Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone remodeling in pathologic conditions was studied with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Benign and malignant ossification were examined in cases of myositis ossificans, ossifying fibroma, osteoid osteoma, and osteosarcoma, Resorption of bone due to invasion by non-ossifying tumors was found in cases of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, ameloblastoma, and multiple myeloma. Bone formation due to excessive production of growth hormone was studied in a case of acromegaly. Resorption of bone due to pathologic processes resembled the pattern found in surfaces which were undergoing resorption by osteoclasts. Lamelar-cortical bone formation in acromegally was similar in nature to normal bone. The deformities were rleated to the excessive continuous osteogenesis that occurs in these instances. Neoplastic ossification was characterized by calcifying globules, the diameters of which ranged from 1 to 3 micron. The surfaces of these globules were constructed of minute calcospherites with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 micron. It is suggested that the pattern of globular calcification is similar to the type that was found with the SEM in fetal bone and cartilage, during healing of fractured bone, and also with the TEM in normal and pathologic calcification.
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PMID:Bone remodeling in pathologic conditions. A scanning electron microscopic study. 26 94

Eighty-two patients with metastatic tumor received a therapeutic regimen consisting of BCNU, 100 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide, 400 mg/m2, both intravenously on day 1, followed by adriamycin, 40 mg/m2, on day 2. Treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Of 14 evaluable patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast, all resistant to previous chemotherapy and 12 resistant to a five-drug combination chemotherapy program, 12 had objective responses of which seven were good partial responses. Osseous, visceral, and cutaneous metastases responded equally well. Overall, 53% of 68 evaluable patients had objective responses, and 32% had complete or good partial responses. The most encouraging results were in patients with carcinoma of the head and neck, ovarian carcinoma, and multiple myeloma refractory to standard therapy. Significant responses were observed in previously untreated patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the lung, carcinoma of the prostate, and carcinoma of undermined primary. Remissions lasted a median of 5 months. Myelosuppression was moderate in degree and was maximal 2 weeks after treatment. Cumulative thrombocytopenia was apparent but not dose limiting with repeated courses.
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PMID:Adriamycin, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU-NSC 409462), and cyclophosphamide in refractory adenocarcinoma of the breast and other tumors. 125 1

GCF is a human transcriptional regulator that represses transcription of certain genes and is encoded by a 3-kilobase (kb) mRNA (Kageyama, R., and Pastan, I. (1989) Cell 59, 815-825). The expression of GCF was examined in a variety of clonal cell lines. The 3.0-kb GCF mRNA was found to be expressed at the highest level in HUT 102 cells (derived from a T-cell lymphoma). Elevated levels of the GCF mRNA were also noted in KATO III and AGS (gastric carcinomas), FEM-X (melanoma), and U266B1 (myeloma) cell lines. A human fibroblast cell line (WI38) did not express GCF mRNA, and no cross-hybridization to a mouse cell line (NIH 3T3) or monkey cell line (CV-1) could be detected. The GCF cDNA also hybridizes to RNA species of 4.5 and 1.2 kb. The 4.5-kb RNA has the same general expression pattern as the GCF mRNA. Hybridization of cellular RNA with various probes derived from the 3-kb cDNA revealed that the 4.5-kb RNA species only hybridizes to GCF cDNA probes from the extreme 5' end. By using single-stranded RNA probes, hybridization to the three RNA species was detected with the antisense probe for the 5' end (nucleotides 1-561). The single-stranded antisense probe for the region encompassing nucleotides 561-1692 hybridized to the 3.0- and 1.2-kb RNA species. The sense probes for these regions did not hybridize to these RNAs. The GCF gene was localized to a single locus, the chromosome 2 p11.1-11.2 region, by in situ hybridization. Treatment of human KB epidermoid carcinoma cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) lead to a rapid induction of GCF RNA after 1 h and a decline to lower than control levels after 6 h. Epidermal growth factor receptor mRNAs were not increased by PMA until 2 h after treatment and were at their highest level only after GCF mRNAs were decreased. The 4.5- and 1.2-kb RNAs were also induced by PMA with the same kinetics as the GCF mRNA. These results show that the GCF gene is widely expressed in human tissues and cell lines and that the 4.5- and 1.2-kb RNAs have similar expression patterns.
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PMID:Expression and chromosomal localization of the gene for the human transcriptional repressor GCF. 137 Apr 79

The main distinctive feature of carcinoma in schistosomal bladder is keratinized squamous cell carcinoma. Keratins/cytokeratins constitute a multigeneic family of structurally related polypeptide markers for the malignant state of epithelial cells. A monoclonal antibody (UNME/K1) regognizing keratins associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder was generated at the Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt (UNME), by fusion of spleenocytes from a BALB/c mouse immunized with a keratin extract (K1) of human squamous cell carcinoma and P3X63Ag8/U1 syngeneic myeloma cells. UNME/K1 was purified by a protein-A affinity column and was of the IgG2a type, as determined by immunoelectrophoresis and gel diffusion techniques. When tested against keratins of different types of urinary bladder tumors using enzym linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), UNME/K1 reacted only with the high molecular weight keratin of squamous cell carcinoma and showed selectivity towards specific histopathological grades of tumors.
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PMID:UNME/K1: an IgG2a monoclonal antibody specific to cytokeratin of human urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma. 171 97

Antibodies against specific antigens may be produced through the fusion of activated B cells with myeloma cells cultured in vitro. These antibodies are secreted from the fused cells (hybridomas), which are all derived from the same clone producing monoclonal antibodies. As long as monoclonal antibodies retain their genetic information they can produce the desired antibodies. Therefore a prerequisite for the use of monoclonal antibodies is the recognition of antigens of special interest, requiring an intensive search and characterization for specificity. At present monoclonal antibodies directed against squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck are predominantly used for immunohistology to identify the epithelial origin of the malignant cells.
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PMID:[Possibilities for using monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis and therapy of head and neck cancers. I. Introduction and current state]. 205 May 56

