Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026764 (multiple myeloma)
 36,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiography was performed in ten cases of myeloma (plasmacytoma), of which nine were solitary on admission. All lesions were hypervascular bone tumors with extension of neoplastic growth into adjacent soft tissue. Contrast uptake of the tumors occurred regularly and usually was non-homogeneous. In nearly all cases irregular tumor vessels and early venous drainage was evident with arteriovenous shunting in three. Pathologic-anatomic correlation demonstrated 'tumor vessels' to be newly formed vascular spaces lacking the normal constituents of vessel walls. The contrast uptake presumably was caused by passage of contrast into the newly formed, slit-like capillary vascular spaces. Angiography usually permitted separation of myeloma from benign, hypervascular bone lesions. The procedure proved to be of particular value in indicating definite malignancy, since myeloma was considered initially as the probable diagnosis in only one of the series. It was not possible, however, to differentiate myeloma from other malignant tumors by plain radiography or angiography. Irreversible renal failure occurred in one patient after angiography.
 ...
PMID:Angiography in myeloma (plasmacytoma). A correlated angiographic and histologic study. 51 56

Dextran ligands, modified to increase epitope reactivity with receptors, were more effective in suppressing BALB/c mouse plasmacytomas MOPC 104 E and J-558, which bind alpha (1 leads to 3) dextran and have an idiotype (Id) in the common, than autoantibody (Ab) against the Id unique to each of the proteins secreted by the two tumors (the (IdI). BALC/c immunized with 104 E myeloma protein and expressing an antibody response to the 104 E IdI exhibited a specific, anti-104 E IdI transplantation resistance to lethal grafts of 104 E, but not J-558, tumors notwithstanding the shared common Id and similar ability to bind alpha(1 leads to 3) dextran. This autoantibody did not prevent modulation of the 104 E tumor to variant forms or the growth of the variants. On challenge with alpha (1 leads to 3) dextran, the immunized mice expressing the anti-104 C IdI responses failed to express the 104 D IdI-like antibody clone present in the normal, anti-alpha (1 leads to 3) dextran antibody repertoire. Passive, iso-anti-104 E IdI antibody had a transitory suppressive effect on the normal, 104 E IdI-like antibody clone but failed to circumvent 104 E tumor growth. It is apparent that the greater effectiveness of ligands strongly reactive in a nonphysiological manner with the tumor receptors lies in the stabilization of the tumor load without inducing variant escape or a disturbance of the immune network, and that receptor expression and malignancy state are not necessarily co-extensive functions.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of tumor growth and antibody clone expression by antigen and anti-idiotype antibody ligands with specificity for receptor-binding sites. 52 Apr 8

The disposition of cyclophosphamide and its alkylating metabolites was investigated in a group of myeloma patients with varying degrees of renal function impairment. No correlation between renal function and clearance of cyclophosphamide or its alkylating metabolites was found. No evidence of accumulation of cyclophosphamide or alkylating activity was found in four patients receiving radiolabelled cyclophosphamide. Renal function was found to be related to the reciprocal of the area under curve of alkylating activity, indicating that this area increased as renal function decreased. In view of the large nonrenal component of alkylating activity elimination and the large inter-subject variability, it is recommended that dose of cyclophosphamide is not altered in moderate impairment of renal function.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1979
PMID:The disposition of cyclophosphamide in a group of myeloma patients. 53 36

Man and terrestrial animals live in an environment containing free-living amoebae on the surface soil, in pools, fresh water lakes, rivers and streams. They form cysts, which float in the air and which are continually inhaled and found in the nasopharynx and their trophozoites are present in human and animal faeces. Amoebae of the genus, Naegleria, have been demonstrate; in all human tissues, both healthy and in larger numbers in those taken from cases of rheumatoid disease, in all human cancers and in the unaffected tissues of cancer patients. They can be killed in vitro by a series of different anti-amoebic substances and treatment of active cases of rheumatoid disease by any of these, either causes cessation of disease activity or a temporary exaggeration of symptoms followed by their lessening or disappearance (Herxheimer reaction), indicating the presence of an amoeba in the affected tissues as the causative organism of the inflammation in this disease in subjects genetically sensitive to the organism. Every internal organ may be involved in the inflammatory response in cases of rheumatoid disease and this also ceases with the above treatments. Many of these internal lesions are premalignant, so that infection with the organism either in sensitive subjects or with pathogenic species, appears to be the primary cause of cancer in many cases. The presence in the body of Naegleria represents the source of the constant antigenic stimulation thought to be responsible both for rheumatoid disease and for the development of lymphomata and myelomatosis.
 ...
PMID:The naeglerial causation of rheumatoid disease and many human cancers. A new concept in medicine. 53 42

Based on data from the cancer register of the German Democratic Republic established in 1952 and on the official mortality statistics, incidence of and mortality from malignant lymphomas (ICD 200-203) in the GDR are analysed. Age-specific incidence and mortality of Hodgkin's disease show a peak in the age group of 25-30 years and rise steadily from 45 years on up to the highest age. Lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma increase slowly from infancy to old age, whereas multiple myeloma is a disease of the elderly and extremely rare before the age of 40. The apparent increase of malignant lymphoma may be due to underregistration at the beginning of the cancer register. In the past years mortality from Hodgkin's disease is slowly decreasing, thus reflecting progress in methods of treatment and results.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence and mortality of malignant lymphomas in the GDR]. 53 15

