multiple myeloma and leiomyosarcoma of bladder.
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PMID:[Quadruple cancers (gastric adenocarcinoma, multiple myeloma, transitional cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma of the bladder]. 344 35

Mice were immunized with cultured cells derived from transitional cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder (TCC). Spleen cells were fused with mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0-Ag14 and the hybridomas obtained screened for antibody production against a panel of human cells. Two hybridomas were selected for further studies. The antibodies from one of these hybridomas (P7A5-4) could clearly discriminate between malignant and normal cells from the bladder, both when tested with cultured cells and fresh tissue. The P7A5-4 antibodies, however, also reacted with some non-TCC cultured carcinoma and melanoma cells but to a lesser extent. This difference in reactivity was even more pronounced in the fresh tumours tested, thus indicating a quantitative difference in antigen expression between TCC and other cells. From extracts of TCC cells, P7A5-4 bound three polypeptides of mol. wts 92Kd (ConA+), 23 and 17Kd (ConA-). The antibody derived from hybridoma SK4H-12 bound a ConA reactive glycopeptide of 100Kd mol. wt, the expression of which was almost entirely restricted to urothelial cell lines and tissue of TCC origin, as shown by immunocytochemical studies. The finding in this study of new antigens associated with urinary bladder carcinoma, extend the results obtained previously in our laboratory (Koho et al., 1984; Paulie et al., 1984) and further delineate the heterogeneity of tumour-associated antigens in this human tumour system.
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PMID:Specificities and binding properties of 2 monoclonal antibodies against carcinoma cells of the human urinary bladder. 401 53

Spleen cells from mice immunized with the human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line 647V have been fused with a syngeneic myeloma cell line to produce hybridomas. Screening of supernatants from 40 hybridomas which reacted with the immunizing cell line identified antibodies recognizing a variety of common, shared and tumor-associated antigens as well as newborn calf serum dependent antigens. Three hybridoma antibodies, 9A7 , 2E1 and 2A6 , recognize antigens found on all the human transitional cell carcinoma cell lines and tissue preparations tested, but the antigens were not found on normal human tissue (including urothelium), thus demonstrating the capability of the antibodies to distinguish normal from malignant bladder transitional epithelium. These antibodies, however, otherwise differ in their patterns of reactivity, with 1 recognizing an antigen which is also expressed on highly anaplastic malignant non-transitional cell carcinoma cell lines and tumors, while the other 2 demonstrate reactivities which are far more restricted to transitional cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Murine hybridoma antibodies against human transitional carcinoma-associated antigens. 620 93

A prospective study of 28 consecutive fine needle aspirates of bone was conducted comparing the sensitivities of cytologic diagnosis with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) content to determine if the CEA assay could enhance the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma metastatic to bone. Aspirates obtained radiologically or at surgery underwent cytologic examination and CEA assay. Cytologic examination was performed on Papanicolaou-stained smears and/or cell blocks. CEA was measured with an enzyme immunoassay; 5 ng/mL was used as the cutoff. Twenty-one were malignant and seven benign. The sensitivities of cytology and CEA were 85% and 47.6%, respectively, and the specificities, 100%. Mean CEA and sensitivity were highest for adenocarcinoma of lung (361.5 ng/mL, 77%), lowest for carcinoma of breast and negative for lymphoma, myeloma and benign aspirates. High CEA was useful in (1) suggesting adenocarcinoma of lung in patients with an unknown primary, (2) suggesting a new primary lung adenocarcinoma in a patient with previous transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, and (3) discriminating lung adenocarcinoma from adenocarcinomas of kidney, thyroid, prostate or endometrium.
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PMID:Cytologic examination and carcinoembryonic antigen assay of fine needle aspirates of bone tumors. 804 20

Chemotherapy agents are extremely important in the treatment of liquid malignancies, such as lymphoma, myeloma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In addition, chemotherapy agents have proven effective in the adjuvant treatment of solid tumors, such as osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and others. Unfortunately, chemotherapy resistance in these situations is the most significant cause of treatment failure. Therefore, the ability to predict, treat, or circumvent resistance is extremely likely to improve clinical outcomes. This article has reviewed the most widely investigated forms of chemotherapy resistance, such as reduced drug accumulation, increased DNA damage repair, decreased apoptosis, and others; however, new mechanisms are being found at an alarming pace. In addition, investigations to date have routinely centered on single-cell mechanisms of drug resistance, and cancer is truly a three dimensional disease. The elucidation of mechanisms surrounding (1) how tumors interact with their normal microenvironment, (2) how tumors interact in a three-dimensional environment, and (3) a better understanding of basic tumor physiology and biology may supersede in importance those previously elucidated single-cell mechanisms of chemoresistance.
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PMID:Mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance. 1285 41


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