Mouse-human heterohybridoma (3H12) producing human antibody was established by fusing P3/X63-Ag-U1 (P3U1) myeloma cells with lymphocytes from a patient of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). This monoclonal antibody reacts to lung cancer cells, especially SCLC, but not to adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma cells. It does not show any reactivities to other tumors or normal cells so far examined. An immunoprecipitation experiment with this antibody revealed that the antigen on SCLC was a single chain moiety of 150 kilodaltons (Kd). Judging from the cell type reactivity and molecular size of the antigen, this monoclonal antibody appears to detect a new tumor-associated antigen on human SCLC.
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PMID:Establishment of human monoclonal antibody recognizing a new tumor-associated antigen from a patient with small cell lung carcinoma. 216 75

An association of systemic amyloid with a squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus is described. Amyloid may be associated with myeloma and neuroendocrine tumours but has not been described in squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus.
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PMID:Systemic amyloid associated with carcinoma of the bronchus. 231 77

In an attempt to characterize the antigens attached to cells of a line established from a human squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (CAL 27), BALB/c mice were immunized with whole CAL 27 cells; hybridomas were then produced using spleen cells of the animals and cells of an NS1 syngeneic myeloma. A hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody was obtained (CALAM 27); CALAM 27 was directed against an epitope attached to the CAL 27 cells. CALAM 27, IgG2a, reacted with a membrane antigen specific to all epithelial cells. After immunoprecipitation, this antigen corresponded to two bands (Mr 22,000 and 54,000). Reactivity disappeared when the tissue was embedded in paraffin but was conserved after fixation with acetone or methanol. This antigen was conserved for both benign and malignant epithelial cell pathologies. The action of CALAM 27 was tested on 80 samples of pleural effusions, ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid samples; after conventional cytological examinations, CALAM 27 failed to recognize either reactive mesothelial cells or meningothelial cells. In addition, the cell structure recognized by CALAM 27 is not found on certain lymphoid tissue cells. CALAM 27 also failed to react with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Its strictly epithelial specificity therefore permits its use for the diagnosis of micrometastases of carcinoma in ascites and cerebrospinal fluid, in pleural effusions, and in bone marrow. CALAM 27 may also prove useful in confirming diagnosis of pathologies suspected to be of epithelial origin.
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PMID:Characterization of a new surface epitope specific for human epithelial cells defined by a monoclonal antibody and application to tumor diagnosis. 244 May 66

Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), B10 and 1H5, were generated by fusing mouse myeloma NS-1 cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with Ueda-1 cells derived from human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the floor of the mouth. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that these MoAbs recognize the filamentous components of cytoplasm which were protein in nature. While the pattern of antigen distribution in various cell lines was not cell-type specific, reactivity of these antibodies with tissue sections was informative. MoAb 1H5 was preferentially reactive with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, however, reaction with adenocarcinoma was observed infrequently. This antibody also preferentially reacted with the spinous layer of normal stratified squamous epithelium. MoAb B10, however, was reactive with nonepithelial tissues as well as with epithelial ones, and its level of binding bore no relationship to the grade of histologic malignancy. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis, using cytokeratin extracts of Ueda-1 cells and human epidermis, demonstrated that MoAb B10 reacted with a wide range of keratin proteins of 65-67K, 58K, 56.5K, 56K, 52K, 50K, 48K, 45K, 40K, 38K, 36K, and 34K molecular weight (MW), while MoAb 1H5 reacted with keratin proteins of 65-67K, 58K, 56.5K, 56K, 52K, 48K, and 34K MW. These results suggest that MoAb 1H5 may recognize keratin subfamilies related to squamous differentiation, whereas MoAb B10 recognizes a wide range of keratin proteins, and may even react with other kinds of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs).
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against human oral squamous cell carcinoma reacting with keratin proteins. 244 66

A new monoclonal antibody, 1C5, was produced by fusion of spleen cells obtained from mice immunized with CAC-1, a human cell line of cervical adenocarcinoma of the uterus, and NS-1 myeloma cell. The objectives of this study were to obtain moAb that can be used for routine histology and cytology, and to examine the histogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma. 1. 1C5 reacted with 88% of cervical adenocarcinoma of the uterus, but did not react with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus and other squamous cell carcinoma. However, 1C5 reacted with some adenocarcinomas, such as endometrial carcinoma of the uterus and ovarial carcinoma. 2. The staining pattern by 1C5 was different, in cervical adenocarcinoma from that in endometrial carcinoma of the uterus, and also different in the endocervical type from that in the endometrioid type of cervical adenocarcinoma. Therefore, 1C5 is useful in distinguishing between two types of adenocarcinoma of the uterus. 3. 1C5 did not react with normal squamous cells or normal columnar cells of the uterine cervix, or with normal endometrial cells of the uterus. However, the columnar cells in a limited area of the squamocolumnar junction were strongly stained with 1C5. 4. 1C5 reacted with ethanol-fixed, and routine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Thus, 1C5 may be used for clinical diagnosis. 5. 1C5 was found to be IgG1. 6. The molecular weight of the 1C5-defined antigen was 26,000 daltons, and the epitope of the 1C5-defined antigen was carbohydrate moiety. 7. We examined the histogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma of the uterus by utilizing the reactivity of 1C5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The production and characterization of monoclonal antibody, 1C5, reactive with cervical adenocarcinoma of the uterus]. 247 40


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