Clinical staging has been widely accepted as essential for optimal treatment of many types of cancer. Various groups of workers have investigated factors which influence prognosis in multiple myeloma. Important factors which have been indentified include the performance status, the presence or absence of renal insufficiency, the quantity of the monoclonal protein fraction in the serum, the extent of bone lesions, the serum concentration of albumin and calcium, and the hemoglobin level. Since our findings agreed with the staging, previously proposed by Salmon, this procedure was used to stage myeloma cases in a retrospective study. Survival was statistically significant shorter in stage III than in stage I and in subtype B shorter than in subtype A. In addition to the clinical findings we propose a system for the cytological and histological staging of multiple myeloma which is based on differences in maturity of myeloma cells and have tested its validity in predicting survival in a retrospective follow-up study. 202 cases of multiple myeloma have been analysed by cytological and histological methods. On the basis of the findings the following types were distinguished: 1. plasmocytic myeloma (127 cases), 2. plasmoblastic-plasmocytic myeloma (35 cases), and 3. plasmoblastic myeloma (32 cases). In 8 cases predominance of giant cells were seen. In types 2 and 3 involvement of extraskeletal sites (lymph node, liver, spleen) was significantly higher than in type 1, just as survival was significantly higher (39,7 months) in this type than in type 3 (9,8 months). There seemed to be no correlation between morphological type and class specificity of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Use of the clinical and morphological staging system should provide better initial assessment and follow-up of individual patients, and should lead to improved study design and analysis in large clinical trials of diagnosis and therapy for multiple myeloma.
 ...
PMID:[Prognostic clinical and morphological classification of multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. 54 83

Radiotracer 67Ga-citrate is used as a tumor-seeking agent in clinical imaging investigations although fundamental reasons for its high uptake in certain malignant lesions remain unexplained. The mechanism by which 67Ga becomes concentrated in tumor cells has been investigated by comparing 67Ga and 59Fe uptake by cultured mouse myeloma cells with particular reference to uptake stimulation by transferrin. Concentrations of human transferrin down to 2 microgram/ml greatly stimulated cellular uptake of both tracers, whereas bovine transferrin proved relatively inactive. The rates of stimulated uptake of both tracers were similar as was their high degree of retention by cells, but their quantitative dependencies on transferrin concentration showed characteristic differences. Pretreatment of human transferrin with saturating amounts of nonradioactive Fe3+ canceled its ability to promote 59Fe uptake, but it had little effect on its promotion of 67Ga uptake. Further increase in the amount of added Fe3+ did cause a progressive depression of 67Ga uptake, but this effect probably relates to the iron distribution in the whole-cell culture system including the fetal calf serum component of cell growth medium. The results suggest that 67Ga and 59Fe reveal different aspects of the interaction of transferrin with cells.
Cancer Res 1977 Oct
PMID:Transferrin promotion of 67Ga and 59Fe uptake by cultured mouse myeloma cells. 56 54

A human plasma cell line designated ARH-77 has been established and propagated in culture for the past 2 years. The cells exhibited morphological characteristics of plasma cells under light and electron microscopic examination. An average of 40% cells are positive for immunoglobulin G by direct immunofluorescence, while an immunoglobulin G-specific radioimmunoassay reveals the production of 1.21 X 10(4) ng/10(6) plasma cells. The karyotype is aneuploid with a a modal chromosome number of 45 to 46 and no marker chromosome. Growth kinetics characteristics are: doubling time, 110.4 hr; generation time, 56.4 hr; G1 + G2-phase transit time, 45.5 hr; S-phase transit time, 10.9 hr; growth fraction, 74%; mitotic index, 1.5%; labeling index, 14.3%; and cell loss, 31.0%. Some of the growth kinetics characteristics were markedly similar to the properties displayed in vivo by plasma cells of patients with multiple myeloma and suggest that the cell line might be a useful in vitro model for the study of human myeloma.
Cancer Res 1978 Aug
PMID:Establishment of a human plasma cell line in vitro. 56 14

In our patient, multiple bilateral nodular pulmonary densities appeared on a chest x-ray at the time of diagnosis of stage IV diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma. After localized radiation therapy, the patient received no further systemic therapy. The pulmonary nodules slowly became larger and more numerous. Nine years later the patient developed proven multiple myeloma. Pulmonary hyalinizing granulomas have not heretofore been associated with proven lymphoreticular neoplasia, although this has long been suspected. The occurrence of two B-cell tumors at different points in time associated with systemic amyloidosis is an extremely rare event. The authors discuss the possibility that these conditions represent an abnormality in a common cell of origin with differing expression over time. Coincidence, however, remains a likely explanation for the different immunopathies that occurred in our patient.
Cancer 1979 Jul
PMID:Pulmonary hyalinizing granulomas in a patient with malignant lymphoma, with development nine years later of multiple myeloma and systemic amyloidosis. 58 94

The effect of six different chemotherapy regimens were evaluated in 462 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. In comparison with other treatments, drug combinations that included vincristine and were given at 3-week intervals were associated with higher response rates and longer survival times. No gain was noted from the use of Adriamycin or from combinations of alkylating agents unless vincristine was given and the treatment intervals were short. Seventy-one responding patients were allocated at random to maintenance treatment with intermittent courses of either azathioprine--prednisone or a combination of melphalan--cyclophosphamide--carmustine (BCNU)--prednisone. The survival time was not prolonged with either maintenance treatment in comparison with that for responding patients continued on other therapies or on no therapy in previous studies. Attempts to reduce tumor was maximally with a change in the therapeutic modality, such as with immunotherapy or radiotherapy, remain to be evaluated.
Cancer 1977 Dec
PMID:Combination therapy for multiple myeloma. 58 54


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>